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Results for “Mandibular Nerve”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Partial anastomosis between the lingual and mandibular nerves for restoration of sensibility in the mental nerve area after injury to the mandibular nerve. Case report.

A 35-year-old woman had to be operated on because of a displaced wisdom tooth combined with a follicular cyst in the right mandible. During the excision, the mandibular nerve was disrupted, and a piece about 1 cm in length was removed together with the whole specimen. Not being planned beforehand, and because of the lack of an operating microscope, the nerve repair in terms of a graft and fascicular suture was impossible. A partial anastomosis between the distal mandibular nerve stump and the lateral third of the lingual nerve recreated normal sensibility in the mental nerve area without leaving behind a sensibility defect in the tongue.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Unmyelinated nerve fibers of the human mandibular nerve.

The aim of this research is to find and to evaluate morphometorically the unmyelinated nerve fibers in the human mandibular nerve using a light microscope. Our report demonstrates for the first time the presence of the unmyelinated nerve fibers of the human mandibular nerve stained by a special method. Our results also indicate that there is a morphometric change with aging in the unmyelinated axons of the nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Efficacy of nerve growth factor in regeneration of the mandibular nerve: a preliminary report.

An experimental study evaluating the potential utility of nerve growth factor (NGF) on sensory nerve regeneration was conducted in a rabbit mandibular nerve model. In 10 animals, bilateral 7-mm nerve gaps were created and repaired with the placement of 10-mm Silastic (American Scientific Products, McGaw Park, IL) conduits into which NGF (left side) and a control solution (cytochrome C, right side) was instilled. After 90 days, the nerve repairs were removed and the two sides compared by clinical appearance, and histologic and electrophysiologic assessment. The conduits instilled with control solution failed to result in nerve regeneration in any of the animals. The conduits with NGF solution, however, consistently displayed neural connections between the proximal and distal ends with the presence of slowed, but recordable, conduction velocities. The axonal numbers in the NGF repairs were significantly less than those of the normal nerve, but when adjusted for fascicular size, the axonal densities were comparable. In addition, osteoid tissue was observed around many of the NGF-induced nerve regenerates, but not on the control solution side, suggesting a possible influence of this protein on bone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetics of articaine in mandibular nerve block].

Up to now, mandibular nerve blocks have been carried out without knowing the exact blood concentrations resulting from the use of the local anesthetics. Due to the high vascularity a rapid increase in serum local anesthetic levels is to be expected. Due to analytical problems, the literature provides controversial statements about the pharmacokinetics of articaine which is generally used for this block. The given half-life periods following intramuscular application range from 39 min [8] to 31 h [6]. For this reason, mandibular nerve blocks with 2 ml 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine were carried out in 10 awake patients and 10 patients during intubation anesthesia. RESULTS. Blood samples from peripheral veins showed an average maximum concentration of 2.1 +/- 1.3 mg/l after 12.5 +/- 2.5 min. After 8 h the value had fallen below the minimum detection limit of 0.05 mg/l. In the present study, a half-life of approximately 20 min was determined for articaine after conduction anesthesia. This local anesthetic holds an exceptional position because as an amide-type local anesthetic it contains an additional ester group that is hydrolytically metabolized in the blood. The concentration of the resulting metabolite reaches a maximum value of 2.6 +/- 1.6 mg/l after 40 to 50 min. CONCLUSIONS. Compared to other amide-type local anesthetics, whose terminal plasma half-life varies between 1 and 3.6 h [5], the value of 20 min found for articaine is very low. This is in part due to its structure, as the ester group is rapidly metabolized by plasma esterases. Because of its rapid breakdown articaine is very suitable for use in oral surgery. The HPLC method represents an uncomplicated analytical technique for the determination of local anesthetics levels in blood and other body fluids.

Carticaine↗
PubMed2003

The effect of mandibular nerve block on opioid consumption, nausea and vomiting in bilateral mandibular osteotomies.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a mandibular nerve block to placebo, in patients undergoing mandibular osteotomy surgery, regarding opioid consumption and adverse opioid induced side effects. Forty healthy individuals with a mean age of 19.7 years participated in the study. All subjects received lidocaïn 2% + adrenaline 1/80,000 versus placebo for mandibular nerve block in a randomized double-blind manner. Opioid consumption and opioid related side effect such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and respiratory depression were assessed. RESULTS: The placebo group received significantly more sufentanil during the surgical procedure than the lidocaïngroup. There were no significant differences in adverse opioid induced side effects. In the postoperative phase there was no difference in additional pain intervention between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The mandibular block during mandibular osteotomy reduces intra-operative opioid consumption but does not alternate the opioid related side-effects in the postoperative phase.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Nerve fiber analysis and age-related changes of the human mandibular nerve.

We morphometrically analyzed nerve fibers of the human mandibular nerve with a discriminative staining method that makes it possible to separate nerve fibers into myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. We counted numbers and transverse areas of myelinated axons under the microscope using an on-line image-analyzer. This study revealed the morphometric changes which affect the human mandibular nerve during the aging process.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Topographic anatomy of the lingual nerve and variations in communication pattern of the mandibular nerve branches.

We made a thorough observation of the morphology and course of the lingual nerve (LN) and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) to clarify their topographical relationships in the infratemporal fossa and in the paralingual area. Thirty-two Korean hemi-sectioned heads were dissected macroscopically and microscopically from a clinical viewpoint. On the 32 tracings on the radiograph, the average distance between the retromolar portion and the LN was 7.8 mm, and no case was found where the LN ran above the alveolar crest as passing along the mandibular lingual plate. The bifurcation of the LN and IAN was located around the mandibular notch, inferior to the otic ganglion in 66% of the cases, and a plexiform branching pattern of the mandibular nerve was observed in only two cases. The bifurcation spot of the LN and IAN was located 14.3 mm inferior to the foramen ovale and 16.5 mm superior to the tip of hamulus. Collateral nerve twigs from the LN to the retromolar area were observed in 26 cases (81.2%), with an average of one nerve twig. We observed four types of variations in terms of communication pattern. In four specimens, the mylohyoid nerve passed through the mylohyoid muscle and connected with the LN. In other four specimens, the IAN communicated with the auriculotemporal nerve. We also observed another type of variational communication between the IAN and the nerve to the lateral pterygoid (LPt); this was observed in only one specimen, and it could be predicted that motor innervation from the nerve to the LPt was transmitted via the mental nerve to the depressor anguli oris. Another type was observed where the IAN divided into two branches with the posterior branch being partially entrapped by the LPt muscle fibers.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Continuous mandibular nerve block for pain relief. A report of two cases.

PURPOSE: Mandibular nerve block allows surgery to be performed on the mandible. However, pain in the postoperative period needs to be treated with opioids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents which have undesirable side effects. We examine the feasibility of continuous mandibular nerve block with 0.25% bupivacaine top-ups using a catheter for intraoperative and postoperative pain relief in two patients with a fracture of the mandible. METHODS: Using the lateral extraoral approach, the mandibular nerve was approached with an 18-gauge indwelling iv cannula in two patients undergoing repair of a fractured mandible under general anesthesia. After removing the needle, an 18-gauge epidural catheter was inserted into the cannula which was then removed. The catheter was tunnelled subcutaneously to emerge at the lateral aspect of the forehead. Two to 4 mL bupivacaine 0.25% were injected on a 12-hr basis and the catheter was kept in place for seven days. RESULTS: Both patients had excellent pain relief and no parenteral or oral analgesics were required throughout the postoperative period. No side effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous mandibular nerve block with 2-4 mL 0.25% bupivacaine top-ups injected twice a day through a catheter provides excellent pain relief in patients with a fracture of the mandible. This method may have implications for the management of pain of other etiology in the mandibular region.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anatomic considerations in relation to the mandibular nerve block.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the length of needle that should be advanced beyond the distance to the lateral pterygoid plate to reach the mandibular nerve. METHODS: The study was conducted on patients and skulls. PATIENT STUDY: Distances from the skin at midpoint of the zygomatic arch to lateral pterygoid plate and to the point where mandibular nerve paraesthesia occurred were measured in 74 patients having mandibular nerve block for treatment of neuralgic pain. Osteologic study: Distances from the midpoint of the zygomatic arch to lateral pterygoid plate and to a probe inserted vertically into the foramen ovale were measured in 76 dry skulls. RESULTS: Patient study: The distance to the point where mandibular nerve paraesthesia occurred was more than that to lateral pterygoid plate by 0.07 cm on right and 0.11 cm on left. Osteologic study: The distance to the probe in the foramen ovale (representing mandibular nerve) was less than the distance to lateral pterygoid plate by 0.08 cm on the right and 0.07 cm on the left. CONCLUSIONS: There is no osteologic basis to advance the needle beyond the distance to the lateral pterygoid plate to reach mandibular nerve. However, because the needle may contact the nerve at variable points rather than the shortest distance to the nerve, the needle may be advanced by 0.07 cm on the right and 0.11 cm on the left side in patients. This increase is much less than that indicated in the standard textbooks. Therefore, while performing mandibular nerve block, we suggest caution in advancing the needle beyond the distance to lateral pterygoid plate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mandibular nerve block treatment for trismus associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We describe the use of mandibular nerve block for the management of bilateral trismus associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. CASE REPORT: The patient was a 65-year-old man with bilateral trismus due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Despite his impaired consciousness, we performed fluoroscopically guided bilateral mandibular nerve block. The bilateral symptoms were sufficiently improved, without obvious side effects, by injecting a local anesthetic near the right mandibular nerve and a neurolytic near the left mandibular nerve. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular nerve block may be an effective treatment for patients with bilateral trismus due to ischemic-encephalopathy, even when consciousness is impaired.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Geometric accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging of the mandibular nerve.

OBJECTIVES: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not routinely used for dental implant planning. A prerequisite for dental implant planning is the accurate imaging of risk structures like the mandibular nerve. The geometric accuracy of the imaging of the mandibular nerve was investigated. METHODS: Two human cadaver heads were scanned using MRI. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the same heads were used as a benchmark. Using a stereotactic frame, corresponding images of MRI and CT were superimposed and the concordance of the images of the mandibular nerve in MRI with those of the mandibular canal in CT was assessed. RESULTS: The geometric accuracy of the mandibular nerve in MRI was as good as that of the mandibular canal in CT imaging. CONCLUSIONS: MRI of the mandibular nerve is sufficiently accurate for the use of this imaging method in dental implant planning.

Artifacts↗
PubMed2003

Topographic anatomy of the mandibular nerve branches distributed on the two heads of the lateral pterygoid.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the topography of the nerve distribution on the two heads of the lateral pterygoid and to clarify their morphological-functional correlations. The nerve distribution on the lateral pterygoid was studied in 24 hemi-sectioned heads. Both heads of the lateral pterygoid were innervated from the mandibular nerve branches, but with various nerve distribution patterns. The nerves innervating the superior head of the lateral pterygoid originated from the buccal nerve only in 45.8% of cases. In contrast, the nerves innervating the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid originated from both the buccal and mandibular nerve trunk in 58.3% of cases. In the seven distribution categories of the mandibular nerve branches, both the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid had a common source of nerve innervation in only 20.8% of cases, the buccal nerve. In contrast, in 45.9% of cases, additional nerve twigs from the mandibular nerve trunk were distributed on the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid. In summary, besides the buccal nerve described in anatomy textbooks, the nerve branches that originated directly from the mandibular nerve trunk innervated the lateral pterygoid.

Aged↗