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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

In vitro fertilization of two species of deer mouse eggs by homologous or heterologous sperm and penetration of laboratory mouse eggs by deer mouse sperm.

Newly ovulated eggs from immature deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus and P. polionotus) and mature laboratory mice (Mus musculus) treated with PMSG and HCG were inseminated in vitro with spermatozoa recovered from the cauda epididymidis of mature males. The time required for capacitation of deer mouse sperm in culture was estimated to be about two to five hours based on the dispersal of sperm agglutination and increase of sperm motility. The rate of sperm penetration through the zona pellucida of deer mouse eggs by homologous or heterologous sperm was relatively high (72-91%) but that of laboratory mouse eggs by deer mouse sperm was low (20-21%). After penetration through the zona pellucida, a high proportion of deer mouse eggs (79-93%) were fertilized by homologous or heterologous deer mouse sperm but no laboratory mouse eggs were fertilized by sperm of two species of deer mice. The zona pellucida was dissolved in a higher proportion of laboratory mouse eggs cultured with P. maniculatus (45%) than with P. polionotus sperm (3.4%), but this did not happen by incubation of deer mouse eggs with homologous or heterologous sperm. It seems that there is little difference in sperm penetration and fertilization between these two closely related species of deer mice but the reactions between the mouse eggs and deer mouse sperm are quite different.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Differential expression of mouse beta/goat beta c, mouse beta/goat beta F, and mouse beta/goat epsilon II hybrid globin genes in murine erythroleukemia cells.

We assembled three hybrid beta-globin genes by fusing the mouse beta-major promoter and initial transcribed region to one of three goat beta-like globin gene bodies: beta c (preadult), beta F (fetal), or epsilon II (embryonic). Thymidine kinase (tk)-deficient murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells were cotransformed with one of these constructs and a separate plasmid bearing the tk gene. Half of the 24 cell lines containing either the mouse beta/goat beta c or mouse beta/goat beta F genes expressed the transferred genes at significant levels; in many cases the hybrid genes were, like the endogenous beta-globin genes, inducible with dimethyl sulfoxide. We obtained 13 cell lines containing the mouse beta/goat epsilon II hybrid gene, 6 of which were cotransfected with a mouse beta/human beta fusion gene known to function in MEL cells. In contrast to the results with the other fusion genes, the mouse beta/goat epsilon II hybrid was very poorly expressed: in two separate experiments, 0 of 13 and 2 of 13 lines showed significant mouse beta/goat epsilon II RNA levels after induction. In all these lines the endogenous mouse beta and cotransfected mouse beta/human beta genes were expressed. As an initial test of possible reasons for the inactivity of the mouse beta/goat epsilon II hybrid, we recloned this fusion gene into a tk-bearing plasmid, adjacent to the tk gene. Of 12 cell lines transformed with this plasmid, 11 produced mouse beta/goat epsilon II RNA; in 6 cases the expression was both strong and dimethyl sulfoxide inducible.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cross-species transplantation tolerance: rat bone marrow-derived cells can contribute to the ligand for negative selection of mouse T cell receptor V beta in chimeras tolerant to xenogeneic antigens (mouse + rat----mouse).

Mixed xenogeneic bone marrow reconstitution (mouse + rat----mouse) results in stable mixed lymphopoietic chimerism (1-48% rat), long-term survival, and the induction of stable functional donor-specific transplantation tolerance to xenoantigens in vivo. To examine the role of negative selection of potentially xenoreactive T lymphocytes during tolerance induction across a species barrier, mixed xenogeneic chimeras (mouse + rat----mouse) were prepared and analyzed using a mixture of mouse and rat bone marrow cells for relative T cell receptor (TCR)-V beta expression on mouse T cells. In mixed xenogeneic chimeras (B10 mouse + rat----B10 mouse), T cell maturation proceeded normally in the presence of rat bone marrow-derived elements, and functional donor-specific tolerance to rat xenoantigens was present when assessed by mixed lymphocyte reactivity in vitro. V beta 5, which is expressed at high (undeleted) levels in normal B10 mice, was consistently deleted in B10 recipients of Wistar Furth (WF), but not F344 rat bone marrow, whereas the coadministration of either F344 rat or WF rat bone marrow with B10 mouse bone marrow cells resulted in a significant decrease in expression of TCR-V beta 11. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time that rat bone marrow-derived cells can contribute in a strain-specific manner to the ligand for negative selection of specific mouse TCR-V beta during tolerance induction across a species barrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

More than one-third of the discernible mouse polypeptides are not expressed in a Chinese hamster-mouse embryo fibroblast hybrid that retains all mouse chromosomes.

Gene expression at the level of polypeptide synthesis has been investigated in a somatic cell hybrid (20 BW-4) isolated after fusion of spontaneously transformed, tumorigenic Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts with mouse embryo fibroblasts. This hybrid exhibited suppression of tumorigenicity and retained--in addition to the parental Chinese hamster genome--copies of all mouse chromosomes as demonstrated by direct karyotype analysis and confirmed for 18 different mouse chromosomes by analysis of 18 different mouse isozymes. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides from hybrid 20 BW-4 showed that the overall polypeptide pattern corresponded to that of the hamster parent. All polypeptides detected in the hamster parental cells were also expressed in the hybrid although some of them were expressed in altered amounts. Of approximately 1200 labeled polypeptides revealed in the parental cells, 115 mouse polypeptides could be clearly distinguished from the hamster polypeptides due to their different electrophoretic mobilities. Forty-two of these (i.e., 37%) were not expressed in the hybrid 20 BW-4. These observations were confirmed by analysis of another independently isolated hybrid (2W 23) of the same parental cells that also exhibited suppression of malignancy and that retained copies of all mouse chromosomes except no. 5. The results suggest that the genome of the tumorigenic cell after hybridization can suppress expression of more than one-third of the normal parental genome. The suppressed mouse genetic information is probably located on many, if not all, different mouse chromosomes. Even if the level of genetic suppression is high the mouse genome is able to reduce the tumorigenicity of the hamster parental cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Structure, expression, and genetic linkage of the mouse BCM1 (OX45 or Blast-1) antigen. Evidence for genetic duplication giving rise to the BCM1 region on mouse chromosome 1 and the CD2/LFA3 region on mouse chromosome 3.

The mouse BCM1 (OX45, Blast-1) antigen has been cDNA cloned and sequenced to provide data supporting the view that BCM1, LFA3, and CD2 constitute a subgroup within the Ig superfamily. Mouse BCM1 is widely expressed on leukocytes and is likely to be anchored to the cell surface by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor, as is the case for rat and human BCM1 antigen. Genetic linkage studies by recombination and pulse field analysis showed the BCM1 locus (Bcm-1) to be on distal mouse chromosome 1 and to be linked within 1,600 kb to the locus for an ATPase alpha chain gene (Atpa-3). A similar relationship was established between the human BCM1 locus (BCM1) and ATP1A2, and other markers on chromosome 1q. Conservation of genomic organization within a segment of human chromosome 1q and mouse chromosome 1 was demonstrated. A similar situation is seen in the region of the CD2 and LFA3 genes between mouse chromosome 3 and human chromosome 1p. Furthermore, the CD2/LFA3 genes are linked within 580 kb to Atpa-1/ATP1A1 genes to provide a parallel situation to the linkage between Bcm-1/BCM1 and Atpa-3/ATP1A2 on chromosomes 1 (mouse) and 1q (human). Taken together, the data suggest duplication of a chromosome region including the precursors of the genes for BCM1, CD2, and LFA3, and the ATPase genes to give rise to the linkage groups now observed. The duplicated regions may have stayed together on chromosome 1 in the human (with the insertion of a centromere), while in the mouse, the genetic regions are proposed to have become dispersed in the formation of chromosomes 1 and 3. CD2 and LFA3 are more dissimilar in sequence than BCM1 and LFA3, and if the precursors of the CD2 and LFA3 loci formed before the proposed chromosome segment duplication, then a gene encoding a recognizer molecule for BCM1 may exist in linkage with Bcm-1/BCM1 on chromosome 1 (mouse) and 1q (human).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Feeder cells from different sources and conditioned media for recloning of human--mouse and mouse--mouse hybridomas.

The use of different feeder cell layers (peritoneal macrophages from mice and rats, spleen cells and thymocytes from mice) for recloning of human--mouse and mouse--mouse hybridomas has been described. Optimal numbers of feeder cells from different sources required for high cloning efficiencies were determined. It was possible to use cryopreserved rat and mouse macrophages as feeders for cell cloning. However, the resulting cloning efficiency was much lower in comparison to the fresh material. Culture supernatants from human endothelial cells (added in a final concentration of 40% v/v) and from chicken embryo fibroblasts (25%) could replace the feeder cell layer in recloning experiments with both human--mouse and mouse--mouse hybridomas. Therefore, conditioned media (prepared in large quantities) may be used for generating standardized conditions for high-efficient cloning and recloning of hybridoma cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Coordinate secretion of mouse alphafetoprotein, mouse albumin and rat albumin by mouse hepatoma-rat hepatoma hybrid cells.

Mouse heptoma cells that secrete large amounts of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin have been crossed with rat hepatoma cells that secret only albumin, and in relatively small amounts, to investigate the influence of each parental genome upon the expression of serum proteins. All of the ten independent hybrid clones examined produce mouse AFP and both mouse and rat albumin; none produces rat AFP. The absence of production of rat AFP by the hybrids suggests that different mechanisms are involved in the initiation and in the maintenance of expression of this function. The secretion of the three proteins by the hybrid cells is coordinate: Whatever the growth phase (exponential or stationary) and irrespective of the amounts produced over a wide range, the ratio secreted of mouse AFP to mouse albumin is near to one, and that of mouse albumin to rat albumin is near to five. In addition, even though the pattern of protein secretion during the growth cycle of hybrid cells is different from those of both parents, the products of both parental genomes conform to the new hybrid pattern. Finally, some hybrids secrete less of the proteins with increasing numbers of cell generations, yet all three continue to be secreted in coordinate fashion. Since the rates of secretion of serum proteins probably reflect their rates of synthesis, we conclude that coordinate secretion indicates coordinate synthesis, and may reflect coordinate transcription of the relevant genes.

Albumins↗
PubMed1984

Effect of mouse lymphokines and cloned mouse interferon-gamma on the interaction of Rickettsia prowazekii with mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells.

We studied the effects of crude mouse lymphokines and cloned mouse interferon-gamma on the interaction of Rickettsia prowazekii with mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with lymphokines before infection, after infection, or both before and after infection with R. prowazekii led to killing of a substantial proportion of the RAW264.7 cells. Such cytotoxicity required both lymphokines and viable R. prowazekii and did not occur in mouse fibroblastic L929 cells. Untreated cultures of RAW264.7 cells supported good growth of the Breinl strain of R. prowazekii, but in lymphokine-treated cultures, little or no rickettsial growth occurred in the cells that survived the cytotoxic reaction. In addition, treatment of RAW264.7 cells with lymphokines before rickettsial infection was associated with suppression of the initial infection. The effects of cloned mouse interferon-gamma were similar to the effects of crude mouse lymphokines. Assessment of cytotoxicity, inhibition of the initial infection, and inhibition of rickettsial growth in RAW264.7 cells pretreated with various concentrations of interferon-gamma indicated that the effects of the lymphokines could be explained by the interferon-gamma that was present in these preparations. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with interferon-gamma makes them unsuitable host cells for R. prowazekii.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Rejection of mouse-derived Schistosoma japonicum and serum lethality of host immunized with mouse globulin or mouse erythrocytes.

Fourteen-day-old, mouse-derived Schistosoma japonicum schistosomula survived, matured, and deposited viable eggs following surgical transfer to the hepatic portal system of rabbits. The survival of such schistosomula is essentially eliminated in rabbits immunized with either mouse erythrocytes or mouse gamma globulin. Sera from rabbits immunized with either mouse erthrocytes or mouse gamma globulin in the presence of normal leukocytes is lethal for mouse-derived schistosomula 14 days of age or older. These sera have no significant effect on newly transformed schistosomula or those derived from rabbits. It is suggested that these results give additional evidence that immunological enhancement is one of the mechanisms involved in parasite survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of a monoclonal anti-mouse sperm antibody (OBF13) on the interaction of mouse sperm with zona-free mouse and hamster eggs.

Mouse eggs freed from zonae by chymotrypsin were mixed with sperm and pronuclear formation was observed. When anti-mouse sperm monoclonal antibody (OBF 13) from ascites fluid was added to the medium (at a final concentration of 0.05%), fertilization was significantly inhibited (9.7 +/- 4.3% compared to control 56.7 +/- 7.4%, P less than 0.01). This was based on the inhibition of sperm binding to the egg. However, when similar experiments were performed using zona-free hamster eggs, addition of the OBF 13 antibody caused no significant reduction in fertilization rate (91 +/- 7.1% compared to control 97 +/- 3.2%). It was also observed that binding of mouse sperm to hamster eggs was not inhibited by the antibody. It is therefore suggested that mouse sperm and mouse egg recognize each other in a species-specific manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Suppression of production of mouse 28S ribosomal RNA in mouse-human hybrids segregating mouse chromosomes.

Mouse-human somatic cell hybrids that lose (segregate) human chromosomes produce only mouse 28S ribosomal RNA even when they retain copies of the human chromosomes that contain the genes for 28S ribosomal RNA. In contrast, mouse-human hybrid cells that segregate mouse chromosomes produce only human 28S ribosomal RNA even when they have retained copies of mouse chromosomes that contain the 28S ribosomal RNA genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[A comparison of two antigen strains of each of mouse hepatitis virus and mouse adenovirus for detection of complement fixation antibody in mouse and rat sera].

Detection rates of complement fixation antibodies in mice and rats were compared between two antigen strains of each of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and mouse adenovirus (MAV). Among 66 and 47 naturally infected MHV-positive sera of mice (18 facilities) and rats (16 facilities) respectively, 17 mouse and 21 rat sera reacted with both Nu-67 and MHV-2 strains, but 49 mouse and 25 rat sera were positive to Nu-67 strain alone. Only one rat serum reacted with MHV-2 strain alone. In comparison with K87 and FL strains of MAV, all 8 positive mouse sera (3 facilities) reacted with K87 strain alone whereas out of 53 positive rat sera (20 facilities), 43, 6 and 4 sera reacted with K87 strain alone, with FL strain alone and with both the two strains, respectively.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1979

Detection of proteolytic (C 3-cleaving) activity on mouse mastocytoma (P 815) cells and other mouse cell lines by formation of cell contact with C 3-carrying mouse lymphocytes.

Mouse mastocytoma cells (P 815) formed rosettes with normal mouse spleen lymphocytes which had been coated with uncleaved human C 3; this interaction was clearly dependent on the amount of C 3. Lymphocytes treated with C 3 b or buffer alone were ineffective. Formation of cell contact could be inhibited by the presence of protease inhibitors such as diisopropyl fluorophosphate, phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride and tosyllysyl chloromethyl ketone. Seve n out of 13 different cell lines behaved like P 815 cells. The results strongly suggested that a proteolytic activity on mouse tumor cells led to a cooperation with uncleaved C 3 on a carrier cell to connect these two cells. We interpreted these data in analogy to the complement-dependent bridge formation mechanism (M. P. Dierich and B. Landen, J. Exp. Med. 1977. 146: 1484): uncleaved C 3, attached to mouse spleen lymphocytes as carriers, becomes cleaved by enzymes associated with the tumor cells tested; by this cleavage, the labile binding site is released on C 3 (nascent C 3 b) and anchors the C 3-carrying cell to the protease-carrying cell; since this labile binding site is short-lived, this process can be induced by membrane-associated proteases only. The nature of the proteases and the biological implications of this process are as yet uncertain.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Relationship between choline derivatives and mouse erythrocyte membrane antigens revealed by mouse monoclonal antibodies. I. Anticholine activity of anti-mouse erythrocyte monoclonal antibodies.

Different clones of mouse hybridomas, derived from the fusion of unstimulated mouse peritoneal cells with mouse myeloma cells, producing IgM monoclonal antibodies directed against the membrane of bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes (MRBC(Br)) have been previously established. We have recently shown that one of these hybridomas produce, in ascites, antibodies cross-reacting with phosphorylcholine derivatives (trimethylammonium (TMA) derivatives). In this work the cross-reactivity for TMA derivatives of the monoclonal antibodies produced by 4 anti-MRBC(Br) hybridomas have been studied at the cell level (plaque-forming cells). Phosphorylcholine, choline bromide and p-aminophenyl-trimethylammonium were found to be potent specific inhibitors of plaque formation (anti MRBC(Br)). The hemolytic activities of ascites and tissue culture supernatants were studied and their inhibition by TMA derivatives was determined. Immunoglobulins from ascites purified on TMA immunoadsorbent column were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, their spectrotype was compared to the spectrotype of immunoglobulins from tissue culture supernatants from the same hybridoma radioactively tagged by internal incorporation of [14C]leucine. It could be shown without ambiguity that the PTMA column retained an IgM with the same characteristics as the IgM secreted in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Enhanced casein kinase II activity during mouse embryogenesis. Identification of a 110-kDa phosphoprotein as the major phosphorylation product in mouse embryos and Krebs II mouse ascites tumor cells.

Mouse embryos at various stages of development were used to study the relationship of protein kinase activities with normal embryogenesis. Casein kinase II (CKII) activity in developing mouse embryos shows a 3-4-fold activity increase at day 12 of gestation. Together with the CKII activity, increased phosphorylation of a 110-kDa protein is observed. Treatment of the embryo extracts with heparin, a highly specific inhibitor of CKII activity, results in a drastic reduction of the 110-kDa protein phosphorylation indicating that the protein might be a CKII-specific substrate. Rapidly proliferating mouse tumour cells also show an enhanced CKII activity. Here too, a 110-kDa phosphoprotein was the major phosphoryl acceptor. Partial proteolytic digestion shows that both proteins are identical. Other protein kinases tested (cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases) only show a basal level of enzyme activity with minor alterations throughout the different stages of embryogenesis investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Reactivity of mouse antibodies against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes with various mouse cells before and after protease treatment.

A mouse monoclonal antibody against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes (BrMRBC) was conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Various cells from the blood and lymphoid tissues of mice were stained before and after protease treatment with the fluorescent antibody. Without protease treatment, only the platelets were specifically, though dully, fluorescent. Protease treatment made all the erythrocytes, the majority of platelets, thymus and bone marrow cells and a small part of the spleen cells brightly fluorescent. The reactivity of the antibody with cells depended on the temperature, being stronger at 0 than at 37 degrees C. The present findings demonstrate that various mouse cells besides erythrocytes bear the epitopes for anti-BrMRBC antibodies in exposed or hidden form.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Reactivity of mouse antibodies against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes with thrombin-treated mouse platelets.

The reactivity of mouse antibodies against bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes (BrMRBC) with mouse platelets before and after thrombin treatment was assessed by flow cytometry. Anti-BrMRBC antibodies could bind to thrombin-treated platelets, although normal platelets were also weakly reactive with the antibodies. The binding of anti-BrMRBC antibodies to platelets was confirmed by complement-dependent lysis. It is suggested that thrombin-activated platelets may be a real target for anti-BrMRBC antibodies.

Animals↗