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Results for “Menstruation-Inducing Agents”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Progesterone receptor antagonists and prostaglandins in human fertility regulation: a clinical review.

Progesterone receptor antagonists have been developed by substitutions at the 11-beta and 17 side-chain positions of the progestagen norethisterone. The most studied progesterone receptor antagonists are mifepristone (Mifegyne; Roussel-UCLAF; RU486) and ZK98734 and ZK98299 (Schering AG). These compounds bind avidly to the progesterone receptor and glucocorticoid receptor but have essentially no binding to the mineralocortocoid, oestrogen or androgen receptors. Mifepristone also binds avidly to albumin, resulting in a half-life of approximately 24 h after oral administration. Progesterone receptor antagonists can induce menstruation by a direct action upon the endometrium. They have also been shown to exert weak progesterone agonist actions in certain circumstances and to modulate pituitary hormone secretion by antagonizing the feedback actions of progesterone. Moreover, they release prostaglandin F2 alpha and E2 from human endometrium or early pregnancy decidua and reduce the metabolism of these eicosanoids. Clinically, progesterone receptor antagonists have been used in trials of menstrual regulation, abortion and induction of labour, and during treatment of breast or ovarian cancer, some forms of hypertension and meningioma. Progesterone receptor antagonists have been administered to approximately 70,000 women in 18 countries as medical abortifacients. They have been proven, especially when combined with prostaglandin analogues, to be as effective as surgical methods of termination of pregnancy. Progesterone receptor antagonists have focussed international attention on menstrual regulation, abortion and the rights of women to regulate their fertility.

Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal↗
PubMed1979

Plants used as abortifacients and emmenagogues by Spanish New Mexicans.

Individuals of Spanish and Mexican descent in New Mexico have used a number of plants as emmenagogues and abortifacients. Of the plants used, cotton root bark (Gossypium sp.), inmortal ((Asclepias capricornu Woodson), poleo chino (Hedeoma oblongifolia (Gray) Heller), rue Ruta graveolens L.), wormseed (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.), and three species of Artemesia seem to be used most widely. Of these, the cotton root bark, when used as an abortifacient, seems to exhibit the lowest toxicity. Rue is notable because of its use independently within different cultures, but may exhibit toxic side effects when used as an abortifacient. Seven other plants are outlined on the basis of anecdotal and folkloric reports. Investigations are underway to look at use effectiveness, side effects, impact on fertility, and acceptance among cultures of the Southwestern United States.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1976

Potential anti-fertility plants from Chinese medicine.

A brief review of the history of development of Chinese pharmacognosy and its application to gynecology and obstetrics is presented. An evaluation system is introduced for short-listing some potentially useful and anti-fertility plants. Twenty such plants are listed in order of priority according to our evaluation system. Brief descriptions of the botany, phytochemistry and reputed biological effects are provided. It is hoped that this article may provide an impetus for the development of new antifertility agents.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1976

Estrogen-progesterone withdrawal bleeding in diagnosis of early pregnancy.

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of an exogenous estrogen-progesterone preparation for inducing "withdrawal bleeding" in non-pregnant women, a procedure used in some areas for the diagnosis of early pregnancy. Three hundred patients not desiring to be pregnant and with no signs of pregnancy other than menses delayed by 14 days or less were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. The treatment group received an intramuscular injection of 50 mg progesterone and 3 mg oestradiol benzoate in oil. The control group received no hormonal injection. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of uterine bleeding within 7 days. Thus, the hormonal preparation was ineffective in inducing "withdrawal bleeding". Its use as a diagnostic test for pregnancy is not recommended.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1978

Very early abortion by prostaglandins.

309 women whose menstruation was delayed by 3-35 days were treated with intrauterine or vaginal prostaglandins. Of 275 confirmed pregnancies, 229 were successfully terminated without further abortifacient therapy. A successful outcome was often associated with episodes of vomiting, diarrhoea, and uterine cramps in the 24 hours after prostaglandin administration, but the incidence was related to prostaglandin dosage and gastrointestinal side-effects were more common after vaginal administration. The best results were achieved by the analogue 16:16 dimethyl P.G.E2 as a vaginal pessary. 14 patients (6.1%) required uterine curettage for escessive or prolonged bleeding, while 2 patients required blood transfusion. One patient, who had an intrauterine contraceptive device left in situ during treatment, developed acute pelvic sepsis. No deleterious side-effects occurred in 34 patients who were subsequently proven not to be pregnant at the time of treatment. Treatment by intrauterine or vaginal prostaglandins offers promise as a method of pregnancy termination which avoids much of the physical and emotional trauma associated with surgical termination, and has the advantage of not requiring hospital admission in the majority of cases. The present study shows the safety of the method, and its potential as a self-administration technique.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1977

The missed menstrual period.

The most likely cause of a missed menstrual period in a woman of childbearing age is pregnancy, stress, or the effects of the pill. If fear of pregnancy is the basis of the problem, simply reassuring the patient that menstrual extraction is available may bring spontaneous resolution.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1979

Diagnostic evaluation of progesterone. Challenge test in amenorrheic patients.

Forty-one amenorrheic patients were grouped on the basis of presence or absence of withdrawal uterine bleeding following the intramuscular administration of progesterone. Ovarian volume, ovarian morphology with particular reference to presence or absence of follicles and state of follicular development, and steroidogenic function were investigated in each group. Most of amenorrheic patients with progesterone-induced uterine bleeding had relatively large ovaries with follicles of high developmental stage (tertiary-Graafian follicle) and responded to exogenously administered HMG and HCG with a rise in the 24-hour urinary excretion of total estrogens. In contrast, most of amenorrheic patients without progesterone-induced uterine bleeding had relatively small ovaries without follicles or with follicles of low developmental stage (primordial-secondary follicle) and did not respond to exogenous HMG and HCG. The results of the present study suggest that presence or absence of progesterone-induced uterine bleeding is closely correlated with the volume, morphology and steroidogenic function of the ovary in amenornorrheic patients. Thus, pathologic amenorrhea could be divided into two groups by utilizing the progesterone challenge test and this clinical categorization might be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of amenorrheic patients.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1975

Immediate effect of prostaglandin F2alpha during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Serum luteinizing hormone, estradiol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and progesterone determinations were performed in five normally ovulating women prior to, during, and after prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha was infusion. A total of 75 mg of PGF2alpha was infused over 48 hours, beginning on the 4th day of the luteal phase. Endometrial biopsies were obtained at the completion of the infusion. In all patients, transient decreases in serum progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels were observed during PGF2alpha infusion. Subsequent rises in the serum progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels were observed 24 hours after completion of the infusion. There was no significant change in serum luteinizing hormone levels. Premature menstrual bleeding occurred with 24 to 72 hours after the termination of the infusion, while progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels were still elevated. Endometrial histology revealed focal stromal necrosis in the presence of the normal secretory endometrium. It is concluded that, in the human, PGF2alpha at this dose and time schedule is not luteolytic.

Adult↗