[Specific nature of prescriptions and the organization of production work in the pharmacies of Moscow and Moscow Province IV- and V-category therapeutic institutions].
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Drug Compounding↗
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[A.I. Abrikosov - organizer and the first Chairman of the Moscow Society of Anatomopathologists (on the 85th anniversary of the Moscow anatomopathological circle - basis of the Society of Anatomopathologists)].
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History, 19th Century↗
[200th anniversary of the Department of Physiology of the Moscow University Medical School and the I. M. Sechenov 1st Moscow Medical Institute].
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Academies and Institutes↗
Prevalence of ischaemic heart disease, arterial hypertension and intermittent claudication, and distribution of risk factors among middle-aged men in Moscow and Berlin.
The initial examinations of prospective epidemiological studies of the same kind performed in random samples of 50-54 years old men from Moscow and Berlin showed the following prevalence rates (each first figure for Moscow, second for Berlin): ischaemic heart disease 14.4/13.6%, arterial hypertension 18.0/19.0%, intermittent claudication 6.9/3.4%, cigarette smoking 46.5/51.4%, overweight 22.9/21.9%, impaired glucose tolerance 36.6/42.5%. Hypercholesterolaemia (24.6/8.1%) was not comparable because different determination methods were used. In both population samples almost a half of IHD and 1/3-1/2 of hypertension cases were newly detected only by the study examinations. More than 80% of the 50-54 years old men showed the presence of one or more risk factors. The following significant relationships between disease groups and risk factors were found: for IHD, with hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypercholesterolaemia (Moscow only); for hypertension, with overweight, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypercholesterolaemia (Moscow only); for intermittent claudication, with cigarette smoking, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypercholesterolaemia (Moscow only). These comparative studies demonstrate the benefit and need of further common research and efforts for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases.
Berlin↗
[Human rhinovíruses circulating in Moscow (author's transl)].
In the period of 1971--1973 in Moscow, 85 strains of rhinoviruses (types IB, 14, 20, 27, 33, 48, 56, 60 and 69) were isolated from patients with respiratory diseases. In March-May 1971 in one administrative district of Moscow, from ambulatory patients with ARD rhinoviruses of types 48 (24 strains) and 27 (8 strains) were predominantly isolated. An outbreak of diseases due to these two types appeared to have occurred. From children rhinoviruses were isolated not only from nasopharyngeal washings. From 3 children they were isolated from the lower respiratory tract (from the blood collected before his death due to staphylococcal sepsis. Surveys for virus-neutralizing antibody to 17 rhinovirus serotypes in 10 lots of gamma globulin prepared in different towns of the Soviet Union revealed wide spread of rhinovirus types IB, 13, 18, 31 and 32 limited spread of types 17 and 42 and moderate spread of types 2, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 22, 24, 48 and 53.
Acute Disease↗
[History of the foundation of the Moscow P.A. Gertsen Research Institute of Oncology].
The Moscow Oncology Institute was opened on November 18 (December 1) 1903 and named "Institute for Treatment of Malignant Tumors at Moscow University". With the lapse of time this name was changed several times. In 1947 it was named after a prominent Soviet surgeon P.A. Herzen. It is the oldest in Russia and one of the oldest in the world institutions for oncology researches.
Academies and Institutes↗
Tobacco smoking in Moscow school students.
A cross-sectional study on tobacco smoking prevalence and related socio-psychological parameters in Moscow school students aged 10-17 was performed. Data from an anonymous self-report (n = 4802) on smoking prevalence was confirmed by special technique--expert assessment. Widespread smoking was found: among male 5th graders (the youngest group) 14.4% are smokers (those who smoked at least 1 cigarette over the past 3 months); among male 10th graders (oldest group) 53.2% smoke; among females these figures were 0.8% for the youngest students and 28.2% for the oldest ones. A significant difference in awareness of smoking health hazards and attitudes towards the habit was shown among school students with various smoking statuses. Complaints about cough and shortness of breath after light physical stress were significantly more prevalent in regular smokers as compared to non-smokers. The possible causal role of some psychological factors in early formation of smoking habit is discussed.
Adolescent↗
[Properties of influenza virus strains causing the influenza epidemic in Moscow in 1972-3].
The antigenic and some biological properties of influenza virus strains isolated during 1972-1973 epidemic were studied. Altogether 114 strains were isolated from sick infants of the first months of life beginning from neonatality. The strains under study were found to have high adaptation and elution activity, to be highly sensitive to inhibitors and to produce polymorphous allantoic population in the adaptation period. The hemagglutinating and neuraminidase components were shown to be fairly closely related to those of the membrane of the reference A2/Hong Kong/1/68 strain (H3N2). At the same time, a low neutralizing activity of the antisera for this strain against Moscow strains of 1972-1973 in biological neutralization tests in chick embryos was observed, explaining very high susceptibility of the population to influenza type A infection in the winter of 1972-1973. The strains under study were antigenically homogenous and most closely related to the reference A2/England/42/72 (H3N2) strain.
Antigens, Viral↗
[Results of an epidemiologic study of mental patients over 60 years of age in one of the districts of Moscow].
The convened investigation was related to a clinico-epidemiological study of mental disorders in individuals older than 60 who lived in the Kiev district of Moscow. The study was made of the entire population by a nonselective method with a fulfillment of a specially elaborated epidemiological chart. On the basis of an analysis of such charts and a personal interview of 1024 elderly patients and 215 elderly individuals not registered in the neuropsychiatric dispensary it was possible to receive some data concerning the prevalence rates, diagnostical, sex and age content of mental diseases in patients over 60, living in the given district.
Age Factors↗
[The incidence of epidemic mumps and the rate of antibody detection in different age groups of Moscow population].
Sera from Moscow residents of different ages were studied by the HI test for antibody to mumps virus. In newborn babies antibody was found in 94%. The number of subject possessing antibody decreased with age and was minimal among children of 3-4 years (40%) but then increased and reached 94% among adults (20 years or more).
Adolescent↗
[Results of a continuous study of a population of schizophrenic patients more than 60-years-old, registered at Moscow Psychoneurologic Dispensary No. 2].
The authors conducted an overall study of schizophrenic patients, older than 60 years of age and registered in one of the Moscow dispensaries. It was demonstrated that the elderly amount to 17% of the whole schizophrenic population in the given dispensary. The percentage of late schizophrenia (16.7%) is relatively high, although the percentage of them in a hospital population is even higher (27-35%). The sex ratio demonstrated a larger amount of women (1 : 3). 90% of all the studied patients at the moment of examination were at home, while 33% were never admitted to hospitals. Among the studied contingent there was a high percentage of patients with a regressive development of the process and a stabilization with a tendency towards its obliviation. The study contains some data necessary for further investigations concerning the adaptational possibilities and physical state of these patients. The obtained information require correlations with data on the general population of this region in the same age periods.
Age Factors↗
[Foci of the rat mite Ornithonyssus bacoti (Mesostigmata, Macronyssidae) and rat-mite dermatitis in Moscow].
High density of the rat population in Moscow in 1990-1991 resulted in the appearance of Ornithonyssus bacoti foci and of cases of the rat-mite dermatitis in humans. A total of 36 foci of the disease were examined and eradicated. A method for the detection of such foci has been developed. Two types of foci are distinguished, communal and industrial, and their specific features as regards the rodent and mite populations and clinical features of dermatitis in humans are described. A system of measures for liquidation of foci of rat mites is suggested, including rat and mite eradication and treatment of the patients. Specific features of these measures for various types of foci and in case of a focus reappearance are enumerated.
Animals↗
[Total cholesterol, triglyceride and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood of 40- to 59-year-old men in Moscow and Leningrad].
A population survey of 6.990 males 40--59 years of age living in Moscow and Leningrad was conducted to determine the level of lipids in blood plasma by means of automatic standard biochemical methods. Curves were built of the distribution of the concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol, and the average content, the upper levels of the norm (and the lower level of the norm for alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol too) were determined from them. The average content of total cholesterol was 217 mg/100 ml, that of triglycerides 100 mg/100 ml, and that of alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol 50 mg/100 ml. The upper norm levels for total and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol found by cutting off 10% of the higher values were 270 and 75 mg/100 ml, respectively; the upper norm level for triglycerides (cutting off 5% of the higher values) was 250 mg/100 ml. The lower norm level for alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol (cutting off 10% of the lower values) was 35 mg/100 ml.
Adult↗
[Immune structure of the population of Moscow to the strains of the influenza viruses A(H3N2), A(H1N1) and B circulating in 1977].
Examinations for the presence of antihemagglutinins to influenza A(H3N2), A(H1N1) and B virus strains in the sera from people of different ages collected in April-May and October-November, 1977, showed that influenza A(H1N1) virus began to circulate in the human population of Moscow before the onset of an overt epidemic, in the period between June and October, 1977. This conclusion has been drawn on the basis of the absence of antihemagglutinins to A(H1N1) virus in the sera from subjects of 16-20 years late in April and their detection in 25.9% of those examined on November 23, 1977. The lack of antibody both to the old A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) and a new A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) strains of influenza A (H1N1) virus in this age group in April indirectly attests to the fact that influenza A virus of this subtype has not circulated among the population in the last 20 years. At the same time the observed significant (by 1.5-2.0 log2) rise in the geometric mean titers of antibody to A(H3N2) virus in May-October indicates its continued active circulation among the population in this period. Thermostable inhibitors of influenza A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) virus in human sera may be most effectively removed by treatment of the sera with potassium periodate or RDE.
Adolescent↗
[Population frequency of neural tube defects in the population of the city of Moscow].
A sample investigation was carried out in 14 maternity homes of Moscow during 1970--1976 in order to determine the population incidence of defects of the neural tibe. Among 282336 newborns 220 probands with these anomalies were found including 11 with syndromes of non-multifactorial etiology. The total incidence of multifactorial forms was 0.74 +/- 0.10 per 1000 newborns, the incidence of the anencephaly was 0.33 +/- 0.07% and the frequency of the spina bifida was 0.41 +/- 0.07% respectively. The sex ratio 0.61 among probands was statistically significantly different from that normal among newborns. An insignificant increase of the incidence of the defects was observed during the autumn and winter seasons. No correlation was observed between the mother's age, the birth order and the incidence of the neural tube defects.
Anencephaly↗
[Contribution of the Moscow P.A. Gertsen Research Institute of Oncology to the development of oncological immunology in the USSR].
The main steps in the development of experimental and clinical oncoimmunology in Moscow Research Institute of Oncology named after P.A. Herzen for the period of 75 years of its existence are reported.
Academies and Institutes↗
[Systematic position of an autotrophic actinomycete isolated from a floodplain marsh near Moscow].
A hydrogen-oxidizing actinomycete (Z-1046) was isolated from a flood-plain marsh in the Moscow Region. Its taxonomy was compared with that of similar cultures belonging to international special standards of actinomycetes (ISP). The strain Z-1046 was found to be identical with Streptomyces autotrophicus ISP-5011 (RIA-1008, ATCC-19727, CBS-466.68, IFO-12743). It has been also shown that the generic identification of the standard culture ISP-5011 is erroneous: as Hirsch (1960) holds, the culture belongs to the genus of Nocardia (Proactinomyces). Thus, the culture Streptomyces (Actinomyces) autotrophicus ISP-5011 must be eliminated from the international special standards of the genera Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium. The autotrophous actinomycete that we have isolated is classed as Proactinomyces autotrophicus comb. nov. (=Streptomyces autotrophicus Takamiya et Tubaki, 1956, ISP-5011, RIA-1008, ATCC-19727, CBS-466.68, IFO-12743, =Nocardia autotrophica, Hirsch, 1960).
Actinomycetales↗
[Treatment of ischemic heart disease of old age at a cardiologic sanatorium near Moscow].
On the basis of scientific and practical experience at a sanatorium located near Moscow, the authors claim that in the management of elderly patients with ischemic heart disease due consideration must be given to concomitant diseases and complications. The low adaptability of the organism of such patients and the increased meteorolability make it difficult to choose the dosage of the therapeutic natural and performed physical factors and call for careful control over the tolerance to the procedures and the course of the treatment, particularly in the rehabilitation departments. A properly chosen complex of sanatorium treatment promotes improvement of hemodynamics, hemostasis, and lipid metabolism and increase in the adaptability of the organism and in the patients' physical activity.
17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗