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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Cytogenetics of malignant epithelial cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines from nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The malignant epithelial cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and cells of lines derived form the lymphoid cells which infiltrate this tumour have been investigated cytogenetically. Chromosome spreads of lymphoblastoid cells of lines established from 7 different NPC biopsy specimens were examined after banding staining. Banding was also applied to the epithelial tumour cells of 5 further biopsy specimens freed from non-malignant infiltrating cells by passage through nude mice; epithelial cell spreads were obtained by in vivo splindle arrest. Five of the lymphoblastoid lines were found to be diploid, and 2 tetraploid; the karyotypes were essentially normal. The squamous epithelial nature of the cells in the nude-mouse-grown NPC tumours was established by light and electronmicroscopy, and 3 tumours were found to be near-triploid, and 2 near-diploid. The cells of the near-triploid tumours contained grossly abnormal chromosomes but those of the near-diploid tumours showed only relatively minor changes. Although abnormalities were observed which were specific for cells from each individual tumour, no discernible change was common to cells from all the tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cytogenetic observations on the malignant epithelial cells and infiltrating lymphocytes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Because of the presence of a No 14 chromosome marker abnormality in EB virus-carrying cells from African Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) but not from other origins, and the association of EB virus with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) as well as BL, both the malignant epithelial cells and the non-malignant lymphoid cells of NPC have been investigated cytogenetically. Chromosome spreads from seven NPC-derived lymphoblastoid lines were examined after banding; five lines were diploid and two were tetraploid. No consistent no. 14 chromosome abnormalities were found. Apart from a secondary constriction near the centromere of both no. 1 chromosomes in all cells of one diploid line, no consistent significant abnormalities were seen. Five NPC tumours, freed of infiltrating lymphoid cells by passage through nude mice, were similarly examined after spindle arrest in vivo. Two tumours were near-diploid, and three were hypo-tetraploid. Near-diploid cells had only minor chromosomal changes, but the hypotetraploid spreads from all tumours showed gross changes of uncertain origin, including frequent, major translocations. No. 14 chromosome marker changes were not seen, and there was no other consistent pattern of abnormality in tumour cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Biological and biochemical observations on isolates of EB virus from the malignant epithelial cells of two nasopharyngeal carcinomas.

Foetal, adult seronegative, and cotton-top marmoset lymphocytes have been transformed into cell lines by EB virus from the malignant epithelial cells of two nasopharyngeal carcinomas. The nature of the cell lines was checked by karyotyping and by light and electron microscopy, and the presence of the EB virus genome was demonstrated by immunofluorescence tests. Immunofluorescence also showed the incidence of EB virus-producing cells in each line and this was checked by electron microscopy and the use of a lymphocyte transformation assay. Two foetal-derived lines did not produce virus spontaneously, could not be activated with various inducers, and were found by DNA reassociation kinetics to carry only small numbers of genome copies per cell. An adult-derived line produced virus, could be activated to produce more, and provided enough infectivity to transform marmoset cells. The resulting marmoset line made profuse transforming virus; it thus provides the first abundant source of NPC-derived infectious EB virus for comparative studies. The results are discussed in relation to the interactions with comparable target cells of EB virus from normal individuals and from patients with other diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen in malignant epithelial cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Tumor tissue from lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was successfully heterotransplanted into an athymic nude mouse and the tumor grown in the nude mouse was identical in its morphology to that form the patient by optical and electron microscopy. Tumor cells at passage 2 were dispersed in vitro by enzymic digestion and smeared. Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) was demonstrated in malignant epithelial cells of the smear.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Multi-omics Approaches to CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Beta in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Crosstalk Between Tumor Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages Driving Disease Progression.

BACKGROUND: CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Beta (CEBPB) is an important transcription factor that regulates tumor progression. However, the mechanism by which CEBPB regulates the progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) remains incompletely understood. Tumor progression depends on complex intercellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of CEBPB in interactions between OSCC cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. METHODS: Bulk RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and scRNA-seq data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The HOMER algorithm was employed to identify enhancers and predict the CEBPB-binding motif. Cell cluster analysis, functional enrichment, and intercellular interaction analysis were performed using the "Seurat" R package. H3K27ac enrichment at GAS6 enhancers was validated by ChIP-qPCR. Metastatic OSCC cells with CEBPB knockdown or GAS6 overexpression were established and co-cultured with THP-1 cells. IL-10 and IL-6 secretion from co-cultured THP-1 cells was detected via ELISA. Chemotaxis of OSCC cells toward THP-1 cells was assessed through a Transwell assay. RESULTS: CEBPB was upregulated in OSCC and correlated with poor prognosis. By integrating H3K27ac ChIP-seq and bulk RNA-seq data, 131 CEBPB-regulated enhancer-controlled genes were identified in lymph node metastatic OSCC cells. scRNA-seq analysis revealed eight major cell clusters in primary foci and lymph node metastases, including T/NK cells, malignant epithelial cells, B/plasma cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and mast cells, with the malignant epithelial cells stratified into distinct sub-clusters. CEBPB expression was elevated in malignant epithelial cells of lymph node metastases compared to primary foci. Furthermore, 15 pairs of enhanced ligand-receptor interactions were identified in lymph node metastases relative to primary foci. GAS6 was a CEBPB-regulated enhancer-controlled gene, primarily mediating interactions between malignant cells and macrophages. CEBPB knockdown in metastatic OSCC cells significantly impaired their chemotaxis toward cocultured THP-1 cells, and downregulated IL-10/IL-6 secretion and CD206 expression in cocultured THP-1 cells. Conversely, GAS6 overexpression reversed these inhibitory effects. CONCLUSION: CEBPB activated GAS6 transcription in metastatic OSCC cells. The CEBPB/ GAS6 axis in metastatic OSCC cells enhanced their chemotaxis toward macrophages and promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages, thereby facilitating the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

EBV specific secretory IgA in saliva of NPC patients. Presence of secretory piece in epithelial malignant cells.

Saliva samples from 59 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and from 20 normal individuals were studied to determine the nature and origin of the EBV-specific IgA in NPC saliva. About 50% of NPC saliva samples contained secretory IgA specific for EBV. The corresponding tumor IgA(alpha) was found in plasma cells surrounding the epithelial tumor cells and the secretory piece at the surface of epithelial cells. A slightly higher proportion of NPC saliva samples containing IgA was found in patients from Tunis than in samples from Hong Kong. Attention is drawn to the clinical value of the salivary IgA in diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of NPC.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1977

[Short and long term behaviour of pleural effusion cultures. (Report of 200 cases) (author's transl)].

Pleural effusions from 200 patients with benign or malignant pleural involvement have been cultured in vitro and observed from 48 hours to 9 months. The morphology and "social behavior" of the different types of cells are described. Mesothelial cells settle down quickly and come into contact with each other by long cytoplasmic processes. The tendency of epithelial malignant cells is to clump and grow in clusters. These "balls" of varying size are freed into the culture medium. Similar clusters may be found in benign effusions showing mesothelial hyperplasia. In case of malignant primary tumor of the pleura, the morphology of cultured cells is similar to that of mesothelial cells. In 3 cases, typical malignant epithelial cells have allowed us to discard the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. Discrepancies between conventional cytology and cell culture were found in 13 cases: in 6 cases, positive for malignant cells using conventional cytology, cell culture was negative. In 7 cases with negative routine techniques, cell culture disclosed malignant cells. Large multinucleated syncytia were observed in 15 cultures. They suggest a cytopathic effect similar to that seen in myxovirus infected cells. Correlation with the etiology of pleural effusions in these cases is described.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1979

Premalignancy in vitro: progression of an initially benign epithelial cell line to malignancy.

An epithelial cell line, NMuLi, derived from normal mouse liver, produced a variety of tumours when inoculated s.c. into newborn mice. The inoculation of early-passage cells resulted in cystadenomas and proliferating cysts, while adenocarcinomas and carcinosarcomas were produced from cells that had been extensively subcultured. To determine the mechanism involved in the progression to malignancy, single-cell clones were isolated from early- and late-passage NMuLi cells. When inoculated into mice, early-passage clones were similar to the original population in that they initially formed benign cysts but produced increasingly aberrant tumours after extensive subculture. Inoculation of the late-passage clones resulted in only malignant tumours. These observations suggest that passage in culture induced an initially benign epithelial cell population to progress toward malignancy; thus early passage NMuLi cells represent a good in vitro model of the premalignant state.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Growth of normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells in culture.

Normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells were placed in culture. Normal cells were recovered from late-lactation milk and breast fluids, and malignant cells were isolated from primary breast tumors by collagenase digestion. The concentration of cells obtained from breast fluid samples was inversely proportional to the volume of fluid secreted. Most of these cells adhered rapidly to the substrate, did not replicate, displayed Fc receptor-dependent phagocytic activity, and were thus identified as macrophages. The remaining cells grew out into large islands comprised of one or two distinct morphologic types of mammary epithelial cells. Optimum growth of these cells was obtained in medium buffered to pH 6.8, and the epidermal growth factor markedly prolonged the exponential growth phase of the cells. Two morphologically distinct populations of epithelial cells were also observed in cultures established from individual breast tumors. Growth of the malignant cells was relatively unaffected by the pH of the culture medium, and the cells were unresponsive to exogenously added hormones. Overgrowth of malignant epithelial cells in primary cultures by stromal fibroblasts was retarded by replacement of standard growth medium with fresh medium containing a serum substitute; growth of the malignant epithelial cells was unaffected. A feeder layer of mitomycin C-treated human fibroblasts increased the plating efficiency of both normal and malignant cells in primary culture and also facilitated passage of these cells to secondary and tertiary cultures.

Breast↗
PubMed1978

Concanavalin A-mediated hemadsorption by normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells.

The concanavalin A (Con A) reactivity of malignant and normal human mammary epithelial cells in culture was determined with a hemadsorption assay. Human erythrocytes were treated with various concentrations of Con A, and these indicator Red Blood Cells were incubated with the test cells in situ in culture dishes. The Con A concentration at which approximately 50% of the test cells adsorbed erythrocytes ([Con a] 1/2 max) was determined. Five malignant epithelial cell lines and the primary cultures derived from 3 pleural effusions and 20 solid tumors were tested. Primary cultures of normal epithelial cells were established from human milk samples obtained from 3 separate donors. The average [Con A] 1/2 max value for the 5 cell lines and the pleural effusion cultures was 6 and 5 microgram/ml, respectively. The average [Con A] 1/2 max value for the 20 solid breast tumors was 20 microgram/ml. In contrast to the malignant cells, normal mammary epithelial cells did not adsorb erythrocytes coated with as much as 100 microgram Con A per ml. These results show that Con A reactivity distinguishes normal from malignant human mammary epithelial cells.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Microfilaments in human epithelial cancer cells.

The occurence, distribution, and ultrastructural morphology of microfilaments in malignant epithelial cells of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of human oral cavity were studied by electron microscopy. The findings are compared with those in malignant oral epithelial cells of carcinoma-in-situ. In the malignant cells of invasive carcinoma, microfilaments 50-70 A in diameter are prominent in the cortical cytoplasm of the lateral and basal cell surfaces, adjacent and parallel to the plasma membrane, and extending into cell processes and microvillous extensions. Additional microfilaments are found to run from the peripheral cytoplasm to the perinuclear region. The microfilaments are aggregated into bundles aligned parallel to the long axis of the cell and display foci of increased electron density. They also tend to be aggregated into complex polygonal arrays. These microfilaments are similar in organization, concentration and ultrastructural architecture to those of various other nonmuscle cells, where they are thought to be capable of contraction and associated with cell motility. The presence of a microfilament system believed to be associated with contractile and motile cell processes may be an important characteristic of malignant cells of invasive tumors. The lack of abundant organized microfilaments in malignant cells in the absence of tumor invasion, and the presence of a prominent microfilament system in cells of invasive tumors, suggest that the microfilaments are related to the invasive properties of malignant tumor cells.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1978

Identification of cultured, human, malignant, prostatic epithelial cells.

Identification of cloned cells is necessary for experimentation with them. This paper details a method for the identification of cultured human malignant prostatic epithelial cells derived from metastatic deposits of prostate cancer by localization of a specific rabbit antiserum to human prostatic acid phosphatase in the cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Cytotoxicity of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine in dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinomas of rat colon.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given weekly s.c. injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (21 mg/kg) for 20 weeks. The injections were then discontinued, and, after an interval of 2 to 8 weeks, experimental animals were given i.p. injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6DHT) at a dose of 40 mg/kg and sacrificed at intervals of 1, 2, 6, 16, and 48 hr later. Specimens of descending colon and carcinomas of the descending or transverse colon from sacrificed animals were examined using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that 5,6DHT at a dose of 40 mg/kg is cytotoxic to malignant colonic epithelial cells but not cytotoxic to adjacent nonmalignant colonic epithelial cells. In malignant colonic epithelial cells, ultrastructural changes in cytoplasmic membranes and mitochondria were evident at 1 hr after 5,6DHT treatment. At 6 hr after 5,6DHT treatment, light microscopy of sections of tumor showed areas of cell necrosis and disrupted tumor morphology. Sections of specimens taken 16 hr after treatment showed widespread destruction of malignant cells.

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed2026

Malignant epithelial states drive immune dysfunction in ampulla of Vater carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Ampulla of Vater (AoV) carcinoma is a rare malignancy arising at the junction of intestinal and pancreatobiliary epithelium. Its heterogeneous clinical behavior and histological diversity have hindered therapeutic advances, and the cellular basis of this heterogeneity remains unclear. We aimed to construct a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of AoV carcinoma, with a focus on identifying epithelial subtypes and their interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on eight primary AoV tumors and four matched normal tissues. Comprehensive clustering and transcriptomic analyses identified cell-type composition, epithelial heterogeneity, and tumor-immune interactions. Findings were validated using deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq data from 62 AoV carcinoma patients. Results Malignant epithelial cells were categorized into four distinct subtypes: Int-Wnt, PB-KRAS, Int-Hypoxia, and Cycling stage. PB-KRAS cells exhibited stem-like transcriptional programs and high genomic instability. Deconvolution analysis of bulk RNA-seq data from the independent AoV cohort revealed that enrichment of the PB-KRAS subtype correlated with tumor recurrence and poor survival. Our immune profiling analysis discovered a significant association between PB-KRAS subtype and GZMK+ CD8+ T cells, which are in a pre-dysfunctional state, alongside SPP1+ macrophages exhibiting immunosuppressive traits. Spatial transcriptome data further supports the immunosuppressive natures of TME around PB-KRAS subtype malignant epithelial cells in AoV carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Our study presents a single-cell atlas of AoV carcinoma, highlighting the molecular diversity of malignant epithelium and its association with the immune microenvironment. The PB-KRAS subtype emerges as a stem-like, immunosuppressive tumor state associated with poor prognosis, providing insights for future therapeutic targeting.

Ampulla of Vater carcinoma↗
PubMed2026

Lactylation-related immune-metabolic dysregulation defines prognostic and therapeutic stratification in lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Lactylation links lactate metabolism with inflammatory signaling and immune regulation in tumors. However, its cellular distribution and translational value in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. METHODS: Single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets GSE189357 and GSE171145 were integrated to characterize lactylation-related activity, intercellular communication, and malignant epithelial cell states in LUAD. Single-cell-derived lactylation-related differentially expressed genes were mapped to TCGA-LUAD and multiple GEO cohorts. Univariate Cox regression and machine learning algorithms were used to construct a lactylation-related prognostic signature (LRPS). The associations of LRPS with prognosis, immunotherapy response, drug sensitivity, genomic alterations, immune infiltration, and inflammation- and metabolism-related pathways were evaluated. KRT7 was further validated using virtual knockout analysis, spatial transcriptomics, and in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS: lactylation-related transcriptional activity showed heterogeneous distribution across LUAD cell populations and was associated with altered cell-cell communication. In malignant epithelial cells, LRTS-high and LRTS-low states exhibited distinct metabolic, inflammatory, and tumor-related pathway activities. LRPS showed stable prognostic performance in TCGA-LUAD and multiple GEO cohorts and remained an independent prognostic factor. Low LRPS was associated with greater potential benefit from immunotherapy, whereas different LRPS groups displayed distinct drug sensitivity, genomic alteration, and immune microenvironment patterns. KRT7 was highly expressed in LUAD and associated with poor prognosis. KRT7 knockdown suppressed LUAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation, and tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies lactylation-related immune-metabolic dysregulation as a clinically relevant feature of LUAD and develops a single-cell-guided LRPS for prognosis and therapeutic stratification. KRT7 emerged as an LRPS-related functional candidate with experimentally supported roles in malignant LUAD phenotypes.

Immunotherapy↗
PubMed1975

"Living cytology" in the diagnosis of intraabdominal adenocarcinoma.

Cytologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma metastatic to the peritoneal surface is often hampered by the difficulty of differentiating between reactive mesothelial cells and macrophages from malignant epithelial cells by light microscopy. With in vitro tissue culture technics, the fibroblastic dedifferentiation of mesothelial cells facilitates the recognition of residual neoplastic epithelial cells. Ascitic fliid from 18 patients who ultimately had histologic documentation of intraabdominal adenocarcinomatosis was studied by tissue culture technics. In 15 of the 18 patients, small islets of replicating tumor cells could be identified after the mesothelial cells had dedifferentiated into fibroblasts. With one exception the average time between collection of the specimen and recognition of adenocarcinoma was 6 days. In 14 cases, a definitive diagnosis of malignancy was made by cytologic analysis.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗