Thermomucor (Mucorales).
Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae is described in the order Mucorales. Descriptions and illustrations of both the zygosporic and sporangial states are presented.
Hot Temperature↗
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Ultrastructure of the asexual apparatus in Mycotypha (Mucorales).
The development of the asexual apparatus of Mycotypha africana and Mycotypha poitrasii observed by means of scanning electron microscopy is reported. Using ultrathin sections and freeze-fracture replicas, sporangiole structure is described. Sporangiospore structure is compared with that of other members of the Thamnidiaceae.
Cell Membrane↗
Zygosporogenesis in Blakeslea tirspora (Mucorales).
Zygospore development in Blakeslea trispora was studied using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and freeze fracturing technique. The results are compared with those obtained for Phycomyces blakesleanus and Choanephora circinans.
Freeze Fracturing↗
Mitochondrial genomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of Cunninghamella elegans (Mucorales: Cunninghamellaceae).
Cunninghamella, a filamentous fungal genus with important biomedical and biochemical value, lacks any fully annotated mitochondrial genome to date. Herein, we presented the first complete mitogenome of Cunninghamella elegans, a circular 41,552 bp molecule (GC 27.86%) encoding 14 conserved protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 24 tRNA genes, and 6 non-conserved ORFs. Structural comparison with related species (Absidia glauca and Gongronella sp. w5) revealed dynamic evolution in intron and repeat elements. Phylogenetics places C. elegans within Cunninghamellaceae, with Gongronella as its closest relative. This reference mitogenome will underpin future evolutionary and taxonomic investigations of this industrially and medically significant lineage.
Cunninghamella elegans↗
Rapid and reliable diagnosis of mucormycosis using colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification.
Current diagnostic approaches for mucormycosis are often limited by low sensitivity and prolonged turnaround times, which result in delayed treatment and poor clinical outcomes. We developed a novel diagnostic method utilizing a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of mucormycosis. The assay incorporates specifically designed primers capable of detecting as low as 0.001 picograms (pg) of spiked genomic DNA from Mucorales fungi. This LAMP assay demonstrated a high sensitivity of 98% and a 100% specificity of detecting fungal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples collected from mice infected with Mucorales fungi (n = 48) or from an uninfected control group (n = 15). To align the assay with clinical antifungal therapy, a subset of infected mice was treated with either liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB) or a combination of LAMB and a humanized monoclonal antibody (VX-01) targeting the Mucorales-specific surface protein CotH3. Consistent with the treatment efficacy, the LAMP assay detected significantly lower fungal burdens in BAL samples from mice receiving the combination therapy compared to those treated with LAMB alone or placebo. Further validation was conducted using BAL samples from patients diagnosed with mucormycosis (n = 24) or aspergillosis (n = 17). The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 94%. These findings highlight the diagnostic potential of this LAMP-based assay as a point-of-care. Its high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid turnaround time position this assay as a promising tool for early and accurate detection of mucormycosis, with the potential to improve patient management and clinical outcomes.IMPORTANCEMucormycosis is a rapidly progressive and fatal fungal infection. Timely diagnosis is critical for effective treatment, yet current diagnostic tools are slow, insensitive, or require complex laboratory procedures. In this study, we developed and validated a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay that enables rapid and reliable detection of Mucorales DNA directly from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens. The assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in both experimental mouse models and clinical samples, producing results within 1 h without the need for sophisticated equipment. This simple, robust, and cost-effective molecular diagnostic tool holds great potential for early detection of mucormycosis, facilitating prompt antifungal therapy and improving patient survival.
Mucormycosis↗
Identification and prevalence of culturable mesophilic microfungi in house dust from 100 Danish homes. Comparison between airborne and dust-bound fungi.
In order to encircle possible allergen sources, fungi from house dust were cultivated and identified. Dust from vacuum cleaners was inoculated on Petri dishes containing V-8 agar with addition of penicillin and streptomycin to eliminate the bacterial flora. The number of genera identified were for the most part consistent with the genera trapped from the air. However, presumably owing to their dispersal biology it was demonstrated that members of Mucorales were much more frequently represented in the samples obtained by this method compared with gravimetric and volumetric measurements. The method is recommended as a simple way to demonstrate and identify the mould contents in house dust and as a tool for the identification of some of the real allergenic sources in house dust.
Air Microbiology↗
Pneumonia caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae complicating chronic lymphatic leukemia.
A case of pneumonia caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae is described in a patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia. The species of Cunninghamella, a genus in the order Mucorales, are characterized by the formation of conidia on the surface of an inflated conidiophore (vesicle). C. bertholletiae, not C. elegans, is the most appropriate name for this fungus. This zygomycete was resistant by in vitro sensitivity testing to amphotericin B. The source of the infection is not known.
Humans↗
Fungal transformation of naphthalene.
Eighty-six species of fungi belonging to sixty-four genera were examined for their ability to metabolize naphthalene. Analysis by thin-layer and high pressure liquid chromatography revealed that naphthalene metabolism occurred in forty-seven species belonging to thirty-four genera from the major fungal taxa. All organisms tested from the order Mucorales oxidized naphthalene with species of Cunninghamella, Syncephalastrum and Mucor showing the greatest activity. Significant metabolism was also observed with Neurospora crassa, Claviceps paspali and four species of Psilocybe. The predominant metabolite formed by most organisms was 1-naphthol. Other products identified were, 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone, trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene, 2-naphthol, 1,2-and 1,4-naphthoquinone.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
The influence of water-logging stage upon the paddy soil mycoflora in the Ukraine.
The soil fungal flora of paddy soils from the southern districts of the Ukraine was investigated. From 287 soil samples 170 species were isolated. They belonged to the following genera: Oomycetes 1.2%, Zygomycetes 8.8%, Ascomycetes 5.8%, Deuteromycetes 84.2%. Certain fungi were found to be dominant forms, among them Mortierella alpina Peyron., Penicillium funiculosum Thom, P. rugulosum Thom, P. chrysogenum Thom, Acremonium strictum W. Gams, Acr. breve W. Gams, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Riessler, Cladosporium brevi-compactum Pidopl. et Deniak, Gliocladium roseum (Link) Thom, Harposporium sp., Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. var. orthoceras (App. et Wr.) Bilai, Trichoderma lignorum (Tode) Harz etc. The total number of fungi decreased in the paddy fieldsoils. It was found low frequency of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and high frequency of Mucorales.
Ecology↗
Incidence of aflatoxins and aflatoxin producing fungi in animal feedstuffs.
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Aflatoxins↗
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis and opportunistic fungal infections.
Sera from 35 apparently normal humans, 37 compromised human patients, 30 hedgehogs and 30 sheep, were examined for precipitating antibodies to four opportunistic fungi - Absidia corymbifera, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Rhizopus arrhizus-using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Precipitins to A. fumigatus were almost exclusively confined to specimens obtained from the compromised human group (51% of those examined) while Candida precipitating antibodies were detected in the sera of both normal (26%) and compromised (49%) humans and in 10% of the hedgehog specimens. Serum precipitins against the two phycomycetes included in the investigations were rare. Because of the complexity of most fungal antigen extracts, it appears the two phycomycetes included in the investigations were rare. Beause of the complexity of most fungal antigen extracts, it appears essential that sera be tested against a number of different antigen concentrations if CIE is to be used with confidence in fungal serology.
Antibodies, Fungal↗
Estimation of Absidia ramosa infection in the brain and kidneys of cortisone-treated mice by chitin assay.
Chitin assay was used to measure Absidia ramosa infection in the brain and kidneys of cortisone-treated mice. Mice dying 3 days after challenge had brain and kidney infection but normal renal function as determined by measurement of blood urea levels. Mice dying 5 or 6 days after challenge had infection in the kidneys but not the brain and were uraemic.
Animals↗
Effect of inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis on growth and sexuality of Pythium and Zygorhynchus.
Seven commercial inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis were tested for their effect upon vegatative growth and sexuality in Pythium acanthicum and Zygorhynchus moelleri. Five compounds (SKF 525, Chlorpropamide, Tolbutamide, Benzmalacene, AY 9944) inhibited both growth and sexuality of both fungi and two (SKF 7732 and SKF 7997) were ineffective. Pythium was more sensitive to the activity of the inhibitors than was Zygorhynchus. None of the compounds tested inhibited sexuality without similarly reducing vegetative growth.
Chlorpropamide↗
Experimental mucormycosis in congenitally athymic (nude) mice.
Athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and their phenotypically normal (nu/+) littermates displayed a similar susceptibility to acute lethal infection with Absidia corymbifera. Although the clinical manifestations of acute infection were also similar in both groups, the nude mice tended to develop more extensive lesions and were less effective in eliminating viable A. corymbifera spores than their heterozygous littermates. The results suggested that thymus-dependent processes did not play an essential role in primary resistance to mucormycosis.
Animals↗
Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the fungus Cunninghamella bainieri: evidence for the presence of cytochrome P-450.
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
Metabolism of naphthalene by cell extracts of Cunninghamella elegans.
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Carbon Monoxide↗
Ocular and orbital phycomycosis.
Cerebro-rhino-orbital phycomycosis (CROP) occurs predominantly in individuals with diabetes mellitus in a state of metabolic acidosis. Other forms of metabolic acidosis, especially in infants, may predispose to phycomycotic infections. CROP has also been reported in patients with leukemia or lymphoma. CROP usually begins in the palate or paranasal sinuses and rapidly spreads to the orbital contents. Proptosis, loss of vision, and ophthalmoplegia occur and death from cerebral involvement commonly ensues. The fungus tends to invade arteries and cause thrombosis and tissue infarction. Rhizopus is the most commonly isolated genus in CROP, accounting for almost all cases. The diagnosis can be strongly suspected by the characteristic clinical manifestations. Therapy includes treatment of the underlying disease, surgical excision of the necrotic tissue containing fungal elements and the systemic administration of amphotericin-B. The effect of treatment has improved since the disease was first described, but the condition still has a high mortality, especially if it is not diagnosed early.
Adolescent↗
Microbial transformations of natural antitumor agents. 7. 14-alpha-Hydroxylation of withaferin-A by Cunninghamella elegans (NRRL 1393).
Microbial transformation experiments were conducted with the steroidlactone, withaferin-A (1a). Cunninghamella elegans (NRRL 1393) converts withaferin-A into two major metabolites, one of which has been indentified as 14alpha-hydroxywithaferin-A (1b). The metabolite is obtained in 37% yield, and its structure was determined on the basis of pmr and mass spectral evidence. The metabolite has the same level of antitumor activity as withaferin-A against the Sarcoma-180 tumor test system in mice.
Animals↗