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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effects of lyophilization on the infectivity of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses in bone tissue.

Recently reported qualitative experiments proved that retroviral infectivity is not destroyed by lyophilization performed on systemically infected bone and tendon. The now accomplished quantitative determination of residual infectivity for enveloped and non-enveloped viruses allows a validation of the production process regarding viral safety in freeze-dried bone transplants. The lyophilization effect on the infectivity of two non-enveloped viruses (Maus Elberfeld virus, MEV; Porcine parvovirus, PPV) and one enveloped virus (Vesicular Stomatitis virus, VSV) was examined for virus-spiked bone material in comparison to lyophilized viruses, original virus stock, and air-dried viruses. All experiments were carried out with both cell-free and cell-associated virus. Significant differences were observed regarding the reduction of virus titers (TCID50). Infectivity of VSV was reduced by about 3-4 log10 using lyophilization in presence of bone matrix and of MEV by 6-7 log10, while no substantial reduction in virus titers was observed for PPV. Lyophilization of cell-free or cell-associated virus is not sufficient to inactivate viruses completely. However, lyophilization could have an additive effect in line with other production steps used in the manufacturing process.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of Vilyuisk virus as a picornavirus.

The V-1 strain of Vilyuisk virus, isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a chronic case of encephalomyelitis in Siberia and subsequently passaged 41 times in mice, was examined to determine its serological relationship to Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) and encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus and some physicochemical characteristics of the virion. On the basis of virion size (28 nm), icosahedral symmetry, buoyant density (1.33 g/ml), sedimentation coefficient (150S), and capsid polypeptide profile, Vilyuisk virus appears to belong to the family Picornaviridae. Acute phase mouse antisera were used to study the antigenic relatedness of Vilyuisk, GDVII (the prototypic strain TMEV), and EMC viruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results indicate that Vilyuisk and GDVII viruses are similar but distant subtypes, and that Vilyuisk and EMC viruses are unrelated.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Conserved tertiary structural elements in the 5' nontranslated region of cardiovirus, aphthovirus and hepatitis A virus RNAs.

Statistical analyses of RNA folding in 5' nontranslated regions (5'NTR) of encephalomyocarditis virus, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and hepatitis A virus indicate that two highly significant folding regions occur in the 5' and 3' portions of the 5'NTR. The conserved tertiary structural elements are predicted in the unusual folding regions (UFR) for these viral RNAs. The theoretical, common structural elements predicted in the 3' parts of the 5'NTR occur in a cis-acting element that is critical for internal ribosome binding. These structural motifs are expected to be highly significant from extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Nucleotides (nt) in the conserved single-stranded polypyrimidine tract for these RNAs are involved in a distinctively tertiary interaction that is located at about 15 nt prior to the initiator AUG. Intriguingly, the proposed common tertiary structure in this study shares a similar structural feature to that proposed in human enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. Based on these common structural features, plausible base pairing models between these viral RNAs and 18 S rRNA are suggested, which are consistent with a general mechanism for regulation of internal initiation of cap-independent translation.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMed1966

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on survival of airborne Columbia SK group viruses.

Three strains of the Columbia SK (Col-SK) group of viruses [Mengo, Maus Elberfeld (ME), and Col-SK viruses] have been studied in the airborne state. All three strains were found to give identical aerosol decay patterns at 16 or 26 C, when held at the same relative humidity (RH). During the first 5 min of aerosol storage time at 16 C, virus inactivation was RH-dependent, with survival maximal at either high (greater than 80%) or low (less than 5%) RH. After 5 min at 16 C, further inactivation, regardless of RH, was insignificant. At 26 C, the effect on survival of RH between 40 and 60% was even more pronounced than at 16 C, and continued after 5 min through 6 hr. Results of this study indicated that the inactivation of airborne Col-SK group viruses was similar to that of other ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, particularly poliovirus. Since members of the Col-SK group are picornaviruses, they may well serve as an aerosol model representative of small, ether-resistant, single-stranded RNA viruses.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of the picornavirus Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus indicates that it is closely related to cardioviruses.

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV) are naturally occurring enteric pathogens of mice which constitute a separate serological group within the picornavirus family. Persistent TMEV infection in mice provides a relevant experimental animal model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. To provide information about the TMEV classification, genome organization, and protein processing map, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the TMEV genome and deduced the amino acid sequence of the polyprotein coding region. The RNA genome, which is typical of the picornavirus family, is 8,098 nucleotides long. The 5' untranslated region is 1,064 nucleotides long (making it the longest in the picornavirus family after the aphthoviruses) and lacks a poly(C) tract. Computer-generated comparison of the 5' and 3' noncoding regions and polyprotein revealed the highest level of nucleotide and predicted amino acid identity between the TMEV and the cardioviruses encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and Mengo virus. The TMEV polyprotein, which appears to be processed like EMCV since the amino acids flanking the putative proteolytic cleavage sites have been conserved, begins with a short leader peptide followed by 11 other gene products in the standard L-4-3-4 picornavirus arrangement. Because of these similarities, we propose that the TMEV be grouped with the cardioviruses. However, since TMEV and EMCV have different biophysical properties and show no cross-neutralization, they most likely belong in a separate cardiovirus subgroup.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Direct evidence that polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) is essential for internal initiation of translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA.

The requirement of PTB, polypyrimidine tract binding protein, for internal initiation of translation has been tested using an RNA affinity column to deplete rabbit reticulocyte lysates of PTB. The affinity column was prepared by coupling CNBr-activated Sepharose with the segment of the 5'-untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) RNA previously shown to bind PTB. Lysates passed through this column were devoid of PTB, and were incapable of internal initiation of translation dependent on the EMCV 5'-untranslated region, while retaining the capacity for translation dependent on ribosome scanning. Full activity for internal initiation was restored by the addition of recombinant PTB at the physiologically relevant concentration of about 5 micrograms/mL. When various PTB deletion mutants were tested, it was found that this activity required virtually the full-length protein. Thus, PTB is an essential protein for internal initiation promoted by the EMCV 5'-untranslated region. However, the PTB-depleted lysate retained the capacity for internal initiation promoted by the 5'-untranslated regions of another cardiovirus, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, and of the unrelated hepatitis C virus, and in neither case did addition of recombinant PTB stimulate internal initiation. Therefore, PTB is not a universal internal initiation factor that is indispensable in every case of internal ribosome entry.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Serological study of the incidence of murine viruses in a population of small wild rodents (Microtus pennsylvanicus Ord, 1815)].

The results of a serological survey of a free-living population of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) in Pinawa, Manitoba (Canada) showed that these animals possessed antibodies to six of the eleven viruses tested for, namely: reovirus type 3, murine encephalomyelitis agent, ectromelia virus, murine adenovirus, murine hepatitis virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. The significant increase in the number of individuals possessing specific antibodies suggests that these viruses, or related viruses, may be responsible for the decline in the population studied.

Adenoviridae↗