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Results for “Megestrol Acetate--side effects”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Non-neoplastic memmary hypertrophy in the cat associated either with pregnancy or with oral progestagen therapy.

Nine cases of mammary glandular hypertrophy in the cat are described. Three cases occurred in pregnant queens aged between six and eight months and one in an aged non-pregnant queen. The other cases were in neutered animals which had been treated with megestrol acetate for periods of between 14 months and five years. The pregnant queens were spayed and their mammae returned to normal; in the other cats the affected mammary glands were removed surgically. No recurrence occurred in seven cats in which adequate follow-up information was available. The importance of differentiating this benign lesion from mammary neoplasia is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparative studies of the ethynyl estrogens used in oral contraceptives. III. Effect on plasma gonadotropins.

Twenty-one-day treatment cycles of ethynylestradiol or mestranol at dosages of 50 to 100 mug per day were administered to 191 normal volunteer women from six cycles, followed by six cycles of this estrogen treatment combined with 2.5 mg. of norethindrone acetate, 2 mg. of megestrol acetate, or 0.5 mg. of norgestrel. The drugs were prepared to insure uniform bioavailabiltiy. Plasma FSH and LH were determined by radioimmunoasay during the last week of medication intake in each cycle. In another study, a large number of blood samples were obtained at various times during the menstrual cycle from women using IUD's (as a control population) and from women who had been taking oral contraceptives regularly for 5 to 12 years. With the various estrogen treatments, the median FSH level showed no change at any estrogen dose at the end of the first cycle. From the second cycle on, a stable, dose-related fall was obtained with the 80 or 100 mug per day doses. The addition of any of the three progestins caused a prompt, stable, further fall in FSH level. By contrast, the median LH level rose in the first cycle with all estrogen regimens, and then fell progressively in a dose-related fashion in cycles 2 to 6. The addition of a progestational agent also caused a further prompt and stable fall in LH during cycles 7 to 12. Except for a minimal indication of greater LH suppression by ethynylestradiol as compared to mestranol at 50 mug per day, all other indices and dosages showed ethynylestradiol and mestranol to be essentially equipoten under these experimental conditions. Long-term administration of oral contraceptives produced a comparable degree of gonadotropin suppression. There was a suggestion of slightly less FSH suppression with agents using 50 to 75 mug per day of estrogen than from those with 100 mug per day. Both in normal controls (IUD cycles) and in cycles under chronic treatment with oral contraceptives, pulses of both FSH and LH were seen with some frequency, at times distant from the "periovulatory" period. The significance and origin of these random FSH and LH pulses is unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Carbohydrate metabolism of Indian women taking steroid contraceptives.

Three parameters, serum glucose, insulin, and growth hormone levels, were used to measure carbohydrate metabolism in 25 women not using steroid contraceptives, 48 women using combination oral contraceptives, and 27 women using low-dose progestogen oral contraceptives. Women in the combination contraceptives group had significant modifications in the responses of all three parameters studied. A bias toward modification was also seen in the normal tests of the combination group. The low-dose progestogen, megestrol acetate, did not cause similar changes in glucose, insulin, and growth hormone values.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Comparative studies of the ethynyl estrogens used in oral contraceptives. VII. Effects with and without progestational agents on ultracentrifugally fractionated plasma lipoproteins in humans, baboons, and beagles.

Ethynyestradiol and mestranol, in doses ranging from 50 to 100 microgram/day, were given to women in 21-day cycles; baboons and beagle dogs received 1 and 4 microgram/kg/day in a similar regimen. After a number of such cycles, megestrol acetate, norethindrone acetate, or dl-norgestrel was given concomitantly. Protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid levels were determined in total plasma and in ultracentrifugally separated lipoprotein fractions. Over the dosage range studied, the effects of the two kinds of estrogen were indistinguishable. Except for human total plasma triglyceride, no dose-related differences were observed. The lowering of serum protein and the increase in cholesterol induced by estrogen were more pronounced in baboons and beagles than in human subjects. The cholesterol-depressing effect of progestational compounds observed in humans was very pronounced in baboons but absent in beagles. In all three species, estrogen increased the lipoprotein fraction cholesterol, except for human low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which was decreased. Human plasma triglyceride and phospholipid increased on estrogen administration and were decreased by the progestins; in the two animal species, triglyceride is normally very low and the estrogen-induced changes were negligible; the phospholipid rose with estrogen but was unaffected by progestins. In sum, the two animal species show many similarities to, as well as important differences from, the human response of plasma lipids to various contraceptive steroids.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Problems in evaluating chronic toxicity of contraceptive steroids in dogs.

The long-term effects of oral contraceptive steroids including a combination of norethindrone and ethynylestradiol, a sequential regimen of dimethisterone and ethynylestradiol, and daily administration of megestrol acetate were studied in female beagle dogs at dose levels of 1, 10, or 25 times the projected human dose levels. The major findings included cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra requiring hysterectomies and alopecia for the norethindrone-ethynylestradiol and dimethisterone-ethynylestradiol treated dogs. These groups did not have accentuated mammary development or treatment-related hyperplastic or neoplastic changes. For dogs given dimethisterone-ethynylestradiol, numerous acne-like lesions occurred in the skin of the mammary areas. Dogs given the higher dose levels of megestrol acetate had marked mammary stimulation, hyperplastic and neoplastic changes in the mammary glands, and clinical and pathologic changes typical of diabetes mellitus. Mammary changes of nodular hyperplasia, benign mixed tumor, and adenocarcinoma appeared as distinct entities although constant and intense mammary stimulation may be a common denominator. Such mammary changes have not been found in long-term studies in monkeys or rats with megestrol acetate, and the relevance of the canine mammary changes to projecting potential tumorigenesis in women is questioned.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1975

Megestrol acetate for estrus postponement in the bitch.

Megestrol acetate was given orally to 389 bitches in early proestrus, at a dosage of 2.2 mg/kg (1 mg/lb) per day for 8 days. Estrus was suppressed in 357 (92%) of the bitches. Additionally, 119 bitches in anestrus were given the drug at the rate of 0.55 mg/kg (0.25 mg/lb) per day for 32 days. Estrus was suppressed in 115 (98%) of these bitches. Adverse effects were minimal. Pyometra developed in 3 (0.8%) of the 389 bitches treated in early proestrus. The drug also was given to 19 bitches at the rate of 0.55 mg/kg/day for 32 days, regardless of the stage ofting at the 1st posttreatment estrus and 4 after mating at the 2nd posttreatment estrus. Litter size, success in rearing pups, and sex ratios were not significantly different from these factors in 53 litters from untreated bitches.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Multiple arterial occlusions and hypertension probably caused by an oral contraceptive: a patient in whom the development of renovascular hypertension has been followed.

An 18-year-old woman taking an oral contraceptive was admitted to hospital because of a stroke due to occlusion of three branches of the right middle cerebral artery. She later developed renovascular hypertension due to occlusion of one of two renal arteries on the right side. Occlusion of the ceoliac artery was also found. The circumstances suggest that the occlusions were caused by multiple emboli, the source of which could not be identified. The kidney with the circulatory disturbance was shown to have a persistent abnormal renin secretion three and six months after the stroke, but the peripheral renin level was lower at the second investigation. Cardiac function studies revealed an alarming degree of left ventricular hypertrophy, and satisfactory blood pressure control could not be maintained despite increasing antihypertensive therapy. Surgical corrrction of the circulatory disturbance promptly led to normotension without drugs, and the patient has remained normotensive during the postoperative observation period of twelve months. The oral contraceptive was probably responsible for precipitating the vascular occlusions, but no predisposing factors or warning symptoms were present to identify this patient as being at risk.

Adolescent↗