[Cooperation of school medicine and traditional medicine in the developing countries, an example for Sweden?].
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Nigerian traditional medical practice was a part of the empirical world traditional medicine. However, it is still with us after over 500 years of contacts with modern medical practice. It is the only form of medical are available to the majority of the Nigerian population and is also the first line of defence against disease in a great proportion of people even amongst the enlightened city dwellers and the elites. Although the Nigerian traditional healers including the herbalists are general practitioners, the more successful ones do specialise. Some of the traditional herbal treatments for common diseases as well as preventive medical practice are examined. Recommendations for future improvements in the systems are made.
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A recent paper discussed plants used in traditional medicine for fevers and malaria throughout Papua New Guinea (Holdsworth, 1975 a). This paper summarises information now available on plants used to treat gastric ailments, especially diarrhea and dysentery.
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Male domination of the traditional health care systems is well recognized. In contrast, it appears that women are a more important force in the alternative health care system, which is made up of neighborhood clinics and community health centers. A study of 17 such alternative health care centers in the San Diego area discloses that women account for almost half of the directors, all seven of the assistant directors, more than three-fourths of the clinic coordinators, and almost half (40%) of the membership of the boards of directors. Since many of the recent innovations in traditional health care derive from the alternative health care movement, the influence of women on the traditional systems may be more substantial than heretofore recognized.
BACKGROUND: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) uses genetic information to personalize medication, reducing adverse reactions and improving efficacy. Despite its promise, low public awareness and disparities in PGx acceptability among under-represented groups may exacerbate health inequalities. The objective of this study was to elucidate a British South Asian community's attitudes toward personalised prescribing. METHODS: Adults of Bangladeshi or Pakistani ancestry from the Genes & Health (G&H) study completed a survey. Community feedback guided theme prioritization. Multivariable logistic regression analyses (controlling for age and gender) explored relationships among survey variables, and case-control Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and candidate variant enrichment analysis examined the genetic architecture underlying herbal remedy use. RESULTS: Out of 553 respondents (57% female, mostly aged 25-54), 72% reported medication inefficacy, and 54% experienced side effects. Herbal remedies were widely used (66%), notably Black seed (39%), Turmeric (37%), and Ginger (36%). Participants who reported not using traditional or herbal medicines had higher medication adherence MARS-5 scores (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.10, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.05-1.16, p < 0.0002). All three commonly used herbal remedies inhibit the pharmacogenomically variable CYP2C9 enzyme responsible for metabolising commonly used medications. 58% of respondents were willing to provide DNA samples for PGx testing, yet 70% agreed that they would be more likely to take medication as instructed if PGx results suggested the medicine would suit them. Concerns about PGx testing were common (27%), especially among non-English speakers. Most (69%) were concerned about misuse of PGx data, particularly by pharmaceutical companies (82%). Importantly, 87% demanded stronger PGx data protections compared to other health data. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to a national UK population, the surveyed subpopulation reported higher rates of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and perceived medication inefficacy, yet fewer respondents indicated willingness to undergo PGx testing. This highlights the need for tailored implementation strategies and underscores the importance of engaging underrepresented populations in policy development. The inverse relationship between medication adherence and herbal remedy use indicates an association between cultural health practices and medication behaviours that merits further investigation. Increased awareness of the common use of these CYP2C9 inhibitors and further research into the genetic architecture underlying herbal remedy use are warranted.
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