Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Magnoliopsida”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Description, distribution, activity and phylogenetic relationship of ribosome-inactivating proteins in plants, fungi and bacteria.

Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins (RIPs) are enzymes that trigger the catalytic inactivation of ribosomes and other substrates. They are present in a large number of plants and have been found also in fungi, algae and bacteria. RIPs are currently classified as type 1, those formed by a single polypeptide chain with the enzymatic activity, and type 2, those formed by 2 types of chains, i.e. A chains equivalent to a type 1 RIPs and B chains with lectin activity. Type 2 RIPs usually contain the formulae A-B, (A-B)2 and less frequent (A-B)4 and polymeric forms of type 2 RIPs lectins. RIPs are broadly distributed in plants, and are present also in fungi, bacteria, at least in one alga; recently RIP-type activity has been described in mammalian tissues. The highest number of RIPs has been found in Caryophyllaceae, Sambucaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Phytolaccaceae and Poaceae. However there are no systematic screening studies to allow generalisations about occurrence. The most known activity of RIPs is the translational inhibitory activity, which seems a consequence of a N-glycosidase on the 28 S rRNA of the eukaryotic ribosome that triggers the split of the A(4324) (or an equivalent base in other ribosomes), which is key for translation. This activity seems to be part of a general adenine polynucleotide glycosylase able to act on several substrates other than ribosomes, such as tRNA, mRNA, viral RNA and DNA. Other enzymatic activities found in RIPs are lipase, chitinase and superoxide dismutase. RIPs are phylogenetically related. In general RIPs from close families share good amino acid homologies. Type 1 RIPs and the A chains of type 2 RIPs from Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) are closely related. RIPs from Liliopsida (monocotyledons) are at the same time closely related and distant from Magnoliopsida. Concerning the biological roles played by RIPs there are several hypotheses, but the current belief is that they could play significant roles in the antipathogenic (viruses and fungi), stress and senescence responses. In addition, roles as antifeedant and storage proteins have been also proposed. Future research will approach the potential biological roles played by RIPs and their use as toxic effectors in the construction of immunotoxins and conjugates for target therapy.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2004

The chloroplast genome of Nymphaea alba: whole-genome analyses and the problem of identifying the most basal angiosperm.

Angiosperms (flowering plants) dominate contemporary terrestrial flora with roughly 250,000 species, but their origin and early evolution are still poorly understood. In recent years, molecular evidence has accumulated suggesting a dicotyledonous origin of monocots. Phylogenetic reconstructions have suggested that several dicotyledonous groups that include taxa such as Amborella, Austrobaileya, and Nymphaea branch off as the most basal among angiosperms. This has led to the concept of monocots, "eudicots," "basal dicots," and "ANITA" groupings. Here, we present the sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the chloroplast DNA of Nymphaea alba. Phylogenetic analyses of our 14-species data set, consisting of 29,991 aligned nucleotide positions per chloroplast genome, revealed consistent support for Nymphaea being a divergent member of a monophyletic dicot assemblage. Three distinct angiosperm lineages were supported in the majority of our phylogenetic analyses-eudicots, Magnoliopsida, and monocots. However, the monocot lineage leading to the grasses was the deepest branching. Although analyses of only one individual gene alignment (out of 61) is consistent with some recently proposed hypotheses for the paraphyly of dicots, we also report observations that nine genes do not support paraphyly of dicots. Instead, they support the basal monocot-dicot split. Consistent with this finding, we also report observations suggesting that the monocot lineage leading to the grasses has the strongest phylogenetic affinity to gymnosperms. Our findings have general implications for studies of substitution model specification and analyses of concatenated genome data.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Distribution of isoflavonoids in non-leguminous taxa - an update.

Common emphasis of the fact that isoflavonoids are characteristic metabolites of leguminous plants sometimes leads to overlooking that the presence of isoflavonoids has been reported in several dozen other families. The spectrum of isoflavonoid producing taxa includes the representatives of four classes of multicellular plants, namely the Bryopsida, the Pinopsida, the Magnoliopsida and the Liliopsida. A review, recently published by Reynaud et al. [Reynaud, J., Guilet D., Terreux R., Lussignol M., Walchshofer N., 2005. Isoflavonoids in non-leguminous families: an update. Nat. Prod. Rep. 22, 504-515], provided listing of 164 isoflavonoids altogether reported in 31 non-leguminous angiosperm families. In this contribution we complement the abovementioned inventory bringing the references on further 17 isoflavonoid producing families and on additional 49 isoflavonoids reported to occur in non-leguminous plants.

Fabaceae↗
PubMed1999

A method to assess taxonomic variation in shoot caesium concentration among flowering plants.

A method was developed to obtain relative shoot caesium (Cs) concentration data from the literature and assess the influence of plant taxonomy on these values. A residual maximum likelihood (REML) analysis was performed on data from 14 published studies, after these data were log-transformed to adjust for between-study differences in means and variances. There were two orders of magnitude difference between the lowest and highest relative shoot Cs concentration of the 136 taxa. Hierarchical nested analysis of variance revealed more than 40% of the variation in relative shoot Cs concentration was at the level of family or above. Dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida) had three-fold higher mean relative shoot Cs concentrations than monocotyledons (Liliopsida) whilst differences were also observed at lower taxonomic levels. The Caryophyllidae had the highest mean relative shoot Cs concentration among superorders; this group of plants contains many halophyte taxa and crop derivatives (e.g. beets, quinoas, buckwheats and amaranths). This method could inform soil-to-plant Cs transfer models and identify taxa with high Cs accumulation patterns that may have phytoremediation potential. The method reported could be used to study the accumulation of other elements in plants.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from desiccated Tortula ruralis identify a large number of novel plant genes.

The desiccation-tolerant moss Tortula ruralis [Hedw.] Gaerten., Meyer & Scherb. has both a constitutive protection system and an active rehydration induced recovery mechanism apparently unique to bryophytes. Immediately following rehydration, desiccated T.ruralis gametophytes produce a set of polypeptides whose synthesis is unique to the rehydrated state. We report the construction of a cDNA expression library from the polysomal mRNA of desiccated gametophytes and the single-pass sequencing of randomly selected clones. 152 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated representing more than 60,000 bp of non-redundant DNA sequence. 44 ESTs (29%) demonstrated significant homology to previously identified nucleotide and/or polypeptide sequences, such as ribosomal proteins, desiccation-related peptides, early light-inducible proteins and a V-type ATPase. Analysis of a subset of these homologous ESTs reveals that codon preference in T.ruralis is similar to that of vascular plants, particularly the Magnoliopsida. 108 ESTs (71%) demonstrated no significant homology to deposited sequences and represent a large number of novel plant genes. Analysis of these ESTs will define the range of genes involved in cellular repair and recovery and may provide greater insight to the complex phenotype of vegetative desiccation-tolerance.

Bryopsida↗
PubMed1990

Codon usage in higher plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria.

Codon usage is the selective and nonrandom use of synonymous codons by an organism to encode the amino acids in the genes for its proteins. During the last few years, a large number of plant genes have been cloned and sequenced, which now permits a meaningful comparison of codon usage in higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. For the nuclear and organellar genes of these organisms, a small set of preferred codons are used for encoding proteins. Codon usage is different for each genome type with the variation mainly occurring in choices between codons ending in cytidine (C) or guanosine (G) versus those ending in adenosine (A) or uridine (U). For organellar genomes, chloroplastic and mitochrondrial proteins are encoded mainly with codons ending in A or U. In most cyanobacteria and the nuclei of green algae, proteins are encoded preferentially with codons ending in C or G. Although only a few nuclear genes of higher plants have been sequenced, a clear distinction between Magnoliopsida (dicot) and Liliopsida (monocot) codon usage is evident. Dicot genes use a set of 44 preferred codons with a slight preference for codons ending in A or U. Monocot codon usage is more restricted with an average of 38 codons preferred, which are predominantly those ending in C or G. But two classes of genes can be recognized in monocots. One set of monocot genes uses codons similar to those in dicots, while the other genes are highly biased toward codons ending in C or G with a pattern similar to nuclear genes of green algae. Codon usage is discussed in relation to evolution of plants and prospects for intergenic transfer of particular genes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Autonomous transposition of the tobacco retrotransposon Tto1 in rice.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco retrotransposon Tto1, one of the few active retrotransposons of plants, was determined. The sequence analysis suggests that Tto1 carries all functions required for autonomous transposition through reverse transcription. Gene organization and the nature of the transcription product suggest that Tto1 uses a gene expression mechanism different from those employed by retroviruses and most retrotransposons to regulate Gag and Pol stoichiometry. Tto1 was introduced into rice to study its autonomous transposition in heterologous hosts. Transcription and transposition of Tto1 were observed in rice cells. To probe the autonomous transposition through reverse transcription, a modified Tto1 retrotransposon in which part of a reverse transcriptase gene was replaced with an intron-containing hygromycin resistance gene was constructed and introduced into rice cells. Loss of the intron was observed only when intact Tto1 was cotransfected. These results indicate that Tto1 can transpose autonomously through reverse transcription and that the host factors required for transposition are conserved among monocots (class Magnoliopsida; rice) and dicots (class Liliopsida; tobacco), which diverged approximately 200 million years ago. These findings are discussed in relation to the regulation and evolution of retrotransposons and the possible use of Tto1 as a molecular genetic tool.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2024

The genome sequence of the English holly, Ilex aquifolium L. (Aquifoliaceae).

We present a genome assembly from an individual Ilex aquifolium (the English holly; Eudicot; Magnoliopsida; Aquifoliales; Aquifoliaceae). The genome sequence is 800.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 20 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The assembled mitochondrial and plastid genomes have lengths of 538.43 kilobases and 157.52 kilobases in length, respectively.

Aquifoliales↗
PubMed2025

The genome sequence of Greek sea-spurrey, Spergularia bocconei (Scheele) Graebn. (Caryophyllaceae).

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Spergularia bocconei (Greek sea-spurrey; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Caryophyllales; Caryophyllaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 466.20 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules suggesting the individual is an allotetraploid (2 n = 4 x = 36). The mitochondrial and plastid genome assemblies have lengths of 327.07 kilobases and 152.41 kilobases, respectively.

Boccone's sea-spurrey↗
PubMed2026

The genome sequence of Cardamine flexuosa With., 1796 (Brassicales: Brassicaceae).

We present a genome assembly of Cardamine flexuosa (Wavy Bitter-cress; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Brassicales; Brassicaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 204.54 megabases. Most of the assembly (97.53%) is scaffolded into 8 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial sequence has a length of 299.98 kilobases and the plastid genome assembly has a length of 153.92 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 24 305 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Brassicales↗
PubMed2026

The genome sequence of Euphorbia lathyris L., 1753 (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae).

We present a genome assembly of Euphorbia lathyris (caper spurge; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Malpighiales; Euphorbiaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1 020.39 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.88%) is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial sequences have lengths of 886.36, 41.02, 86.31 and 32.73 kilobases and the plastid genome assembly has a length of 163.75 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 26 361 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Euphorbia lathyris↗
PubMed2026

The genome sequence of Carex sylvatica Huds., 1762 (Poales: Cyperaceae).

We present a genome assembly of Carex sylvatica (Wood-sedge; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Poales; Cyperaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 363.24 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.79%) is scaffolded into 29 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial sequences have lengths of 1715.64, 74.78 and 77.37 kilobases and the plastid genome assembly has a length of 215.14 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Carex sylvatica↗
PubMed2026

The genome sequence of Prunus padus L., 1753 (Rosales: Rosaceae).

We present a genome assembly of Prunus padus (bird cherry; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Rosales; Rosaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 454.49 megabases. Most of the assembly (97.36%) is scaffolded into 16 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial sequences have lengths of 280.28 and 155.92 kilobases and the plastid genome assembly has a length of 158.96 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Prunus padus↗
PubMed2026

The genome sequence of Gnaphalium uliginosum L., 1753 (Asterales: Asteraceae).

We present a genome assembly of Gnaphalium uliginosum (marsh cudweed; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Asterales; Asteraceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 354.38 megabases. Most of the assembly (98.86%) is scaffolded into 7 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial sequence has a length of 195.0 kilobases and the plastid genome assembly has a length of 152.8 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 24 149 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Asterales↗
PubMed2026

The genome sequence of Vicia sativa L., 1753 (Fabales: Fabaceae).

We present a genome assembly of Vicia sativa (Narrowleaf Vetch; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Fabales; Fabaceae). The assembly consists of two haplotypes with total lengths of 1 748.92 megabases and 1 751.13 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (98.95%) is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial sequence has a length of 405.76 kilobases and the plastid genome assembly has a length of 124.62 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 11 105 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Fabales↗
PubMed2026

The genome sequence of Quercus cerris L., 1753 (Fagales: Fagaceae).

We present a genome assembly of Quercus cerris (Turkey oak; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Fagales; Fagaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 777.39 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.89%) is scaffolded into 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial sequences have lengths of 380.47 and 15.0 kilobases and the plastid genome assembly has a length of 161.2 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 25 805 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Fagales↗
PubMed2026

The genome sequence of Acaena ovalifolia Ruiz & Pav., 1798 (Rosales: Rosaceae).

We present a genome assembly of Acaena ovalifolia (Two-spined Acaena; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Rosales; Rosaceae). The assembly consists of two haplotypes with total lengths of 687.12 megabases and 687.19 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.59%) is scaffolded into 21 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Most of haplotype 2 (99.12%) is scaffolded into 21 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial sequence has a length of 365.03 kilobases and the plastid genome assembly has a length of 156.05 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 51 813 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Acaena ovalifolia↗
PubMed2026

The genome sequence of Schoenoplectus triqueter (L.) Palla, 1888 (Poales: Cyperaceae).

We present a genome assembly of Schoenoplectus triqueter (Triangular Club-rush; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Poales; Cyperaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 580.26 megabases. Most of the assembly (98.75%) is scaffolded into 21 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Five mitochondrial sequences and the plastid genome were also assembled. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 31 746 protein-coding genes. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces reference genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Poales↗