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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Population and employment densities: structure and change.

"We examine spatial patterns and their changes during the 1970s for the Los Angeles region, by estimating monocentric and polycentric density functions for employment and population. Downtown Los Angeles is clearly identified as the statistical monocentric center of the region, and it is the most consistently strong center in the polycentric patterns. Polycentric models fit statistically better than monocentric models, and there was some shift in employment distribution toward a more polycentric pattern. These findings verify the existence of polycentricity in Los Angeles and demonstrate for the first time that employment and especially population follow a polycentric pattern based on exogenously defined employment centers. The results confirm that both employment and population became more dispersed during the 1970s."

Americas↗
PubMed1994

Fertility waves, aggregate savings and the rate of interest.

"During the last fifty years there have in many countries been large movements in the growth of labor productivity, real wage rates, the rate of interest, and the household savings ratio. In this paper we use an overlapping generations model to study if demographic shocks, like the baby boom, can generate the kind of movements observed. Simulations show this is indeed the case. We also study the interactions between a pay-as-you-go pension system and demographic disturbances.... We present some stylized facts of the historical development in Sweden for the rate of interest, the aggregate household saving ratio, growth of labor productivity and the birth rate."

Demography↗
PubMed1990

Unemployment and marital dissolution.

"This paper analyses the effects of unemployment on the probability of marital dissolution. Based on panel data for a sample of Danish married couples, we estimate a dynamic model for the probability of marital dissolution where we take into account the possible effects of unemployment for both spouses. We also control for other factors such as education, age, presence of children, place of residence, health and economic factors. The empirical results show that unemployment seems to be an important factor behind marital instability. However, only unemployment of the husband has an effect, and this effect is immediate."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

The behavioural and welfare implications of housing demand under rationing. The United Kingdom experience.

"The present study investigates, on pooled budget data (1968/1985) from United Kingdom Family Expenditure Surveys, the consequences of relaxing the assumption of free choice in housing, while continuing to maintain the assumption of unrationed demand for other items. Since the demand equations are estimated jointly as a system, introducing rationed demand for one item will have consequences for the other demand equations. We investigate the nature and magnitude of such changes using the framework of a general demographic demand system that allows for non-linear/non-separable commodity demand behaviour and also permits the equivalence scales to vary between the rationed and unrationed items." The author finds that "unlike in previous studies, the rationed demand system fails to reject linear preferences."

Demography↗
PubMed1993

Population growth and optimality: when does serendipity hold?

"This note gives the conditions under which there is an interior optimum rate of population growth in a two-generations-overlapping model. These conditions imply complementarity both in production and in consumption. They also validate Samuelson's serendipity theorem."

Demography↗
PubMed1995

Aging trends--Singapore.

"Three major inter-related issues have emerged concerning population aging in Singapore. The first two concerns are whether aging will increase dependency on the state for welfare and financial assistance and whether traditional family caring structures will survive and provide the care deemed necessary in the future. The third concern focuses on the potential impact of population aging on Singapore's future economic growth and development....A national policy on elderly persons has been formulated since 1989 and focuses on four main areas: employment of elderly people in the workforce; attitudes towards elderly people; community care; and residential care."

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Settlement formation. Part I: a dynamic theory.

"The dynamic process of settlement formation is a fundamental issue in regional science. Our proposed model integrates the economic and migratory sectors in terms of endogenous variables in order to describe the evolution of continuous population distributions as a self-organising process.... The purpose...is to show that under strongly idealised conditions, a population consisting of different subpopulations with different economic activities will evolve into a differentiated population pattern. Each member of the subpopulations has the possibility to migrate between locations stimulated by rational economic reasons. This idea, which seems almost self-evident on the level of qualitative argumentation, [will] be cast into a mathematically self-contained quantitative dynamic model."

Behavior↗
PubMed1993

Migration history, migration behavior and selectivity.

"A series of proportional hazards models are used to study the relationship between migration history and migration behavior for a sample of young adults from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The results support the argument that migration is a selective process. College educated young adults have a greater hazard rate of making an initial migration but a lower hazard rate of re-migration, suggesting they have less need of corrective geographic behavior. Individuals who have moved two or more times are less responsive to national unemployment conditions than first time migrants. Migration is related to the timing of unemployment within a sojourn. The findings suggest that migrant stock is an important determinant of how labor markets function."

Americas↗
PubMed1989

Poisson regression models of Canadian census division migration flows.

"This paper examines the amount, spatial pattern, and correlates of migration in Canada at the census division scale. The effects of distance, economic prosperity, social and cultural conditions, community size, and the housing market are investigated.... Poisson regression techniques were used to avoid the estimation problems frequently encountered in log-normal regression."

Americas↗
PubMed1989

Regional adjustment and migration flows in Canada, 1971 to 1981.

"The primary purpose of this paper is to consider and test for various interlinkages between migration flows, and also between migration and employment change. Three types of migration flows are distinguished: domestic in-migration and out-migration, and net international migration. The three migration equations are embedded in a model of regional adjustment that also includes regional employment and wage changes as endogenous variables. The data base utilizes Canadian census statistics for 1971 and 1981 in a cross-section analysis with 183 regions represented by counties, or their equivalents. The empirical performance of the various interlinkages is broadly in line with expectations, but the results raise some important questions about interpretation."

Americas↗
PubMed1989

Urban-rural migration: uncertainty and the effect of a change in the minimum wage.

"This paper extends the neoclassical, Harris-Todaro model of urban-rural migration to the case of production uncertainty in the agricultural sector. A unique feature of the Harris-Todaro model is an exogenously determined minimum wage in the urban sector that exceeds the rural wage. Migration occurs until the rural wage equals the expected urban wage ('expected' due to employment uncertainty). The effects of a change in the minimum wage upon regional outputs, resource allocation, factor rewards, expected profits, and expected national income are explored, and the influence of production uncertainty upon the obtained results are delineated." The geographical focus is on developing countries.

Agriculture↗