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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Molluscacide activity of a mixture of 6-n-alkyl salicylic acids (anacardic acid) and 2 of its complexes with copper (II) and lead (II)].

The molluscicide activity of hexanic extract from Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew) nut shell, of copper (II) complex, of lead (II) complex and anacardic acid has been compared in the laboratory in an attempt to obtain better stability than anacardic acid. This was obtained from the hexanic extract of the cashew nut shell by precipitation with lead (II) hydroxide or cupric sulfate plus sodium hydroxide or (II) cupric hydroxide followed by treatment of lead (II) complex with a diluted solution of sulfuric acid. Ten products of the mixture obtained were tested on adults snails of Biomphalaria glabrata at 1 to 10 ppm. The most active products were copper (II) complex, obtained by cupric sulfate plus sodium hydroxide, and anacardic acid (sodium hydroxide) which presented activity at 4 ppm. The anacardic acid's lead content was above the limits accepted by the United States standards.

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PubMed1987

[Action of a molluscacide (Bayluscide-SRB) from the Dynatech R/D Company in lakes of northeastern Brazil--Sergipe, Brazil].

To study the action of molluscicide nine ponds were selected: 3 of them lying in Maruim municipality, 29 km far from north Aracaju, the State capital, and 6 ponds in Itabaianinha municipality, 118 km far from south Aracaju. This study was carried out for 16 months. Environmental parameters observed were those thought to have any influence on the planorbids and/or the molluscicide: water temperature, transparence, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, CO2, and the nutrients-phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and calcium. Plancton microorganisms were also considered to observe Bayluscide action on them. SRB was used in a concentration of 6.25 kg per 1.000 m3 water, to achieve 1.0 ppm Bayluscide concentration according to the producer's instruction in Massachussett-USA.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Molluscacide activity of piquerol A isolated from Piqueria trinervia (Compositae) on 8 species of pulmonate snails].

In laboratory trials an aqueous solution of Piquerol A from Piqueria trinervia, collected in several regions of Mexico, showed a molluscicide action on the adults of eight different pulmonates snails species: Fossaria (Fossaria) humilis, F. (Bakerilymnaea) sp., Pseudosuccinea columella and Stagnicola attenuata from Mexico; F. (B.) cubensis and Physa cubensis from Cuba; P. columella and Biomphalaria glabrata from Brazil; B. glabrata from Puerto Rico; and S. elodes from U.S.A. The solution was tested at 50, 25 and 5 ppm concentration, for two periods of 6 and 24 hours, at room temperature (20-22 degrees C). A 100% mortality was obtained for all species at 50 ppm concentration after 6 hours of exposure; the same percentage at 25 ppm after 24 hours; and 60 to 100% mortality at 5 ppm concentration during 24 hours of exposure. No recovery was observed among any of the treated snails. Piquerol A is a sesquiterpene with low stability in nature and has previously only been tested as an insecticide and as an inhibitor of metabolism in cell cultures: no field trails have been made on its toxicity to other aquatic fauna as yet, but it is believed Piquerol A could be an excellent molluscicide for use in areas where focal transmission of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis are taking place. This is the first time experiments on molluscicides have been carried out in Mexico.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of the shell of the cashew nut, Anacardium occidentale, as an alternative molluscacide].

Bioassays using hexanolic extracts of cashew nut shells, of Anacardium occidentale, collected in Ceará in 1972 (Sample 1) and 1987 (Sample 2) were undertaken with adult snails and egg masses of Biomphalaria glabrata, B. tenagophila and B. straminea both in the laboratory and in the field. Non extracted shells, 18.5 g, sample 1, were also tested with adult snails and egg masses of the three species. The toxicity of extract was tested with fish (Poecilia reticulata) and tadpoles. The lethal concentration, CL90, of sample 1 was from 2.0 to 2.2 ppm for adult snails of the three species. With sample 2, the CL90 was 2.0, 0.5 and 30.0 ppm for B. glabrata adults, newly hatched snails and egg mass respectively. Non extracted shells caused 40-80% mortality of adult snails, 22-35% mortality of embryos and 40-55% reduction of egg production. The hexanolic extract, sample 2, were innocuous for tadpole and fish at 2 ppm. In the field, in pools of still water treatment with 20 ppm of extract, sample 1, caused a 97.1% mortality of B. straminea and 100% mortality of B. glabrata and B. tenagophila. Using Niclosamide, at 3 ppm, 100% mortality of the three species occurred.

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PubMed1992

[Synthesis of molluscacidal synergists].

Chemical molluscicides are useful in schistosomiasis control. A synergist can potentiate the efficacy and reduce the dosage of a molluscicide, thus decreasing the toxicity and environmental pollution. In order to search for potential molluscicidal synergists, 13 compounds of O,O-dialkyl-O-(2-substituted-3-benzofurylacetonitrile-alpha-oxi mino)phosphate or thiophosphate (VI1-13) and 2 compounds of O,O-dialkyl-O-(2-thienylacetonitrile-alpha-oximino)phosphate (X14,15) were prepared. Preliminary test demonstrated that compound X15 had strong synergic effect with sodium pentachlorophenol in combating mollusks. Compounds X14 and VI1,2,3,6,8,10,12,13, also showed some molluscicidal synergistic activity.

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PubMed1990

[Sensitivity of the prosobranch mollusk Potamopyrgus jenkinsi Smith to the action of metallic chlorides (ZnCl2, BaCl2, CuCl2) and to the synthetic molluscacide N-tritylmorpholine].

The toxicity of 3 metal chlorides (ZnCl2, BaCl2, CuCl2), and of N-trityl-morpholine (Triphenmorph or frescon) has been studied on the gastropod mollusc Potamopyrgus jenkinsi, in eucalcic and oligocalcic waters. The results showed the following order in the efficiency of the toxic compounds: triphenmorph greater than copper greater than barium greater than zinc. In eucalcic water, the toxicity of barium and decreased whereas the efficiency of triphenmorph and increased. The toxicity of the substances, at middle term, rose in relation to the time of the experiment. An exposure of 2 h to the toxic agents was sufficient to induce high mortality in P jenkinsi. In oligocalcic water, the juvenile snails were more sensitive than the adults to the action of metal chlorides, but they showed higher tolerance to Triphenmorph; in addition, the winter generation was more resistant than the summer one, except for barium.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Preliminary study of the molluscacide properties of guayacil: a raw extract of Guayacum officinale].

This paper reports the results of a preliminary study of the mollusk-killing properties of guayacil, a raw extract of the plant Guayacum officinalis, on Biomphalaria glabrata. Mollusks are exposed to several concentrations of the substance for periods ranging from 1, 6, and 24 hours and then were allowed to recover, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The results indicate that guayacil has molusk-killing properties with an LC50 of 0.45 ppm and an LC90 of 0.95 ppm at 24 degrees C. Larger concentrations of 1 ppm resulted in 100% death rate, while 0.1 ppm did not prove lethal. All parts of the plant contain the active ingredient. Concentrations lower than 1 ppm are not lethal for flora or fauna.

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PubMed1988

[Effects of a sublethal concentration of molluscacide (CuCl2) on the reproductive activity and movements of the molluscan host Lymnaea truncatula Müller].

The discharge of a 1 mg/l cupric chloride solution in the habitats of Lymnaea truncatula disturbed the reproductive activity and the movements of survivors. The fast emergence of the host snails led to colonization and egg deposit on the wet emerged area. The number of egg masses per snail and the daily covered distance were reduced. The shell size of snails hatched from egg masses was lower than control at the end of the experiment. These perturbations were maximum after the discharge and gradually disappeared. The significance of these results is discussed in relation with the combined and alternate control of L truncatula by chemical and biological means.

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PubMed1988

[Combined and alternate control of Lymnaea truncatula Müller: comparative study of 3 technics for spreading of the molluscacide].

A combined control of Lymnaea truncatula with two applications of a 1-mg/l cupric chloride solution in April and the use of predatory snails in June eliminates the host snails in 77% of its sedimentary habitats in a single year. The better results were obtained with a first discharge of the toxic in the running water of the habitats, and with a further pulverization on emerged areas. A time of 6-12 h between the two applications increased the mortality rate for the L truncatula of winter generation. The increase of the toxic volume during the first application had little effect on the mortality increase.

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PubMed1978

Effect of some herbicides on the toxicity of certain molluscacides against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails.

Studies dealing with the effect of some herbicides on the molluscicidal action of certain molluscicides against B. alexandrina have been carried out. In the first part of the study the toxicity of 3 molluscicides (Copper sulphate, Niclosamide and Frescon) and 3 herbicides (Gramaxone, Preforan and Treflan) was tested individually. Results indicated that the molluscicides were more potent than the herbicides. In the second part, snails were exposed for 24 hr to one of the tested herbicides using LC0 or (Sub. lethal conc) then the toxicity of molluscicides was determined among the same snails. Data indicated that pre-exposure to herbicides caused a synergistic action with copper sulphate, while with Niclosamide and Frescon marked antagonistic effect was observed. In the third part molluscicides and herbicides were mixed in different ratios (1:2, 1:1 and 2:1) and the toxicity of the mixtures was tested. A synergistic effect was observed in the case of copper sulphate plus various herbicides especially with Treflan at 1:2 ratio. With Niclosamide and Frescon slight antagonistic effect was detected.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Molluscacide and cercariacide activity of different species of Eucalyptus].

Hydrolates and essential oils of several Eucalyptus species were tested on adult snails and egg masses of Biomphalaria glabrata, and cercaria of Schistosoma mansoni. These products were obtained by vapor dragging. Eight out of 21 hydrolates presented activity on snails, nine on egg masses and three on cercaria at 1:4 dilutions. Eleven oils were active on both snails and egg masses at 20 ppm concentrations. The hydrolate of E. deanei was active both on snails, egg masses and cercaria at 1:4 dilution and its essential oil at 20 ppm.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of temporal, seasonal and geographic stability of the molluscicidal property of Euphorbia splendens latex.

Laboratory tests with aqueous solutions of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex have demonstrated seasonal stability of the molluscacidal principle, with LD90 values of 1.14 ppm (spring), 1.02 ppm (fall), 1.09 ppm (winter), and 1.07 ppm (summer) that have been determined against Biomphalaria tenagophila in the field. Assays on latex collected in Belo Horizonte and Recife yielded LD90 values similar to those obtained with the reference substance collected in Rio de Janeiro (Ilha do Governador), demonstrating geographic stability of the molluscacidal effect. The molluscacidal action of aqueous dilutions of the latex in natura, centrifuged (precipitate) and lyophilized, was stable for up to 124 days at room temperature (in natura) and for up to 736 days in a common refrigerator at 10 to 12 degrees C (lyophilized product). A 5.0 ppm solution is 100% lethal for snails up to 13 days after preparation, the effect being gradually lost to almost total inactivity by the 30th day. This observation indicated that the active principle is instable. These properties together with the wide distribution of the plant, its resistance and adaptation to the tropical climate, its easy cultivation and the easy obtention of latex and preparation of the molluscicidal solution, make this a promising material for large-scale use in the control of schistosomiasis.

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