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Conventional mouth props are an essential part of a dentist's armamentarium and are irreplaceable in certain dental situations. These props, however, may provide too harsh an approach or be injurious in other situations. The custom-made finger prop is a valuable alternative to the other mouth props when treating the young or handicapped.
In view of the increase in mean life expectancy and in the need for care in the gerostomatological sphere, more attention must be paid to such methods which optimize the construction of full dentures from the anatomico-pathological viewpoint, exert a rationalizing effect, and are likely to improve the success rate in the treatment of edentulous patients. The method of closed mouth impression and simultaneous determination of the jaw relation refers to well-proved principles of impression making, considers new findings concerning the determination of the jaw relation, incorporates modern materials and instruments, and forms the system character of clinico-technological measures.
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Sixty-six dental students, randomly assigned to one of three examiners, were scored initially for gingivitis using the Columbia gingival index (GI). After four weekly prophylaxes, gingival scores for all teeth were recorded at day 0. Following prophylaxes, all subjects were randomly assigned one of three mouthwash formulations. Gingival scores were taken on the full mouth after three weeks and again after six weeks. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients (r) were obtained for the gingivitis index from six selected teeth (partial score) with the full mouth score, usually based on 24 to 28 teeth. GI scores obtained from partial recording on the six selected teeth correlated very well with scores obtained from full mouth examinations. A special study was set up to obtain independent GI readings for the six target teeth and for the full mouth. GI scores obtained by independent examinations of the six selected teeth also correlated well with the full mouth scores, although not as well as when the partial scores were derived from the full mouth scores. Partial scores should only be compared with partial scores obtained from evaluating the same teeth and not with full mouth scores, in clinical trials or epidemiologic surveys.
During CO2 rebreathing, we measured the pressures generated at the mouth and in the esophagus during the first 0.1 sec of inspiratory effort against a closed airway in 6 normal subjects and 6 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Normal subjects showed similar reponses to CO2 in terms of both mouth pressure and esophageal pressure. Patients' responses at the mouth to CO2 were decreased compared to those of normal subjects, but the responses in the esophagus were not significantly different. The patients demonstrated a greater response of occlusion pressure measured in the esophagus than at the mouth. In patients with altered mechanical properties of the lung, the change in mouth occlusion pressure might be influenced by problems of equalization of pressure within the airways due to unequal time constants, by problems of regional differences in pressure gradients over the pleural surface, or both. Esophageal pressure during airway occlusion 100 msec after the onset of inspiration may be better measure of respiratory drive than mouth pressure in patients with intrinsic increase of airway resistance.
Combined vaccines are used for many human and animal diseases. However, we have very few examples of combinations containing anti-foot-and-mouth valence which would allow easy immunization against differnet diseases without additional handling. Until now foot-and-mouth vaccination has been applied simultaneously with anti-brucellic vaccination (Baldoni, Renoux), andi-anthrax (Nobili) and vaccination against swine fever and Aujeszky's disease (Lysenko). During the last ten years we have particularly studied the association of anti-foot-and-mouth disease vaccines with anti-brucella and anti-rabies vaccines. We have shown the possiblity of combining these different antigens, either in classical aqueous vaccines in aluminum hydroxide, or in emulsified vaccines containing oily adjuvants. The anti-brucella valences may be agglutinogenic (H 38) or non-agglutinogenic (MacEwen 45/20). The combined vaccines "rabies + foot-and-mouth disease" and "brucellosis + foot-and-mouth disease" can be produced on an industrial scale. For many years millions of animals have been successfully vaccinated in France by means of a combined "rabies + foot-and-mouth disease" vaccine.