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Results for “Macroeconomic Factors--statistics”

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PubMed1988

Hong Kong.

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Asia↗
PubMed1990

The impact of taxation on the distribution of wealth in an economy with changing population.

The authors examine the determinants of the personal distribution of income and wealth using an overlapping generations model in which all individuals are assumed to be identical except for their inherited wealth. "It is shown that, in general, higher tax rates reduce distributive inequality as long as the rate of interest is exogenously given. In steady state, however, where the rate of interest is determined endogenously, increasing taxation and higher social security payments both diminish the capital labor ratio so that the rate of interest rises. If this interest effect is strong enough then it may outbalance the tendency toward more equality because higher interest rates enhance initial differences in the distribution of both income and wealth and, eventually, the inequality in the distribution of income and wealth in the society." The geographical focus is on developed countries.

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1990

Unemployment and marital dissolution.

"This paper analyses the effects of unemployment on the probability of marital dissolution. Based on panel data for a sample of Danish married couples, we estimate a dynamic model for the probability of marital dissolution where we take into account the possible effects of unemployment for both spouses. We also control for other factors such as education, age, presence of children, place of residence, health and economic factors. The empirical results show that unemployment seems to be an important factor behind marital instability. However, only unemployment of the husband has an effect, and this effect is immediate."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Wage differentials due to gender.

"In this paper, a longitudinal data set covering 5% of all Danish wage earners over a 9-year period is used to shed light on the observed wage differentials due to gender. A human capital model is used to isolate the effects of changes in experience, schooling and unemployment, together with other factors.... Despite the observation from macro statistics that women have had the highest observed increases in wage rates, the models show that this increase is mainly due to an improvement in their background characteristics and that men still receive a higher return to their characteristics. The main difference between genders appears to be that female workers do not, in general, get any return to their experience. The estimates also show negative effects on the wage rate of previous spells of unemployment."

Demography↗
PubMed1992

The timing of maternity in the Netherlands.

"In this paper the timing of maternity is estimated by a hazard model. The novel aspect of this paper is that it is shown that wages and total household labor income have a significant effect on the timing of maternity. Both the wage rate of the woman and the wage rate of the husband have a negative effect on the timing of maternity. Total household labor income increases the probability of having a child at an earlier age.... Women working in the labor market delay the timing of maternity compared to non-participating women. Attending school has the same effect. Until the age of 28 the maternity hazard increases with age, after that it decreases." Data are from a longitudinal survey of 4,020 men and women in the Netherlands who were interviewed during the period 1980-1985.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

The behavioural and welfare implications of housing demand under rationing. The United Kingdom experience.

"The present study investigates, on pooled budget data (1968/1985) from United Kingdom Family Expenditure Surveys, the consequences of relaxing the assumption of free choice in housing, while continuing to maintain the assumption of unrationed demand for other items. Since the demand equations are estimated jointly as a system, introducing rationed demand for one item will have consequences for the other demand equations. We investigate the nature and magnitude of such changes using the framework of a general demographic demand system that allows for non-linear/non-separable commodity demand behaviour and also permits the equivalence scales to vary between the rationed and unrationed items." The author finds that "unlike in previous studies, the rationed demand system fails to reject linear preferences."

Demography↗
PubMed1988

Sociological explanations of economic growth.

Even if questions of how resources are distributed within and between societies are the main concern, it is necessary to continue to grapple with the issue of the causes of economic growth since economic growth and level of development continue to be among the most important causes of inequality, poverty, unemployment, and the quality of life. This paper's dependent variable is the economic growth rate of 55 less developed countries (LDCs) over 2 time periods. 1970-78 and 1965-84. The causal model consists of control variables--level of development and domestic investment in 1965--and a variety of independent variables drawn from major sociological theories of economic growth published during the last 3 decades. Multiple regression analysis shows that, net of the effects of the 2 control variables, the variables which have the strongest effect on economic growth are: 1) direct foreign investment, which has a negative effect, 2) the proportion of the population in military service, and 3) the primary school enrollment ratio, both of which have positive effects on economic growth. On the other hand, variables drawn from some theories receive no empirical support. The mass media of communications, ethnolinguistic heterogeneity, democracy and human rights, income inequality, and state-centric theory's key variable, state strength, all fail to show any significant impact on economic growth rates when the control variables and the significant independent variables are held constant. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Africa↗