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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Simultaneous detection of cucumber mosaic virus, tomato mosaic virus and potato virus Y by flow cytometry.

The simultaneous detection is described of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), potato virus Y (PVY) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) by flow cytometry. Extracts from leaves of healthy and CMV or PVY infected plants were incubated with latex particles, each with a diameter of 3 microm. Extracts from ToMV infected or uninfected plants, however, were incubated with particles, each with a diameter of 6 microm. Beads were washed and incubated in succession with primary and secondary antibodies, the latter labeled with phycoerythrin (PE) or fluorescein (FITC). CMV and PVY were distinguished on the basis of the fluorescence emitted by FITC and PE; ToMV was distinguished from CMV and PVY on the basis of the different diameter (6 microm) of the particles on which it was adsorbed. The three viruses were detected also by another approach. Latex particles with a diameter of 3, 6 and 10 microm were separately sensitized with antibodies specific for CMV, PVY and ToMV. An equal number of sensitized particles was mixed and incubated with the plant extracts containing the three viruses and then with anti-CMV, anti-PVY and anti-ToMV antibodies labeled with FITC. The study describes also a virus purification method based on the use of antibody coated latex particles. The method is simple technically and applicable to the purification of large as well as minute amounts of different viruses (CMV, PVY and ToMV).

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of cucumber mosaic virus and brome mosaic virus.

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and brome mosaic virus (BMV) are isometric plant viruses. Although biologically distinct, they share many common chemical properties. An analysis of the partial genomic RNA sequence available for these two viruses reveals that they are evolutionarily related. Different segments of the genome exhibit different evolutionary rates. The coat proteins, which serve as carriers of genetic material, possess little or no homology. In contrast, the 3a proteins show over 35% homology. The non-coding regions of the genome also exhibit extensive but variable homology suggesting the functional importance of the nucleic acid.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Coat protein properties suggest that azuki bean mosaic virus, blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, peanut stripe virus, and three isolates from soybean are all strains of the same potyvirus.

The interrelationship of a number of potyviruses infecting legumes has been investigated by comparing molecular properties of their coat proteins. Comparison of the coat proteins by the techniques of amino acid analysis and PAGE was inadequate to distinguish strains from distinct potyviruses. However, high-performance liquid chromatographic peptide profiles of tryptic digests of coat proteins of these legume-infecting potyviruses enabled such assignments to be made. These data indicate that amino acid sequences of coat proteins of azuki bean mosaic virus, the Type and W strains of blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, three isolates (74, PM, PN) of a potyvirus obtained from soybean in Taiwan, and the Blotch and Mild Mottle strains of peanut stripe virus (PStV) may be very similar to the known sequence of PStV Stripe coat protein. In contrast, peptide profiles of coat proteins from soybean mosaic virus, clover yellow vein virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, potato virus Y, and tobacco etch virus were dissimilar to each other and to the profile of PStV Stripe, suggesting that their coat protein sequences were also quite different. Based on observations of the coat protein structure of many potyviruses, the results suggest that the potyvirus isolates with similar coat proteins are strains of the same potyvirus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Nucleotide sequence of Chinese rape mosaic virus (oilseed rape mosaic virus), a crucifer tobamovirus infectious on Arabidopsis thaliana.

The complete nucleotide sequence of Chinese rape mosaic virus has been determined. The virus is a member of the tobamovirus genus of plant virus and is able to infect Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh systemically. The analysis of the sequence shows a gene array that seems to be characteristic of crucifer tobamoviruses and which is slightly different from the one most frequently found in tobamoviruses. Based on gene organization and on comparisons of sequence homologies between members of the tobamoviruses, a clustering of crucifer tobamoviruses is proposed that groups the presently known crucifer tobamovirus into two viruses with two strains each. A name change of Chinese rape mosaic virus to oilseed rape mosaic virus is proposed.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1988

Single- and double-stranded viral RNAs in plants infected with the potexviruses papaya mosaic virus and foxtail mosaic virus.

Three classes of viral RNA were recovered from polyribosomes purified from papaya leaves infected with papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) and from barley leaves infected with foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV): full-length viral RNAs [6.8 and 6.2 kilobases (kb), respectively]; less abundant intermediate subgenomic RNAs (2.2 and 1.9 kb), and abundant, small subgenomic RNAs (1 and 0.9 kb). Small amounts of the PapMV-specified 1.0-kb subgenomic RNA were encapsidated, whereas no encapsidated subgenomic RNAs could be found in preparations of FoMV. Immunoprecipitation of the products of in vitro translation of the small subgenomic RNA of both viruses showed that it codes for the corresponding viral coat protein. FoMV genomic RNA isolated from polyribosomes also directed the efficient synthesis of a 37- to 38-kilodalton protein which was immunoprecipitated by an antiserum raised against the coat protein. We presume this product to be a readthrough protein initiated to the 5' side of and in the same reading frame as the coat protein-coding sequences in FoMV RNA. The predominant double-stranded viral-specified RNAs in tissues infected with PapMV, FoMV, and clover yellow mosaic virus were genome sized (6.8, 6.2, and 7.0 kb pairs, respectively). If double-stranded RNAs corresponding to coat protein subgenomic RNAs exist, they must be present in much lower relative abundances.

Genes, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Cell surface labelling of mononuclear cells with antisera associated to turnip yellow mosaic virus of alphalpha mosaic virus particles. A freeze-etch study.

Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) and alphalpha mosaic virus (AMV) were used as immuno-electron microscopical markers to detect cell surface receptors on mononuclear cells in freeze-etch replicas. TYMV particles were conjugated with vacuum-distilled glutaraldehyde to rabbit IgG anti-mouse immunoglobulins (TYMV-RAMIg conjugate) or to rabbit IgG anti-mouse theta antigen (TYMV-RAMTh conjugate). B-lymphocytes incubated with TYMV-RAMIg conjugate showed either randomly distributed particles or patches of virus particles on the etched surface of the cell membrane. Mouse thymocytes incubated with TYMV-RAMTh conjugate, however, showed only a random distribution of the virus particles. Human mononuclear cells incubated with rabbit IgG anti-AMV and AMV for the demonstration of the receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG showed the oblong shape of the AMV particles on the etched cell membrane, Fc receptors were either randomly distributed or aggregrated into patches. It is concluded that both types of virus particles are useful markers for the demonstration of membrane receptors in freeze-etch replicas of labelled cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Alleged reaction in gel-immunodiffusion of an IgM monoclonal antibody with alfalfa mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus is an artefact.

A previously reported spurious serological cross-reaction between alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), which had been defined by the reaction in gel-immunodiffusion tests of a single IgM monoclonal antibody (MAb), MAb 8, was no longer detected in the presence of 0.1 M-NaCl. The non-specific reactivity of this IgM was also confirmed in Western blotting assays. When skimmed milk was used as a blocking agent and as a diluent of antibodies, MAb 8 failed to recognize AMV and CMV coat proteins. Hence, it is concluded that the alleged cross-reaction between AMV and CMV is due to non-specific binding of MAb 8 and that there is no evidence for a serological relationship between these two viruses.

Alfalfa mosaic virus↗
PubMed2004

Genome sequences of Agropyron mosaic virus and Hordeum mosaic virus support reciprocal monophyly of the genera Potyvirus and Rymovirus in the family Potyviridae.

Assignment of mite-transmitted species to the genus Rymovirus (family Potyviridae) has changed several times, and the status of the genus has been questioned. To address this issue, complete genome sequences of the rymoviruses Agropyron mosaic virus (AgMV) and Hordeum mosaic virus (HoMV) were determined. AgMV (9540 nucleotides) and HoMV (9463 nucleotides) each encode a single polyprotein with proteinase cleavage sites demarcating protein products characteristic of monopartite species of the family Potyviridae. Of the described species of Potyviridae, AgMV and HoMV are most closely related to each other (68.5% nucleotide and 71.6% amino acid sequence identity) and equidistant (about 53% nucleotide and about 49% amino acid sequence identity) from a third rymovirus, Ryegrass mosaic virus (RGMV). Phylogenetic analyses by neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference each grouped the three Rymovirus species in an exclusive clade distinct from a clade containing 34 species of the genus Potyvirus. Because AgMV, HoMV, and RGMV share a reciprocal monophyletic relationship with species of the genus Potyvirus and are divergent in sequence and type of vector, the genus Rymovirus should be retained as a taxonomic unit within the family Potyviridae.

Agropyron↗
PubMed2004

The symptom difference induced by tobacco mosaic virus and tomato mosaic virus in tobacco plants containing the N gene is determined by movement protein gene.

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) are two closely related viruses in the genus Tobamovirus, but they induce obviously different sizes of necrotic lesions in tobacco plants containing the N gene. Comparison of the symptoms produced by TMV, ToMV and a chimaeric virus (T/OMP), in which the TMV movement protein (MP) gene was replaced by the ToMV MP gene, showed T/OMP caused necrotic lesions that were similar in size to those of ToMV in tobacco plants containing the N gene. The coat protein and MP of the three viruses accumulated in planta with similar levels, and the replication level of TMV and T/OMP in protoplasts also had no difference. Comparison of the activities of defense-related enzymes (PAL, POD and PPO) induced by the three viruses also showed that the variability of enzyme activity induced by T/OMP was similar to that induced by TMV, but different from that induced by ToMV. The results indicate that the size difference of necrotic lesions induced by TMV and ToMV in tobacco plants containing the N gene results from the functional difference of their MP genes.

Plant Diseases↗
PubMed1997

Structural analysis of A-protein of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering.

The size and shape of A-protein of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMVP) and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus coat protein (CGMMVP) were evaluated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) using a synchrotron radiation source, complemented by electron microscopic observations. The results imply that TMV and CGMMV A-proteins are composed of three and two subunits, respectively, stacked in the shape of an isosceles triangular prism at lower ionic strength. Considering the difference of the A-protein structure at higher and lower ionic strength, the globular core structure was proposed as a subunit which might be modeled as a thin isosceles triangular prism composed of four globular cores joined by rather flexible segments. These cores correspond probably to four helical regions in a subunit, and rearrange their relative positions according to the external conditions. A slight rearrangement of core positions in a subunit may result in the formation of A-proteins of various shapes.

Capsid↗
PubMed1995

Differences in the subcellular localization of tobacco mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus movement proteins in infected and transgenic plants.

Our study reveals differences in the way that tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) movement proteins (MPs) partition with cellular components separated into four fractions from different aged leaves of infected and transgenic plants. Immunoblot analyses showed that TMV and CMV MPs associated predominantly with components in the cell wall fractions from leaves of transgenic plants. In infected tissue, highest levels of TMV MP were found in the organelle fractions from young and middle-aged leaves whereas most of the CMV MP was found in the detergent wash of the cell wall fraction. These results remained consistent even when plants were doubly infected with TMV and CMV. These results imply that MPs of plant viruses from different taxonomic groups differentially associate with subcellular components and that MP produced by a viral infection is targeted to additional subcellular destinations than MP produced in transgenic plants.

Cell Fractionation↗
PubMed1996

The movement proteins of cowpea mosaic virus and cauliflower mosaic virus induce tubular structures in plant and insect cells.

The movement proteins (MP) of cowpea mosaic virus and cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) are associated with tubular structures in vivo which participate in the transmission of virus particles from cell to cell. Both proteins have been expressed in plant protoplasts and insect cells. In all cases, immunofluorescent histochemistry showed that the MPs accumulate intracellularly as tubular extensions projecting from the cell surface. Additionally, electron microscopy revealed intracellular MP aggregates in CaMV MP-expressing cells. The data presented establish common features for the tubule-forming MPs: no other virus gene products are required for tubule formation and unique plant components (e.g. plasmodesmata) are not essential for tubule synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Tubule-forming capacity of the movement proteins of alfalfa mosaic virus and brome mosaic virus.

The structural phenotype of the movement proteins (MPs) of two representatives of the Bromoviridae, alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and brome mosaic virus (BMV), was studied in protoplasts. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the MPs of these viruses, for which there has been no evidence of a tubule-guided mechanism, assemble into long tubular structures at the surface of the infected protoplast. Electron microscopy and immunogold analysis confirmed the presence of both MP and virus particles in the tubules induced by AMV and BMV. The significance of the tubule-forming properties of these viral MPs is discussed.

Alfamovirus↗
PubMed2006

Dielectrophoretic investigation of plant virus particles: Cow Pea Mosaic Virus and Tobacco Mosaic Virus.

This paper reports experimental results on the dielectrophoretic (DEP) behaviour on two nonenveloped plant viruses of different geometrical shapes, namely Cow Pea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV). The DEP properties of carboxy-modified latex beads of the same size are also reported. The DEP properties of single particles were obtained from measurement of the frequency at which the DEP force on a particle goes to zero (the crossover frequency). The DEP behaviour of particle ensembles was also measured using image processing. The dielectric properties of the particles were evaluated from the DEP data. The surface conductance was found to be 0.3 nS for CPMV, 0.38 nS for TMV, and 0.52 nS for 27 nm diameter carboxy-latex beads. Data analysis has shown that the optimal condition for separation of TMV and CPMV is a low-conductivity suspending medium - below 1 mS/m.

Comovirus↗
PubMed2000

Recognition of the core RNA promoter for minus-strand RNA synthesis by the replicases of Brome mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus.

Replication of viral RNA genomes requires the specific interaction between the replicase and the RNA template. Members of the Bromovirus and Cucumovirus genera have a tRNA-like structure at the 3' end of their genomic RNAs that interacts with the replicase and is required for minus-strand synthesis. In Brome mosaic virus (BMV), a stem-loop structure named C (SLC) is present within the tRNA-like region and is required for replicase binding and initiation of RNA synthesis in vitro. We have prepared an enriched replicase fraction from tobacco plants infected with the Fny isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (Fny-CMV) that will direct synthesis from exogenously added templates. Using this replicase, we demonstrate that the SLC-like structure in Fny-CMV plays a role similar to that of BMV SLC in interacting with the CMV replicase. While the majority of CMV isolates have SLC-like elements similar to that of Fny-CMV, a second group displays sequence or structural features that are distinct but nonetheless recognized by Fny-CMV replicase for RNA synthesis. Both motifs have a 5'CA3' dinucleotide that is invariant in the CMV isolates examined, and mutational analysis indicates that these are critical for interaction with the replicase. In the context of the entire tRNA-like element, both CMV SLC-like motifs are recognized by the BMV replicase. However, neither motif can direct synthesis by the BMV replicase in the absence of other tRNA-like elements, indicating that other features of the CMV tRNA can induce promoter recognition by a heterologous replicase.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inheritance of resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus and watermelon mosaic virus in watermelon.

High resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus-China strain (ZYMV-CH) and moderate resistance to watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) were found in a selection of PI 595203 (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus), an Egusi type originally collected in Nigeria. Mixed inoculations showed primarily that these two viruses have no cross-protection. This fact may explain the high frequency of mixed infection often observed in commercial fields. When plants were inoculated with a mixture of the two viruses, the frequency of plants resistant to ZYMV was lower than expected, indicating that WMV infection may reduce the ability of a plant to resist ZYMV. We studied inheritance of resistance to ZYMV-CH and WMV, using crosses between a single-plant selection of PI 595203 and the ZYMV-susceptible watermelon inbreds 9811 and 98R. According to virus ratings of the susceptible parents, the resistant parent, and the F1, F2, and BC1 generations, resistance to ZYMV-CH was conferred by a single recessive gene, for which the symbol zym-CH is suggested. The high tolerance to WMV was controlled by at least two recessive genes.

Citrullus↗