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PubMed2025

Metschnikowia maris comb. nov., a large-spored yeast species endemic to Serra do Mar Atlantic Rainforest biome, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.

Two yeast isolates from passion flowers were sampled in the southern part of the Serra do Mar Atlantic Rainforest in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Barcode sequencing and mating experiments showed them to be representatives of Metschnikowia matae var. maris, thus originally named due to the availability of only a single isolate and uncertainties regarding reproductive isolation. The two new isolates being of the complementary mating type to the previously known strain, intravarietal crosses were performed. They yielded a preponderance of two-spored asci, unlike crosses with M. matae var. matae, which led to largely sterile asci. We therefore elevate the variety maris to the rank of species, with the name Metschnikowia maris comb. nov. The holotype is UFMG-CM-Y397T (MATα). Strain UFMG-CM-Y7613A (MAT a) is designated as allotype. The new combination is registered as MB 859665.

Brazil↗
PubMed1977

Metschnikowia lunata sp. nov.

Ascosporulation in the yeast strain designated as Selenotila intestinalis Krassilnikov was achieved. On the basis of mode of ascus formation and ascospore morphology it is included in the genus Metschnikowia Kamienski as a new species, M. lunata.

Spores, Fungal↗
PubMed2025

Pulcherriminic acid biosynthesis and transport: insights from a heterologous system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Pulcherriminic acid is an iron chelator produced by some Kluyveromyces and Metschnikowia yeasts. Its biosynthesis is encoded by the four-gene PUL cluster, where PUL1 and PUL2 are the biosynthetic enzymes, PUL3 mediates the uptake of iron-bound pulcherrimin, and PUL4 is a putative regulator. Pulcherriminic acid holds antifungal potential, as the growth of organisms unable to uptake pulcherrimin is inhibited by deficit of essential iron. Thus, a heterologous production system to further characterize and optimize its biosynthesis would be valuable. Using our in-house yeast collection and genomes available in databases, we cloned PUL1 and PUL2 genes from Kluyveromyces lactis and one of our wild Metschnikowia isolates and built an effective production system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae able to inhibit pathogenic growth. In this context, the K. lactis genes yielded faster pulcherriminic acid production than those from the Metschnikowia isolate and a combinatorial approach showed PUL1 to be the production bottleneck. We further showed that Pul3 is an importer of pulcherrimin, but also mediates the export of pulcherriminic acid and that the growth of pathogens such as Candidozyma auris and organisms encoding PUL3 in their genome, previously called "cheaters," is inhibited by pulcherriminic acid, highlighting its potential as an antimicrobial agent.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae↗
PubMed1976

[On the similarity of antigen between fungi and Salmonella. 4. Communication (author's transl)].

The immune sera for Candida membranefaciens (C. majoricensis), Candida guilliermondii var. carpophila, Metschnikowia bicuspidata, Syringospora stellatoidea and Torulopsis candida agglutinated Salmonella cholerae-suis (6,7). The immune serum for S. cholerae-suis agglutinated Candida membranefaciens (C. majoricensis), Candida guilliermondii var. carpophila, Metschnikowia biscuspidata, Syringospora stelladoidea and Torulopsis candida. Absorption and agglutination cross test demonstrated common antigen factors in the tested fungi species and in S. cholerae-suis (6,7).

Candida↗
PubMed2025

Reviving Élie Metschnikoff's Monospora: the obligately parasitic yeast Australozyma monospora sp. nov.

A vast literature explores a model system that consists of a prey crustacean, the water flea Daphnia spp., and an obligately pathogenic yeast that has been referred to as Metschnikowia bicuspidata and thought to represent the material used by Metschnikoff in his study of innate immunity. Typification of species bearing that name and indeed the whole genus has been problematic as regards yeasts that only grow or form aciculate ascospores in hospite. The neotype of M. bicuspidata, unlike the Daphnia parasite, is easily cultured on a variety of laboratory media, although it too can cause serious infections in a variety of mostly aquatic animals. It has become evident that the Daphnia parasite studied by Metschnikoff or current workers is not closely related to M. bicuspidata as currently understood. Analysis of whole genome DNA extracted from the yeast repeatedly found in infected Daphnia specimens shows that it belongs to the recently circumscribed genus Australozyma. The yeast is described here as Australozyma monospora sp. nov. The species, although haplontic and heterothallic, forms single-spored asci without mating. It also appears that all species in the genus are restricted to asexual reproduction, which may explain their rare status. The holotype is MICH 346683. The name is registered in Mycobank under the number MB 859667.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Distribution of extracellular proteolytic activities among various yeast.

A general screening test for extracellular proteolytic activities was carried out on 24 cultures belonging to 14 genera of yeasts. The screening was performed using gelatine and casein as sole nitrogen sources under two sets of pH conditions. Potent proteolytic yeast cultures belonging to both Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes were detected, particularly certain members of the genera Endomycopsis, Metschnikowia, Debaromyces, Rhodotorula, and Candida spec. Most detected proteolytic cultures were active on both casein and gelatine substrates, possibly suggesting one enzyme system in each case with wide substrate specificity. Physiological studies revealed that maximum proteolysis occurred after 3--4 days of aerobic incubation and that some strains were able to hydrolyze egg albumin.

Caseins↗
PubMed1977

[Antigenic relationship between Salmonella cholerae suis and various yeasts].

The common antigenic fraction of Candida albicans and Salmonella O 6, 7 antigens were published by Aksoycan and Kaffmann (1); Recently Aksoycan and Sağanak (4,6) showed the antigenic relationship between Salmonella O 6, 7 antigen and various Candida, Torulopsis species and some other yeasts. During their earlier studies Aksoycan and his colleagues showed also the antigen relationship between Saccharomycopsis ludwigii, Syringospora albicans, Syringospora claussenii, Syringospora stellatoidea, Metschnikowia, Torulopsis and Salmonella cholerae suis O 6, 7 antigen (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).

Antigens, Bacterial↗