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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

[The Geriatric Mental Status Schedule, the GMS: psychiatric tool in psychogeriatrics].

An instrument in geriatric psychiatry, the GMS, is introduced. The use of measurement in psychiatry is briefly touched upon. The use of standardized interview like the GMS mainly serves differential diagnosis in psychiatry. The essence of this method is that questions and the appraisal of answers are submitted to rules and regulations. The application of this method in geriatric psychiatry is still in its infancy. The history of the GMS and the choice of maternal instruments following international consensus is described. In former investigations results of reliability and validity studies were satisfactory. In our own Dutch investigation reliability and validity in the (differential) diagnosis of senile dementia were consistent with those of previous studies. Some claims and restrictions in the application of the instrument are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The NIMH diagnostic interview schedule modified to record current mental status.

The National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was modified to record detailed information on current mental status in addition to the lifetime symptom history. Use of the modified DIS in a field survey indicates that information on current symptoms is required to distinguish persons who meet all DSM-III criteria for Major Depressive Episode at or around the time of interview from former cases who fail to meet all criteria at interview. Thus, the unmodified DIS may overestimate the 1-month period prevalence rates for Major Depressive Episode, by counting symptomatic former cases as having the disorder at or around the time of the interview. An analysis of symptom count data also suggests that the unmodified DIS count of lifetime depressive symptoms is not a good measure of current symptom status.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Detecting depression in elderly medically ill patients: the use of the Geriatric Depression Scale compared with medical and nursing observations.

In a study of 59 elderly medically ill in-patients, 35% were found to have significant depressive symptomatology, as detected by the Geriatric Mental Status Schedule (GMSS). Of two screening methods, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) performed satisfactorily but detection by nurses was poor. Acknowledgement of depression in medical casenotes was low. Training of nurses might improve detection; otherwise a mood-rating scale such as the GDS should be incorporated into routine practice.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Stability of intellect and personality in schizophrenia.

A group of 52 chronic schizophrenic patients (mean age 41) currently maintained on follow-up treatment at an outpatient clinic were re-evaluated 8.5 years after initial treatment at the Allan Memorial Institute. The instruments used were the Spitzer Mental Status Schedule (MSS), the verbal WAIS, Rorschach and several thinking disorder tests. A verbal IQ finding of 1.4 points of increase (n.s.) indicates that no intellectual deterioration has occurred as measured by the WAIS. The thinking disorder tests, however, reveal considerable deficit. The Rorschach shows no evidence of personality change although there is evidence of increasing personality impoverishment, as evident in a progressive flattening of affect, and an increasing withdrawal and isolation. These inferences are supported by case history data and by the MSS psychiatric rating scale.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Item series of the cognitive screening test compared to those of the mini-mental status examination].

The items of the ¿mini-mental state examination' (MMSE) and a Dutch dementia screening instrument, the ¿cognitive screening test' (CST), as well as the ¿geriatric mental status schedule' (GMS) and the ¿Dutch adult reading test' (DART), were administered to 4051 elderly people aged 65 to 84 years. This study was part of the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL-project), which is a population survey of cognitive decline and dementia. Based on the item-pool, CST and MMSE scores were calculated. Both tests were comparable as far as their validity as dementia screeners is concerned (dementia criterion was GMS Organic syndrome, cut-point 2/3). The abbreviated version of the CST (CST-14) has a somewhat lower validity. The reliabilities of the unabbreviated CST (CST-20) and the MMSE are also comparable. The influence of age, education, depression, and premorbid intelligence (DART-IQ) was most notable in the MMSE. Thus, the CST-20 item set has slightly better psychometric properties than the MMSE. A figure is presented by which CST scores can be transformed into MMSE scores.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Two brief measures for assessing mental competence in the elderly.

Data on a brief mental status schedule (Memory Check) and a behavior rating scale of mental impairment (Functional Behavior Survey) are presented which support the use of these instruments in research and survey work with both community and institutionalized aged. Based on a factorially derived concept of mental competence, the two instruments showed a satisfactory relation to clinical judgment of degree of competence, and also to a composite measure of nine test measures commonly used in assessing mental competence. The sample consisted of 68 community and nursing home residents between the ages of 60 and 80 who ranged from those who were unimpaired to those judged clinically to be grossly mentally impaired.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia and nailfold plexus visibility.

Visibility of the nailfold vascular plexus has shown promise as a genetically transmitted marker for liability to schizophrenia. To assess whether this marker is specifically associated with negative or positive symptoms of schizophrenia, we reanalyzed patient data collected 20 years ago, well before interest in the negative/positive symptom distinction. Eighty-four patients, who retrospectively met DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia, had been rated for plexus visualization score (PVS) and independently interviewed using the Mental Status Schedule (MSS). Content scales were derived from the MSS to assess negative, positive, and affective symptoms. There was a highly significant correlation between PVS and negative symptoms (including verbal, motor, cognitive and motivational deficits), but not between PVS and positive or affective symptoms. These findings indicate that the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are due to a disease process biologically distinguishable from those causing positive symptoms and that plexus visibility is a risk marker for this pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Screening for anxiety and depression in elderly medical outpatients.

In a study of 45 consecutive new outpatients at geriatric medicine clinics, 17.8% were diagnosed as depressed and 2.2% as anxious using the Geriatric Mental Status Schedule. Of two screening instruments, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), in either 30-item or 15-item version, performed well and the depression sub-scale of Goldberg and Bridges' screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety in medical settings was adequate. The anxiety sub-scale of the latter was poor. Detection by geriatricians of depression and anxiety disorders was poor. It is recommended that a short screening instrument for the detection of depression, such as the GDS, be incorporated into the clinic setting. As yet there is no satisfactory screening questionnaire for detecting anxiety disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Screening, detection and management of depression in elderly primary care attenders. I: The acceptability and performance of the 15 item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) and the development of short versions.

One-hundred and ninety-eight elderly subjects attending their general practitioners (GPs) were asked to complete the 15 item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15). Analysable results were obtained from 194 (98%). Of these, 67 (34%) scored above the GDS15 cut-off (4/5) for significant depressive symptomatology. 87.6% found the questionnaire to be acceptable and only 3.6% found it very difficult or very stressful. The GDS15 had a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80). All the individual items of the GDS15 associated significantly (P < 0.01) with total score and 'caseness'. A single question "do you feel that your life is empty?" identified 84% of 'cases'. In an attempt to devise short scales to screen elderly primary care patients for depression, the data were subjected to logistic regression analysis. Ten (GDS10), four (GDS4) and on (GDS1) item versions were generated. Agreement between these short scales and the GDS15 in the original sample was 95, 91 and 79% respectively. Cronbach's alpha was 0.72 for the GDS10 and 0.55 for the GDS4. The short scales were then validated in an independent sample of 120 patients in whom both GDS data and the results of a detailed psychiatric interview (the Geriatric Mental Status Schedule, GMS) were available. The sensitivity and specificity of the GDS10 against GMS caseness were 87 and 77% (cut-off 3/4); those of the GDS4 were 89 and 65% (cut-off 0/1) and 61 and 81% (cut-off 1/2). Sensitivity and specificity for the GDS1 were 59 and 75%. It is concluded that these short scales may be useful in helping GPs and practice staff to identify elderly patients with significant depressive symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Engagement and depressive symptoms in a community sample of elderly people.

Fifty-three elderly women attending a day centre were interviewed and observed to examine hypotheses about depressive symptoms and behaviour. Observers were blind to interview findings. The Geriatric Mental Status Schedule (GMS) and Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist (MAACL) provided information on current symptoms and mood. Time-sampling was used to assess clients' level and type of engagement. No significant relation was found between 'disengagement' (absence of engaged activity) and symptom level. Those clients reaching the Feighner criteria for depression did not differ from other clients either in level of 'disengagement' or in type of engaged activity. Within the whole sample 'disengagement' was related to age and to self-reports of good health. 'Onlooking' was correlated with 'recent loss of interest' and self-blame'. Results are discussed in relation to behavioural formulations of depression and studies of engagement.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Validation of the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12) in community elders.

There has been no validated screening instrument for use in non-psychotic illness of the elderly in Taiwan. This study aims to test the validity of the 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12) among the elderly in a community study. The CHQ-12 was administrated via reading-out to 222 subjects aged 65 and over from three communities. Psychiatrists using the Geriatric Mental Status Schedule (GMS) assessed psychiatric condition while the diagnosis was made according to the computerized program, AGECAT. Validity indices of the CHQ-12 were calculated, using the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis for its optimal cut-off point. Variables hypothesized to affect its performance were assessed. Validity of the CHQ-12 at optimal cut-off point 2/3 were estimated with a sensitivity of 79.7%, a specificity of 83.6%, a positive predictive value of 68.9%, a negative predictive value of 90.0% and an overall misclassification rate of 17.6%, and an estimate of the area under the ROC curve of 0.81. The performance of the CHQ-12 was better in males, in those who were literate, and in those without any physical illness. This study demonstrated that the use of CHQ-12 in the elderly community is as valid as in the general population survey. However, it should be read out by the investigator rather than self-administered due to the high proportion of illiteracy among the Taiwanese elderly.

Aged↗