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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Assignment of the structural genes for the alpha subunit of hexosaminidase A, mannosephosphate isomerase, and pyruvate kinase to the region q22-qter of human chromosome 15.

Concordant segregation of the expression of the alpha subunit of human hexosaminidase A, human mannosephosphate isomerase, and pyruvate kinase was observed in somatic cell hybrids between either thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells or thymidine kinase-deficient Chinese hamster cells and human white blood cells carrying a translocation of the distal half (q 22-qter) of the long arm of chromosome 15 to chromosome 17. A positive correlation was established between the expression of these human phenotypes and the presence of the distal half of the long arm of human chromosome 15.

Carbohydrate Epimerases↗
PubMed1981

A simple procedure to obtain yeast hexokinase free of glucosephosphate isomerase and mannosephosphate isomerase.

A hexokinase preparation was obtained from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain deficient in glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) and mannosephosphate isomerase (MPI) by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. The supernatant fraction corresponding to 40-60 % saturation showed the lowest content in GPI and MPI activity. The fraction was used without further purification in the determination of glucose, either free or in a mixture with fructose and mannose. The results were similar to those obtained with pure commercial hexokinase.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1975

Chromosome assignment of some human enzyme loci: mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase to 7, mannosephosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase to 15 and probably, esterase D to 13.

Eleven independent man-mouse hybrids and 40 subclones from four to them were analysed for up to 42 enzyme markers. Nine subclones from three hybrid lines were fully karyotyped. The data presented suggest that the gene for the human enzyme MOR-M can be assigned to chromosome 7, whilst those for MPI and PK-3 are on chromosome 15. The use of a small number of well-characterized hybrids for gene assigments is discussed as well as the significance of some known human linkage relationships.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Inorganic cations mediate plant PR5 protein antifungal activity through fungal Mnn1- and Mnn4-regulated cell surface glycans.

Antimicrobial activities of many defense proteins are profoundly altered by inorganic cations, thereby controlling disease pathologies in a number of mammalian systems, such as cystic fibrosis in humans. Protein-based active defense systems in plants also are influenced by cations; however, little is known of how these cation effects are mediated. Cytotoxicity of the pathogenesis-related protein osmotin against the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae was progressively abolished by K+. By the use of S. cerevisiae mannosylation mutants, this effect was shown to require mannosephosphate residues in the cell wall. However, osmotin activity was not suppressed by even high concentrations of Ca2+. Rather, submillimolar levels of Ca2+ specifically facilitated osmotin's activity, as well as its binding to the cell surface. This effect also was dependent on mannosephosphate groups on the cell surface, and appeared to require negative charge on a portion of the osmotin protein. Results suggest that Ca2+ modulates osmotin action by facilitating its binding to the fungal cell surface, but that K+ blocks this interaction by competing for binding to mannosephosphate groups. Therefore, we have identified glycan interaction as a mechanism for antimicrobial protein activity modulation by cations, a pattern that may apply to diverse innate defense responses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Transport and catabolism of D-mannose in Rhizobium meliloti.

Rhizobium meliloti L5-30 grows on D-mannose as the sole carbon source. The catabolic pathway of D-mannose was characterized. The following activities were present: mannose transport system, mannokinase, and mannosephosphate isomerase. Several mannose-negative mutants were selected; they were classified into three functional groups: group I, mannokinase and mannosephosphate isomerase defective: group II, mannokinase defective; and group III, mannosephosphate isomerase defective. Mannose uptake was an active process, since it was inhibited by azide, dinitrophenol, and cyanide, but not by fluoride or arsenate. Growth on succinate repressed mannose uptake activity. The mannose transport system was present in all the mutants. Uptake studies showed that mannose-negative mutants did not metabolize this sugar.

Biological Transport, Active↗
PubMed1986

Mechanism of mannose toxicity.

Mannose toxicity in honeybees is due to a marked shortage of mannosephosphate isomerase that leads to a large accumulation of mannose-6-P and a marked depletion of ATP. Drosophila melanogaster and Ceratitis capitata are insensitive to mannose and have excess of mannosephosphate isomerase over hexokinase. 2-Deoxyglucose is as toxic as mannose for honeybees and is toxic also for the other insects studied, which supports the conclusion that the mechanism of mannose toxicity involves large accumulation of a hexosephosphate.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Human beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidases A and B: expression and linkage relationships in somatic cell hybrids.

Knowledge of the genetic relationships between beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidases A and B (EC 3.2.1.30) may help in understanding the hexosaminidase deficiency associated with GM(2) gangliosidosis, a fatal lipid storage disease in man. Through the use of man-mouse somatic cell hybrids we have found that a gene involved in hexosaminidase A expression was linked to the genes coding for mannosephosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase-3. The gene coding for hexosaminidase B was not linked to any of the genes coding for 25 enzyme markers tested. A combination of immunological and electrophoretic techniques was employed to identify human hexosaminidases A and B with certainty in cell hybrids. Discordant segregation of hexosaminidase A and hexosaminidase B in 60 clones indicated that the genes coding for their expression were not linked. However, hexosaminidase A was never expressed in cell hybrids in the absence of hexosaminidase B. This suggests that the gene responsible for the hexosaminidase A phenotype, linked to mannosephosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase-3, requires the presence of the gene coding for hexosaminidase B for the expression of hexosaminidase A. These observations offer a genetic explanation for the biochemical and immunological relationships between hexosaminidases A and B and provide the framework for identifying the basic genetic defects responsible for GM(2) gangliosidosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The molecular phylogenic tree of the genus Trichinella constructed from isozyme patterns.

Six zymograms were compared for extracts of muscle-stage larvae of the seven Trichinella isolates, using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The isozyme patterns of acid phosphatase among them fell into four types. T. pseudospiralis from a raccoon and the Polar strain from a polar bear formed type 1 and type 2, respectively. The Iwasaki strain from a Japanese black bear and the Yamagata strain from a raccoon dog, both from Japan, were type 3. Type 4 consisted of three remaining strains, viz. the Polish strain from a wild pig, the USA strain from a pig, and the Thai strain from a human case, all of which have similar infectivity to pigs. The isozyme patterns of esterase 1, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and peptidase were similar in types 2 and 3. Those of esterase D were common to types 2-4 but not to type 1. In the zymogram of mannosephosphate isomerase, types 2-4 but not type 1 had one common band, whereas in the other bands type 2 was markedly distinguished from types 3 and 4. In the present study, the molecular phylogenic tree was constructed for the first time on the basis of our present and previous electrophoretic data by the use of cluster analysis, and the evolutionary process was considered as follows: T. pseudospiralis (type 1) and T. spiralis (the common ancestor of types 2-4) were initially separated. Next, the common ancestor of the strains from wild carnivores (types 2 and 3) and type 4 were separated. Finally, the Polar strain (type 2) and the Japanese strain (type 3) were separated.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1986

Segregation and linkage studies of allozyme loci in pair crosses of the oyster Crassostrea virginica.

The genetic control of 11 electrophoretically detected allozyme polymorphisms in the oyster Crassostrea virginica was investigated in 10 pair crosses. For nine allozyme loci, each offspring shared at least one band (electromorph) with each parent. For the remaining two loci (mannosephosphate isomerase and leucine aminopeptidase-2), some offspring failed to share a band with one or both parents. Several lines of evidence indicated that these anomalous results were due to transmission of null alleles. There was evidence of distorted segregation at 8 of the 11 loci. The departures from the Mendelian expectations within the pair crosses might be due either to viability selection in the offspring or to gametic selection in one or both parents, although the possibility that the distortion is due to a locus linked to the allozyme locus cannot be ruled out. However, there was no evidence that heterozygosity per se had an effect on viability of offspring within a cross. Linkage analysis revealed two linkage groups, one consisting of four allozyme loci and the other consisting of three loci.

Enzymes↗
PubMed1996

Chromosome localization of the loci for PEPA, PEPB, PEPS, IDH1, GSR, MPI, PGM1, NP, SOD1, and ME1 in the common shrew (Sorex araneus).

This report extends the genetic map of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) by adding chromosome assignments for ten genes to the seven already mapped (Pack et al. 1995). A somatic cell hybrid panel was used for the mapping. The genes for peptidase A (PEPA) and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) map to chromosome de; the genes for phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), and mannosephosphate isomerase (MPI) are located on chromosome af; the genes for nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) and glutathione reductase (GSR) are on chromosome ik; and the genes for peptidase S (PEPS), malic enzyme-1 (ME1), peptidase B (PEPB) are found on chromosomes jl, go, and mp respectively.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1975

Tay-Sachs' and Sandhoff's diseases: the assignment of genes for hexosaminidase A and B to individual human chromosomes.

The techniques of somatic cell genetics have been used to establish the linkage relationships of loci coding for two forms (A and B) of hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30; 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucoside acetamidodeoxyglucohydrolase) and to determine whether a structural relationship exists between these forms. In a series of human-mouse hybrid cell lines, hexosaminidase A and B segregated independently. Our results and those reported by other investigators are used to analyze the proposed structural models for hexosaminidase. We have also been able to establish a syntenic relationship between the gene locus responsible for the expression of hexosaminidase A and those responsible for mannosephosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase-3 and to assign the gene for hexosaminidase B to chromosome 5 in man. There is thus a linkage between specific human autosomes and enzymes implicated in the production of lipid storage diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Genetic mapping in Xenopus laevis: eight linkage groups established.

Inheritance of alleles at 29 electrophoretically detected protein loci and one pigment locus (albinism) was analyzed in Xenopus laevis by backcrossing multiply heterozygous individuals generated by intersubspecies hybridization. Pairwise linkage tests revealed eight classical linkage groups. These groups have been provisionally numbered from 1 to 8 in an arbitrarily chosen order. Linkage group 1 includes ALB-2 (albumin), ADH-1 (alcohol dehydrogenase), NP (nucleoside phosphorylase), and ap (periodic albinism). Linkage group 2 contains ALB-1 and ADH-2, and probably is homeologous to group 1. Linkage group 3 comprises PEP-B (peptidase B), MPI-1 (mannosephosphate isomerase), SORD (sorbitol dehydrogenase), and mIDH-2 (mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase). Linkage group 4 contains GPI-1 (glucosephosphate isomerase) and EST-4 (esterase 4). Linkage group 5 contains GPI-2 and PEP-D (peptidase D). Linkage group 6 comprises ACP-3 (acid phosphatase), sME (cytosolic malic enzyme), and GLO-2 (glyoxalase). Linkage group 7 consists of sSOD-1 (cytosolic superoxide dismutase), GPD-2 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), mME (mitochondrial malic enzyme), and the sex determining locus. Linkage group 8 includes FH (fumarate hydratase) and TRF (transferrin). Recombination frequencies between linked loci showed differences related to the genomic constitution (parental subspecies) and to the sex of the heterozygous parent. Independent assortment was observed between the duplicate ALB loci. This is true for the duplicate ADH, GLO, and MPI loci as well, supporting the view that these genes have been duplicated as part of a genome duplication that occurred in the evolutionary history of X. laevis. Comparative analysis of genetic maps reveals a possible conservation of several linkages from the Xenopus genome to the human genome.

Albinism↗
PubMed1997

Linkage groups of protein-coding genes in western palearctic water frogs reveal extensive evolutionary conservation.

Among progeny of a hybrid (Rana shqiperica x R. lessonae) x R. lessonae, 14 of 22 loci form four linkage groups (LGs): (1) mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, carbonate dehydratase-2, esterase 4, peptidase D; (2) mannosephosphate isomerase, lactate dehydrogenase-B, sex, hexokinase-1, peptidase B; (3) albumin, fructose-biphosphatase-1, guanine deaminase; (4) mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, cytosolic malic enzyme, xanthine oxidase. Fructose-biphosphate aldolase-2 and cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase possibly form a fifth LG. Mitochondrial aconitate hydratase, alpha-glucosidase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase-2 are unlinked to other loci. All testable linkages (among eight loci of LGs 1, 2, 3, and 4) are shared with eastern palearctic water frogs. Including published data, 44 protein loci can be assigned to 10 of the 13 chromosomes in Holarctic Rana. Of testable pairs among 18 protein loci, agreement between Palearctic and Nearctic Rana is complete (125 unlinked, 14 linked pairs among 14 loci of five syntenies), and Holarctic Rana and Xenopus laevis are highly concordant (125 shared nonlinkages, 13 shared linkages, three differences). Several Rana syntenies occur in mammals and fish. Many syntenies apparently have persisted for 60-140 x 10(6) years (frogs), some even for 350-400 x 10(6) years (mammals and teleosts).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Meiotic origin of triploidy in the frog detected by genetic analysis of enzyme polymorphisms.

A female frog heterozygous at two unlinked loci, specifying electrophoretic forms of mannosephosphate isomerase (MPI) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was crossed to male frogs homozygous for different alleles at each locus. In the offspring approximately ten percent proved to be triploid according to nucleolar and chromosome counts of tail tip cells. Most of these triploids had both maternal alleles at the MDH and MPI loci suggesting that the first meiotic division was repressed. Others seemed to represent a repressed second meiotic division and one animal, a pentaploid, could only have resulted from inhibition of both meiotic divisions of the egg. Densitometer tracings of starch gels stained for 6 phosphogluconate and isocitrate dehydrogenases, expected to be heterozygous in a particular cross, demonstrated that the triploids had twice as much maternal as paternal gene product for each locus, similar to patterns found in triploids produced by nuclear transplantation.

Aneuploidy↗