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PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of inbred strains of mice: II. Characterization of different substrains of the C3H strain.

Substrains of inbred C3H mice differ significantly in their genetic constitution with respect to biochemical markers, skin grafting, and skeletal variations. The presence of such discrepancies among substrains poses a problem when comparing conclusions based on experiments done in different substrains. Therefore, methods of controlling the genetic constitution are necessary and important to avoid these discrepancies.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Lithium chloride toxicity and pharmacodynamics in inbred mice.

Inbred strains of male mice (C3H, DBA, BALB, C57) were used to determine whether genetic factors play a role in lithium toxicity. Significant differences in the LD50 for LiCl were observed between the mouse strains after a subcutaneous injection of 37 degrees isotonic LiCl. The LD50 values in the C3H, DBA, BALB and C57 strains were 17.4, 17.6, 18.2, and 19.4 mmol/kg, respectively. Significant differences were also observed between the mouse strains in the concentrations of lithium in plasma, heart, liver, kidney and brain 2 hrs. after a subcutaneous injection of 15.1 or 18.2 mmol/kg LiCl, but the lithium concentrations were not related in an obvious manner to LiCl toxicity. The results show that genetic factors can influence the toxicity and pharmacodynamics of lithium.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Nematospiroides dubius: stimulation of acquired immunity in inbred strains of mice.

The development of immunity to Nematospiroides dubius was studied in three strains of inbred mice (BALB/c, C3H and NIH). Although a primary infection in NIH mice persisted for two months without evidence of a reduction in worm numbers, female mice of this strain readily developed resistance to reinfection. The degree of resistance was enhanced when an immunizing infection of 600 larvae was administered as 6 separate doses of 100 larvae given between days 0 and 11, and the worms removed by anthelmintic treatment given on days 15, 21, 28 and 35. Immunity in mice immunized in this way was manifest both as a reduction in worm recoveries on days 9-14 after challenge and also as an expulsion of established worms from the intestine. BALB/c mice were initially less resistant, but expelled most of the worms which became established; C3H mice showed no evidence of expulsion. The finding that inbred NIH and BALB/c mice acquire resistance to N. dubius offers possibilites for the systematic analysis of lymphoid cell activity in initiating and expressing immunity to this parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Genetic similarities and differences between sublines of certain inbred strains of mice held within Australia.

Inbred mice of the strains C57B1/6, CBA, C3H, Balb/c and DBA/2 from a total of 17 different sources within Australia were compared, utilizing 12 different blood proteins and a morphometric analysis of a series of lower jaws. Evidence for genetic differentiation between sublines was found in only two cases. Evidence for the recent contamination of an inbred strain with another stock was found in one case.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Further study of the hormonal regulation of natural immunity to weak transplantation antigens in inbred mice].

Blood plasma corticosterone level and the extent of immunological reaction to sex-antigen of skin transplant in inbred mice CBA, C57Bl/6, F1 (CBA X 57Bl/6), C3H, AKR was compared. Mice CBA had a high blood plasma corticosterone level and no immunological reaction to sex-antigen. A lower blood corticosterone level and the presence of reaction to sex-antigen was characteristic of mice C57Bl/6, AKR, C3H, F1(CBA X C57Bl/6). The number of endogenous colonies in the spleen of mice CBA was less than in mice C57Bl/6. Mice CBA had a narrow cortical thymus layer in comparison with the wide thymus cortex of mice AKR and C57Bl/6. Adrenalectomy of mice CBA caused a sharp widening of the thymus cortex.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1978

Monogene inheritance of learning speed in DBA and C3H mice. A behavioral genetic study in the shuttle-box.

We carried out investigations on C3H, NMRI, C57Bl/6, Balb/c, Balb/cN, and DBA inbred mouse strains in the shuttle-box to see whether their learning behavior is genetically controlled. The highly different learning behavior of the parental strains made it possible to test the F1 hybrids and the F2 generation. The environmental influences were standardized as much as possible. In particular, influences possible during the lactation period were excluded by using foster breeding. The results enable us to postulate monogenic inheritance for the learning speed in the shuttle-box. The inheritance is interpreted as codominant. The investigations are part of a basic study in mammalian behavior genetics from the human genetic aspect.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Influence of milk source on transplantability of histocompatible mammary tumours in mice.

It is confirmed that C3H mammary tumours are much more easily transplantable in histocompatible recipients when these have been reared on C3H milk, than when they have been reared on milk from the inbred Swiss/B strain. By contrast, A.CA mammary tumours transplanted in histocompatible hosts reared on A.CA or Swiss/B milk, grow almost equally well in both sorts of recipient. Thus, rearing on Swiss/B milk has different effects on the transplantability of mammary tumours of C3H and A.CA. On the other hand, recipients which were reared on C3H or A.CA milks accept grafts of C3H mammary tumours about equally, suggesting that milks from A.CA and C3H have the same effect on the transplantability of C3H mammary tumours. The different action of Swiss/B milk on tumours of C3H and A.CA seems best attributed to differences between C3H and A.CA tumours or between mouse strain genotypes. By contrast, the transplantability of C3H mammary tumours is significantly changed when the recipients were reared on milk from the RIII strain instead of C3H. These facts suggest that the milk from RIII has an action which differs from that of both C3H and A.CA in this respect. The data are discussed on the basis of a differential tollerance-inducing action of mammary tumour viruses (MTVs) which infect C3H, A.CA and RIII, and have an important role in tumour induction.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Genetic differences in BCG-induced resistance to Schistosoma mansoni are not controlled by genes within the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse.

Induction of nonspecific resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection after the i.v. injection of viable BCG was investigated in outbred mice and a panel of inbred and H-2 congenic strains. Significant protection was induced in CF1, A/J, C57BL/6, C57BL/10, DBA/2, C57BR, and SJL mice. BALB/c mice were not protected whereas CBA and C3H mice expressed intermediate degrees of protection. Expression of the protective phenomenon is not controlled by genes within the MHC as shown by the marked differences in response between BALB/c and DBA/2 (H-2d) as well as between C57BR and C3H (H-2k) mice. H-2 congenic strains with C57BL/10 background (B10.A and B10.D2) were high responders. BALB.B10 mice carrying the high responder (B10) MHC on the nonresponder (BALB/c) background were not protected. The degree of splenic hypertrophy did not correlate with the expression of nonspecific resistance. These results demonstrate that, in addition to controlling specific immune responses, genetic differences influence the nonspecific protective phenomena related to BCG administration as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Inheritance of antibody specificity. II. Anti-(4-hydroxy-5-bromo-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl in the mouse.

Mice of 17 inbred strains produced anti-(4-hydroxy-5-bromo-3-nitrophenyl)-acetyl (NBrP) of three different fine specificity types. Anti-NBrP antibodies of all allotype b mice (five strains tested) had a high relative affinity for (4-hydroxy-3.5-dinitrophenyl) acetyl (NNP) but low for (4-hydroxy-5-cloro-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NCP). Another category was characterized by high relative affinity for NCP but low for NNP. This category included most of the tested strains. The third category (CBA and C3H strains) had an intermediate fine specificity. Associated with fine specificity characteristics were anti-NBrP titers, mice of allotype b had lower titers than the other mice. Studies of congenic, recombinant inbred, F1 and backcross mice showed that both fine specificity and the magnitude of the anti-NBrP response of tbalb/C MICE WERE CONTROLLED BY AN ALLOTYPE-LINKED GENE. This gene was dominant over the C57BL/6 ALLELE. Lack of recombinant mice in the backcross generatioterns on the other suggest close linkage between the two genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pleomorphic C-type virus particles in bone tissue of strain 101 mice and (C3H X 101)F1 hybrids.

The proximal tibial metaphysis of apparently healthy strain 101 mice, 3-4 weeks old, and (C3H X 101)F1 hybrids, 3-48 weeks old, was studied by electron microscopy. Budding, immature, and mature (C-type virus particles were found within trabecular bone tissue of 3 of 8 strain 101 and 4 of 12 (C3H X 101)F1 mice. The particles were most common in lacunae of aging osteocytes and were only occasionally associated with osteoblasts. Although the morphology of budding and immature particles appeared to be identical with that of typical C-type viruses, most of the mature forms of particles showed atypical structure and size. The electron-dense core was very large and not clearly defined, measuring approximately 70-130 nm in diameter. This diffuse core sometimes completely filled the space within the envelope of the particles. The diameters of the pleomorphic mature C-type particles ranged from approximately 90 to 150 nm. The possible association between the production of pleomorphic C-type virus particles by bone cells and spontaneous osteomagenesis in 101 and (C3H X 101)F1 mice is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Antibody response in C3H mice injected with CBA lymphoid cells as detected by membrane immunofluorescent staining.

Lymphocytes from CBA mice are strongly responsive to cells from the H-2-identical strain C3H in vitro (MLC), whereas C3H lymphocytes are poorly reactive against CBA cells. Immunization of CBA mice with C3H lymphocytes did not yield any detectable specific antibodies. On the other hand, C3H mice immunized with CBA cells produced specific antibodies as detected by membrane immunofluorescence. Mice of the strains AKR and DBA/2 also possess this specific membrane alloantigen. We thus conclude that it is now possible to discriminate among lymphocytes of CBA and C3H origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Fetal growth modified by natural and induced changes in maternal reactivity.

Maternal immunological unresponsiveness has usually been demonstrated with adult tissue allografts. Experiments were first directed to the question of whether maternal reactivity to allogeneic conceptuses parallels that of implants of allogeneic tumor. BALB/c female mice parous by C3H males for one to eight litters and challenged with Tumor 70429 of C3h origin showed increasing unresponsiveness with multiparity. A high percentage of progressively growing tumors in highly multiparous females indicates that unresponsiveness does not give way to sensitization. The effects of multiparity on placental and fetal weights in BALB/c females pregnant by C3H males resulted in a continuing decrease in placental weight (indicative of unresponsiveness) through the third pregnancy, but this was followed by a contrasting progressive weight increase indicating sensitization with four or more pregnancises. Syngeneic placentas displayed a similar pattern suggesting that weight changes were not entirely alloantigen dependent and that fetus-specific antigens also alter maternal reactivity. The effects of specific and nonspecific maternal preimmunization and specific parity on placental weights were tested as follows. One group of BALB/c females was immunized against C3H (specific), a second was immunized against DBA/2 (nonspecific), and a third was not immunized. Each of these groups was divided in half and mated to either C3H or DBA/2 males for a first litter; then all were mated to C3H for a second pregnancy. Placental weights were significantly smaller in females that had their first litter by C3H males. A similar experiment with BALB/c X C57BL F1 females resulted in fewer changes in placental weights. In all instances, maternal reactivity had its major effect upon placental rather than fetal weight. The effect of maternal unresponsiveness upon reproductive capacity was tested by mating BALB/c females to either DBA/2 POR C3H males for a first litter and then mating all females ot C3H males for a second litter. Second litters were significantly larger when first litters were also sired by C3H males.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Search for specific effector functions of C3H X CBA lymphocytes which have proliferated in the spleens of irradiated CBA mice.

Injection of C3H X CBA hybrid lymphocytes into CBA mice specifically reduces the pool of host T cells which are reactive against the Mls antigen determined by the C3H genome. Since C3H X CBA lymphocytes are triggered to cell division in the spleens of irradiated CBA mice we have now examined if such activated cell populations exhibit any effector functions against CBA lymphocytes which are reactive against C3H-determined antigens. It was observed that such 'educated' cell populations were unable to significantly kill CBA lymphocytes which are triggered to cell division in C3H X CBA hosts or CBA lymphocytes which can inhibit proliferation of transplanted C3H X CBA bone marrow cells. Moreover, there was no evidence that such 'educated' cell populations can specifically kill anti-C3H-reactive CBA lymphocytes in vitro or damage CBA bone marrow cells in vivo. Thus, these results do not demonstrate that C3H X CBA lymphocytes acquire any effector functions against CBA T cells which are reactive against C3H-determined antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Study of the mechanism of Corynebacterium parvum anti-tumour activity. I. Protective effect on the growth of two syngeneic tumours.

The protective effect of C. parvum against two different tumours - a lymphosarcoma and a mammary carcinoma - has been demonstrated. In the case of lymphosarcoma, a significant protective effect was obtained when both C. parvum and tumor cells were injected IV. In contrast in C3H mice the best protection was obtained when both C. parvum and mammary carcinoma cells were injected IP. Thus both C. parvum and tumour cells must be inoculated by the same route which, however, varies for different tumours. A very small dose of C. parvum still inhibited the growth of the two tumours. Splenectomy performed before C. parvum treatment did not interfere with the anti-tumour activity of C. parvum on the tumours. However, when splenectomy was performed after C. parvum injection, the protective ffect of C. parvum still persisted against XVII lymphosarcoma but not against C3H carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Neuropathological effects of persistent infection of mice by mouse hepatitis virus.

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV3) can persist for months in strains of mice with genetically controlled "semisusceptibility" to this virus. The pathology of the chronic neurological disease induced in these animals has been investigated by conventional histology and immunofluorescence. A2G mice develop a chronic choroidoependymitis and meningitis leading to severe hydrocephalus and hydromyelia. In C3H mice a widespread vasculitis was observed, with both viral antigens and bound immunoglobulins in vessal walls. No significant glomerulonephritis was found. Systemic amyloidosis was present in the spleen, liver, and kidneys. The virus was not detected in neural tissues, but brain and spinal cord lesions were found near inflammatory areas surrounding damaged vessels. It is suggested that viral persistance in ependymal cells is directly responsible for the lesions in A2G mice, whereas an immunopathological lesion of blood vessels of the central nervous system underlines the damage to mice of the C3H strain.

Animals↗