[Microsporum and Microsporum infections. I. Microsporum isolated in a nonparasitic state from the Zoological Park of Paris and its neighborhood].
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Animals↗
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[Microsporum and Microsporum infections. II. Thermotolerance; morphological variations and linear mycelial growth observed as function of temperature].
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Genetic Variation↗
[Current knowledge on imperfect and perfect forms of Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton species].
The taxonomic status of the members of the form genera: Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton is critically appraised. Two species of epidermophyton, 16 of Microsporum and 21 of Trichophyton are considered to be valid. Currently the perfect status of nine Microsporum and eight Trichophyton species have been described. They are respectively classified in the genera Nannizzia and Arthroderma. The value of the tester strains of the heterothallic perfect states in resolving taxonomic problems is discussed.
Epidermophyton↗
Microsporum magellanicum and Cunninghamella antarctica, new species isolated from Australic and Antarctic soil of chile.
Keratinophilic fungi were isolated from samples of soil collected in the extremity of Chile, in Southern Shetland and Antarctic continent. Two new species, Microsporum magellanicum and Cunninghamella antarctica are described. Microsporum magellanicum is characterized by verrucose or verruculose clavate macroconidia predominantly uniseptate, 4-87-2micronx14-4-21-6micron. Cunninghamella antarctica has conidiophores usually verticillately, pseudoverticillately and sympodially branched; and globose conidia with evident spines, 12-8-16micron in diameter.
Antarctic Regions↗
Genus Microsporum dermatophytes in eastern Bohemia.
The authors presented a taxonomic survey of dermatophytes of the genus Microsporum. From the 19 species described so far, they isolated ten species in the region of Eastern Bohemia. Only the species Microsporum cookel and M. gypsem are considered to be endemic species. The remaining are regarded as imported dermatophytes which are not able to maintain their existence permanently in the conditions of the mentioned region. Data on the findings of the individual species were completed by the authors' remarks on their primary hosts and/or substrates of heterotrophy, frequency of occurrence and geographical distribution.
Czechoslovakia↗
Genus Microsporum dermatophytes in Eastern Bohemia.
The authors presented a taxonomic survey of dermatophytes of the genus Microsporum. From the 19 species described so far, they isolated ten species in the region of Eastern Bohemia. Only the species Microsporum cookei and M. gypsem are considered to be endemic species. The remaining are regarded as imported dermatophytes which are not able to maintain their existence permanently in the conditions of the mentioned region. Data on the findings of the individual species were completed by the authors' remarks on their primary hosts and/or substrates of heterotrophy, frequency of occurrence and geographical distribution.
Czechoslovakia↗
[Microsporum gypseum: endothrix parasitism with medium or large spores in hair of children].
Five cases of tinea corporis in children by Microsporum gypseum are presented. In four of them an endothrix type of parasitism with arthrospores 4 to 8 microns in diameter was observed. In the other case ectothrix and endothrix types of parasitism were seen in different hairs. Endothrix infection of hairs by species of the genus Microsporum has not been clearly demonstrated until the present. Three isolates were identified as Nannazzia gypsea of the "+" mating type.
Child↗
Enigmatic relationship of two Microsporum species.
Unusual cultures of a Microsporum species were isolated from eleven patients who had either tinea capitis or tinea corporis or both. Although the macroconidia produced in the primary cultures resembled those of M. canis, hyphal morphology and colony characteristics were different from any of the more commonly occurring Microsporum species. Careful examination of subcultures showed that the isolates were composed of two species; M. canis and M. distortum, whose relationship remains enigmatic.
Adult↗
Studies on the macroconidia of Microsporum canis. Characteristics of in vitro amino acid incorporating system.
The characteristics of an in vitro polyuridylic acid dependent amino acid incorporating system prepared from germinating macroconidia of Microsporum canis are described. The incorporation of 14C-phenylalanine into polyphenylalanine is dependent on S-30 extract, adenosine triphosphate, magnesium ions and polyuridylic acid. Incorporation is slightly enhanced by yeast transfer ribonucleic acid and pyruvate kinase. The system is highly sensitive to ribonuclease, puromycin and miconazole (an antifungal agent), moderately sensitive to sodium fluoride and much less sensitive to phenethylalcohol, cycloheximide, chloramphenicol and deoxyribonuclease. Cell-free extract from ungerminated conidia has less capacity to synthesize the protein and during germination a marked increase in the protein synthetic activity is observed. The results from experiments wherein ribosomes and S-100 fraction from germinated and ungerminated spores are unterchanged, revealed that the defect in the extract from the ungerminated spore is in the ribosomes.
Cell-Free System↗
The dysgonic strain of Microsporum canis.
The dysgonic strain of Microsporum canis is described. The colony consists of fascicles of very wide hyphae with short compartments and close branching. Lateral branches often themselves remain short and fail to branch, and many are reflexive, growing in the opposite direction to the parent hypha. Mycelium of three types was noted, dysgonic, apparently normal, and forms intermediate between the two. Change from one form to another occurred in a cyclial manner, the transition from dysgonic to apparently normal being abrupt while that in the reverse direction was gradual. The strain was extremely unstable, both in primary isolations from cats and in subculture. Numerous sectors of other readily recognisable strains were produced, including the typical M. canis and various atypical strains previously obtained from human sources. These strains rapidly submerged their parent colonies and were much more likely to be obtained by subculture from a primary isolation plate than was the dysgonic strain itself. The relationships of the various strains to each other in the saprophytic and parasitic phases are discussed.
Animals↗
Atypical strains of Microsporum canis.
Four atypical isolates of Microsporum canis, three from humans and one from a cat, were obtained from North-West London. These and a further human isolate were compared with each other and with a typical isolate of the fungus. Immediately after isolation the atypical isolates were very labile, but were stabilised after a few subcultures from selected sectors. The stable forms differed from each other, but all had a tendency to brown rather than yellow pigmentation, to feathery submerged mycelium and to abnormal macroconidia. The macroscopic appearance and texture of the colonies depended on the density, orientation and branching pattern of the submerged mycelium. In recent years similar brown, feathery forms of M. canis have been reported from monkeys but not from cats. It is suggested that all such isolates may be culturally stable forms of a very unstable strains, probably feline in origin, which has yet to be described.
Animals↗
Mating behaviour of Nannizzia otae (=Microsporum canis).
One hundred and ninety-eight isolates of Microsporum canis, obtained from humans and animals in 12 countries, were paired with the two Japanese tester strains of Nannizzia otae (= M. canis), VUT 74037 (CDC B-2094+) and VUT 74039 (CDC B-2095-). One hundred and forty-one (72%) produced either gymnothecia or pseudogymnothecia in crosses with VUT 74037. Fifty-seven (28%) were nonreactive. None of the paired isolates reacted with VUT 74039. The number of nonreactive isolates decreased to 17% when 104 of the 198 isolates were paired with one additional tester strain of each mating type. All sexually reacting strains, however, belonged to the (-) mating type. Crosses between nonreactive isolates did not result in ascocarp formation. The F1 generations from three different strongly reactive crosses were all characterized by poor ascospore germination. Most of the monoascospore progeny that germinated to form mature colonies were nonreactive in crosses to determine their mating type. Others reacted predominantly as the (+) mating type, thereby precluding the likelihood of an associated lethal factor accounting for the lack of this mating type in our clinical isolates. Several explanations for this phenomenon are presented.
Animals↗
On the occurrence of Microsporum persicolor in Montreal, Canada.
A case of Microsporum persicolor skin infection in a casual employee of a veterinary clinic in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, is reported. A survey of 80 wild rodents in the Montreal area resulted in the isolation of M. persicolor from two voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) and one deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). One of the voles, heavily infested with parasites including ticks, had obvious lesions on the nose. This is the first report of M. persicolor in rodents in North America.
Adult↗
Experimental infection of guinea-pigs with atypical and dysgonic strains of microsporum canis.
Pathogenicity tests with one dysgonic and six atypical strains of Microsporum canis were carried out on guinea-pigs. Five of the atypical strains were laboratory mutants from dysgonic strains isolated from living hosts. As sporulation and viability varied greatly between the strains, inocula consisted of suspensions of fungal fragments of known viable count. When a sufficiently active inoculum was used, lesions and fluorescent hairs were induced in the guinea-pigs by all but one of the strains tested. In each case the strain inoculated was reisolated from the lesions in pure culture. The significance of the results is discussed in the light of the unusual nature and origin of the strains.
Animals↗
Kerion-like tinea capitis and barbae caused by Microsporum gypseum in Israel.
Four cases of hair invasion by Microsporum gypseum are reported. In three the scalp was involved and in one, the beard. All presented a kerion type of invasion. In 3 cases hair penetration was of the ectothrix type, while in one case the kerion of the scalp resembled the type of invasion seen in T. schonleini infection. None of the invaded hairs showed fluorescence in Wood's light. The soil was the source of infection in 3 patients, the fungus having been isolated from soil samples collected in the vicinity of the houses of these patients through the hair bait method. In one case the source of contamination was the family dog, in which scaly, alopecic, follicularlike lesions caused by the same agent were found.
Adult↗
Microsporum racemosum. Second clinical isolation from the United States and the Chicago area.
The second clinical isolant in the United States and the Chicago area of the dermatophyte Microsporum racemosum has been made. The circinate macropapular lesion was on the dorsum of the right hand. It was vesicular with an erythematous border, was pruritic and developed rapidly to 5 cm in diameter. Within 48 hrs of the institution of systemic griseofulvin therapy and topical Burow's solution (1:20) symptoms subsided. Both this patient and the one reported by Daum and McCloud (4) live on the mid-northwest side of Chicago. So far the fungus has not been isolated from soil in the area.
Animals↗
First European report of swine infection by Microsporum nanum.
The first European case of swine infection by Microsporum nanum is reported. The infected pig came from a farm in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. European records of human and lower animal infections by this fungus and soil isolation records are discussed.
Animals↗
Microsporum racemosum: first isolation in the United States.
What is believed to be the first isolation in the United States of the dermatophyte Microsporum racemosum (2) was obtained from a 79 year old white male. The patient had numerous excoriations on the forehead, scalp, and nape of the neck. (Fig. 1) A culture of scrapings from the forehead grew out a flat, granular, cream-colored colony with a red cherry-colored pigment on the reverse. (Fig. 2). The growth was exceedingly rapid, reaching a thallus of 40 mm. in diameter within 15 days. On microscopic examination the organism was found to produce numerous echinulated macroaleuriospores, (Fig. 3,5) as well as numerous microaleuriospores which are striking in appearance, occurring in wand-like clusters and being frequently stalked. (Fig. 4,5) The macroaleuriospores are quite large, achieving over 60 microns in length and 15-16 microns in diameter. The colony and microscopic appearance was consistent with Borelli's description, with the exception of the wall of the macroaleuriospore. Borelli described the wall as being thin and very similar to M. gypsum, while in the isolation from Illinois, the wall was moderately thick. Drs. Ajello and Padhye of the U.S. Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia confirmed the identification.
Aged↗