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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Jodamid and metrizoic acid in carotid angiography. Comparative study of side-effects and film contrast.

To compare the side-effects and film contrast of jodamid and metrizoic acid 215 carotid angiography examinations were analyzed. To study the side-effects the pulse and blood pressure were recorded and the clinical condition of the patient was observed during the examination as well as on the subsequent day. Three neuroradiologists graded the film contrast without knowing the opinions of the others or which contrast medium had been used. No significant changes in pulse rate were recorded. A slight increase in blood pressure generally occurred immediately after the injection and a statistically significant but slight fall of blood pressure five to seven seconds after the injection. No differences were observed between the two contrast media. Injection into the common carotid artery lowered the blood pressure slightly more than injection into the internal carotid artery. No differences in clinical side-effects were noticed between the two contrast media. No irreversible side-effects were recorded. The film contrast of jodamid was significantly better than that of metrizoic acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Metrizoic acid (Isopaque coronar) used in man for cardiac angiography.

Isopaque Coronar, a radiopaque agent, was given (10,000 injections) to 2,028 patients during angiocardiographic studies done over a three-year period. With two exceptions, all complications occurred during right coronary artery injection. Seven cases of ventricular fibrilation, and 5 of marked bradycardia/asystole, were associated with injection of the medium. Isopaque Coronar is well tolerated by patients during cardiac examinations. Factors which may help to explain the low complication rate are discussed.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1993

A comparison between IEEC, a new biodegradable particulate contrast medium, and iohexol in a tumor model of computed tomography imaging of the liver.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Higher contrast between normal and pathologic tissues in the liver may enable detection of smaller lesions in computed tomography (CT). This can be obtained using a liver-specific contrast medium. The authors evaluate a new agent, IEEC (1'-Ethyloxycarbonyloxy)-ethyl-5-acetylamino-3-(N-methyl-acetylami no)-2,4,6- triiodo-benzenecarboxylate), in an animal model, as a potential contrast agent for CT scanning of the liver. The IEEC particulate contrast medium used is based on a prodrug ester design of metrizoic acid and accumulates rapidly in the liver. The particles are quickly degraded into well-known metabolites and excreted from the body. METHODS: Two groups of rabbits were inoculated with VX2-carcinoma directly into the liver by laparotomy. Computed tomography imaging studies were carried out 9 and 11 days after the inoculation. The investigation was designed as a crossover study. The first group was imaged both as controls (without contrast medium) and with the particulate contrast medium on the 9th day and with iohexol on the 11th day. The second group was imaged with iohexol on the 9th day and as controls, and with the particulate contrast medium on the 11th day. The contrast medium was administered in a dose of 100 mgI/kg. Iohexol was administered in a dose of 570 mgI/kg according to a standard clinical scheme in use at a radiology department for dynamic CT. Changes in normal liver/lesion contrast and the conspicuity of tumors were assessed. On completion of imaging studies on day 11, all animals were killed. The liver was removed and evaluated for the presence of tumors. RESULTS: At macroscopic inspection, all rabbits were found to have tumors ranging from 2 to 14 mm in diameter. The size and location of the tumors corresponded well with the CT images. In the images where the particulate contrast medium was used, the attenuation in the normal liver parenchyma and the contrast between normal liver and lesion was significantly higher compared with the images where iohexol was used or the controls. For all tumor sizes, the lesion detection capability with the particulate contrast medium was significantly higher compared with iohexol (P < .005) and controls (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: VX2-carcinoma in rabbit liver is a useful model for studying the efficacy of contrast media in CT imaging. The particulate contrast medium IEEC improved visualization of liver tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Description of an improved method for Blastocystis hominis culture and axenization.

An improved method for Blastocystis hominis culture and axenization was developed in the present study. Stool samples were cultured in prereduced Boeck-Drbohlav NHI modified medium (with several modifications) supplemented with antibiotics (0.4% ampicillin, 0.1% streptomycin, 0.0006% amphotericin B). Axenization was performed by the combination of partial purification of B. hominis by Ficoll-metrizoic acid gradient and inoculation in fresh medium containing active antibiotics against remaining bacteria. A total of 25 strains were obtained by this procedure. The time required for axenization ranged between 3 and 5 weeks. The generation time of axenic strains ranged from 6.6 to 12.1 h (mean +/- SD 110.0 +/- 1.8 h) and the mean number of generations was 2.5 +/- 0.6 h per 24 h. The size of vacuolar and ameboid forms found in stools and in culture was similar. The special formulation of the medium used reduced the generation time and did not modify the cellular size as compared with fecal forms.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Incorporation of contrast media in cultured cells.

Monolayer cultures of human prostatic (PC-3) and cervical (NHIK 3025) carcinoma cells were grown on formvar film and exposed to moderate concentrations of contrast agents for 30 minutes to 4 hours. After the exposure period, the monolayers were quickly frozen, and cryosections were examined by electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Iodine was not detected in control cells, but was found in the cells that had been exposed to iodine-containing contrast media. The amount of intracellular iodine increased with increasing exposure dose and time. Because the cells mostly presented no sign of membrane damage, our findings support the view that contrast media have the ability to enter intact cells.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1994

The effect of various contrast media on the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in vitro.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Radiologic contrast media (CM) may influence processes of coagulation and fibrinolysis. In the current study, the effects of various CM on the formation of plasmin were examined in an in vitro buffer system. METHODS: The effects of three clinically relevant concentrations of seven different iodine-containing CM and gadolinium-DTPA on streptokinase (SK) or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)-induced plasmin formation was monitored using a plasmin-sensitive chromogenic substrate. RESULTS: Contrast media generally had an inhibitory effect at the plasminogen activation step; this effect was particularly noticeable with the ionic CM. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast media influence plasminogen activation by SK and rt-PA in vitro. Ionic CM have a more pronounced inhibitory effect than the nonionic media. The ionic Gd-DTPA shows a less inhibitory effect than the ionic iodine-containing CM. However, they must be regarded separately because of the different chemical composition of the magnetic resonance imaging and x-ray CM.

Contrast Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of Plasmodium berghei ookinetes to young oocysts in vitro.

The mosquito stage of Plasmodium berghei was cultivated in vitro, with special attention to ookinete transformation into early oocyst. The ookinetes were obtained by in vitro culture of gametocytes taken from infected mice, purified by density gradient of metrizoic acid or a lymphocyte separation medium, and incubated either in acellular culture or in co-cultivations with mosquito cells. In acellular culture, the ookinetes were found to aggregate with each other and transformed from banana to round shapes. Their inner pellicular membranes and subpellicular microtubules partially disappeared, indicating that development to early oocyst had occurred. Co-cultivation wtih Aedes albopictus cells (C6/36 clone) revealed that ookinetes transformed into early oocyst in the medium, or invaded the cells and then transformed to early oocysts within the cell cytoplasm as well. However all of these transformed cells failed to develop further, i.e., neither deposition of the oocyst capsule nor nuclear division was observed. Many ookinetes which failed to penetrate the Aedes cells were phagocytized within three days of culture. A significant difference between invaded and transformed oocysts and phagocytized ookinetes was seen in that the former lacked vacuole membrane. Co-cultivation with Toxorhynchites amboinensis cells (TRA-284-SFG clone) permitted transformation of ookinetes into early oocysts in the medium as in the acellular culture, but no ookinete invasion nor phagocytosis by the cell was observed.

Aedes↗
PubMed1977

Studies with an improved white cell isolation method to assess the vitamin C status in surveys.

A method for isolating white cell which employs a disposable syringe has been modified and adapted to nutrition survey work. Methylcellulose was used as a clumping agent for erythrocytes. This method was more rapid and was easier to perform than a previously recommended metrizoic acid technique which gave similar results. Average leucocyte recovery was 62% and erythrocyte contamination was 0.75 erythrocyte per leucocyte. Recovery of added ascorbic acid to white cell pellets was better than 95% and tests of the reproducibility of the assay gave a coefficient of variation of 6% for samples in the deficient range. Extraction of vitamin C from white cells was carried out in a centrifuge tube and took only 30 sec. Vitamin C was found to be stable for several weeks after freezing either the white cell extracts in dilute metaphosphoric acid or simply the white cell pellets. The method was utilized under field conditions during a small survey of Eskimos from Arctic Bay. The significance of the white cell vitamin C content as an index of nutritional status is discussed.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1994

Detection of vitellogenin in a subpopulation of sea urchin coelomocytes.

Sea urchin vitellogenin is a high molecular weight glycoprotein, which is the precursor of the major yolk protein present in the unfertilized egg. Vitellogenin processing into the major yolk protein and its further enzymatic cleavage during sea urchin embryonic development, has been extensively described, and the adhesive properties of the processed molecule have been studied. The function of vitellogenin in the adult, where it has been found in the coelomic fluid of both male and female individuals, is still unknown, although its role on promoting the adhesion of embryonic cells has been shown. In this report we describe the detection of vitellogenin in lysates of whole circulating coelomocytes of both male and female sea urchins of the species Paracentrotus lividus. By metrizoic acid gradients we purified total coelomocytes into six subpopulations that were tested for the occurrence of the molecule using vitellogenin-specific polyclonal antibodies. We detected vitellogenin only in the coelomocyte subpopulation called colorless spherule cells, packed in kidney-shaped granules located around the nucleus. We also showed that coelomocytes respond to stress conditions by discharging vitellogenin into the medium. This result together with previous observations on the adhesive properties of the molecule suggest a role for vitellogenin in the clotting phenomenon occurring after host invasion.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Complement system activation by contrast media in neuroradiology.

Complement system activation was studied in six series of 12 patients undergoing routine contrast study following IV injection of five recently developed contrast media. The decreasing order of effectiveness on the complement system was as follows: ioxaglic acid, metrizamide, iodamidol. Metrizoic and ioxithalamic acids did not provoke any complement depletion at the doses used in this study. Both pathways of activating the complement system were involved. We could not find any definite correlation with osmolarity, ionic or nonionic formulation, protein binding, or hydrophobicity.

Complement Activation↗
PubMed1986

Effect of various contrast media on coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet function. An in vitro and in vivo study.

An in vitro and in vivo study of the effect of ionic and nonionic contrast media (CM) on coagulation and platelet function is reported. The methods employed were tests for extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation together with a fibrinolytic parameter and aggregation using ADP and collagen as inducers. The in vivo study utilized patients undergoing routine cerebral angiography. The in vitro results showed a modest influence of the nonionic CM in contrast to the ionic. The marked inhibitory effect of the latter was mainly caused by inherent toxicity, osmolality/ionic strength being of minor importance. The in vivo results showed a negligible influence of CM on systemic hemostatic parameters, but catheter-derived samples indicated desirability of premedication with ASA or heparin. The nonionic CM caused less discomfort than the ionic CM.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1982

Coronary angiography with Iopamidol.

Iopamidol, a new non-ionic contrast medium with low osmolality, was compared with Isopaque Coronar during selective coronary angiography in 16 patients. Iopamidol caused significantly less bradycardia, less ECG changes and less fall in blood pressure than Isopaque Coronar. No subjective adverse effects such as chest pain, vomiting, nausea or sensation of heat occurred. The results indicate that Iopamidol has advantages as a contrast medium for coronary angiography.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low dose urography with a low osmolar contrast medium.

In a double blind study of 100 consecutive patients routinely referred for urography, a conventional contrast medium (Isopaque cerebral) was compared at a dose of 180 mg I/kg body weight with a low osmolar contrast medium (Hexabrix 160) at a dose of 90 mg I/kg body weight. In spite of 50 per cent dose reduction, equally good diagnostic effect was achieved with Hexabrix as with the conventional contrast medium.

Adolescent↗