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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

The multiple faces of lymphoma of the musculoskeletal system.

Musculoskeletal manifestations of lymphoma cover a broad spectrum of disease findings with varying degrees of involvement of bone and soft tissue. This pictorial essay will illustrate and review the range of manifestations of lymphoma of the musculoskeletal system. Several unique cases of soft tissue lymphoma will be included to aid with the less familiar and atypical imaging features. Knowledge of the multitude of radiographic manifestations of the disease is critical for enhanced detection, improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning, and avoidance of imaging pitfalls.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Criteria for chronification of diseases of the musculoskeletal system].

Musculoskeletal disorders, especially low back pain, are responsible for most of the days of work absenteeism in western industrial countries. Part of these disorders will get chronic in course of time. The question is, which criteria could be used to identify persons with chronic complaints. In the present study were selected persons with degenerative disorders and persons with idiopathic low back pain. As criterion for chronic complaints we used accumulated days of work absenteeism in two different ways. The first method identified persons with chronic complaints by percentiles of days of work absenteeism in 1990 leading to four groups (Q1-4). The second method used as the relevant criteria the number of years with days of work absenteeism for rheumatic complaints identifying three groups (Q1-3). Both suggested methods were compared for plausibility and validity with relevant parameters (progress of days of work absenteeism, sociodemographic variables, health status). Any method could identify persons with chronic disorders, so we propose to integrate subjective data to get a more valid index.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1986

Multiple congenital malformations of the face, nervous system and musculoskeletal system of pigs.

Multiple congenital malformations occurred in 21 of 26 pigs (81%) in 3 litters from 2 piggeries. Two of 26 pigs (7%) were mummified while 3 of 26 (11%) were normal. Cheiloschisis was seen in all malformed pigs and was accompanied by various combinations of palatoschisis, arhinencephaly, hypoplasia of the spinal cord, arthrogryposis of the pelvic limbs, polydactyly, renal lesions and cauliflower ears. Histological examination suggested that arthrogryposis was due to neurogenic muscular atrophy. The teratogen was not identified.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1998

Physical assessment of the musculoskeletal system.

The musculoskeletal examination may vary widely in its objectives and content. It may be part of a comprehensive physical examination, or may be directed toward evaluation of problems localized to a specific area. The basic screening examination, medical interview and history will be considered in this article, as well as some resources for reviewing the more focused evaluation of particular problem areas.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1998

Musculoskeletal system neoplasia.

Tumors of the musculoskeletal system are rare in horses; however, they must be taken seriously. Diagnosis requires observation of clinical signs, radiographic findings, and histological examination. Veterinarians must realize prognosis is not favorable for most tumors; however, some of these tumors can be treated or at least ameliorated. Tumors discussed in this article include: osteoma and osteosarcoma; osteoblastoma; chondrosarcoma; fibroma and fibrosarcoma; plasma cell myeloma; synovioma; rhabdomyosarcoma and tumors metastatic to the musculoskeletal system.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

An overview of neuroimmunomodulation and a possible correlation with musculoskeletal system function.

There is an increasing body of evidence that the nervous system is capable of modulating the immune response. Receptors for neuromodulators and neurohormones have been found on human T lymphocytes. Activation of these receptors can be stimulatory or inhibitory depending on the neuroactive substance. The immune system may be able to communicate with the nervous system using neuromodulators and neurohormones secreted by lymphocytes. Sympathetic innervation of lymphoid tissues is not restricted to blood vessels and smooth muscle, but directly supplies lymphocytes and blood precursor cells. It is theorized that spinal fixations may adversely affect the immune response through somatosympathetic reflexes. Spinal manipulation can correct the spinal fixations and may eliminate the adverse affects of somatosympathetic reflexes.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Blast and fragment injuries of the musculoskeletal system.

Blast and fragment injuries of the musculoskeletal system are the most frequently encountered wounds in modern warfare. Most injuries to the musculoskeletal system involve so-called secondary blast injuries in which casing fragments and other debris become flying projectiles. Nonoperative treatment of selected wounds caused by small-fragment debris has been successful but remains controversial. Successful surgical treatment depends on meticulous wound débridement, with excision of nonviable tissue and foreign material likely to cause infection; adequate drainage; and delayed closure. Advanced internal fixation techniques used in modern trauma centers to treat predominantly blunt trauma may not be appropriate for care of orthopaedic war wounds in a field setting.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed2003

General medicine and surgery for dental practitioners. Part 8: Musculoskeletal system.

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system may impact on dental management in diverse ways. Diseases of the bones may have a direct influence on treatment and joint disorders can also cause difficulties. Cervical spine involvement may lead to poor neck extension causing difficulties in providing dental treatment under local anaesthesia or allowing the provision of a safe general anaesthetic. Muscular disorders may mitigate against safe general anaesthesia. As with all medical disorders a thorough history can help to prevent many of the possible problems which may occur secondary to musculoskeletal diseases.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1998

Dynamic loading on the human musculoskeletal system -- effect of fatigue.

OBJECTIVE: A study was conducted to investigate the effects of fatigue on the ability of human musculoskeletal system to deal with the onslaught of the heel strike initiated shock waves. DESIGN: Running on a treadmill at the anaerobic threshold level for 30 min was used to acquire the experimental data on the foot strike initiated shock waves. BACKGROUND: Muscles act to lower the bending stress on bone and to attenuate the dynamic load on human musculoskeletal system. Fatigue may diminish their ability to dissipate and attenuate loading on the system. Knowledge of the effects of fatigue on the ability of the human musculoskeletal system to attenuate the shock waves may help in design of the training procedures and exercises. METHODS: Twenty-two young healthy males participated in this study. Each one was running on the treadmill at the speed corresponding to his anaerobic threshold for 30 min. The heel strike induced shock waves were recorded every 5 min on the tibial tuberosity and sacrum. The data obtained were analyzed in both temporal and frequency domains. RESULTS: The results reveal significant increase in the dynamic loading experienced by the human musculoskeletal system with fatigue. This may be attributed to the inability of the fatigued system to provide an efficient way to attenuate shock waves. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the recorded signals suggests that fatigue contributes to the reduction of the human musculoskeletal system's capacity to attenuate and dissipate those shock waves. This capacity appears to be a function not only of the fatigue level, but also of the vertical location along the skeleton. RELEVANCE: Fatigue during running may affect the ability of the human musculoskeletal system to attenuate and dissipate the heel strike induced shock waves. The study of the fatigue effect on shock wave attenuation provides information that may benefit the runner.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

[Diseases with relevance to protection of animals with an example of the musculoskeletal system of dogs].

Protection of animals needs major concern in breeding programmes especially if inherited diseases occur which cause pain, suffering and/or damages for the animals. Dogs breeders and people keeping dogs as well as veterinarians should be informed about the etiology on sequels of diseases which cause pain to the animals and from which the animals have to be protected in order to make them more conscious on these problems and to achieve changes in dog breeding programmes. The information system "Inherited Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System of Dogs" should display the already published knowledge about etiology, pathogenesis, appearance, therapy and genetics of these diseases. This information system was built up in such a way that it can be used by students as a learning programme to understand the basic relationships among animal protection, diseases, and dog breeding. The user is also supplied with support for breeding decisions as well as for interpretation of breeding values and genotype probabilities. Additionally, information can be obtained on all in the German Association for Dog Breeding (VDH) represented breeds and breeding clubs. Actions to reduce genetically caused diseases required for members of dog breeding clubs are also available. The information system ist programmed by using HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). Publication is possible on CD-ROM and on Internet. The supplied hyperlinks allow to make use of other publications on the world wide web related to dog and diseases of dogs.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonography of the musculoskeletal system in dogs and cats.

Sonography of the musculoskeletal system in dogs and cats was undertaken to evaluate the application of this imaging procedure in orthopedics. In most of the patients a 7.5 MHz linear transducer was used because of its flat application surface and its resolving power. The evaluation of bone by sonography is limited, but sonography can provide addition information regarding the bone surface and surrounding soft tissue. Ultrasound is valuable for assessing joint disease. Joint effusion, thickening of the joint capsule and cartilage defects can be identified sonographically. It is also possible to detect bone destruction. Instabilities are often identified with the help of a dynamic examination. Soft tissue abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system lend themselves to sonographic evaluation. Partial or complete muscles or tendon tears are able to be differentiated and the healing process can be monitored. Most of the diseases that are in the area of the biceps or the achilles tendon, such as dislocation of the tendon, old injuries with scarification, free dissecates in the tendonsheath, tendinitis and/or tendosynovitis can be differentiated by sonography. In addition, with clinical and laboratory findings, it is often possible to make a correct diagnosis with ultrasound in patients with abscesses, foreign bodies, hematomas, soft tissue tumors and lipomas.

Abscess↗
PubMed2003

Dynamic and functional imaging of the musculoskeletal system.

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the musculoskeletal system is limited to static evaluation of muscle, spine, and joint morphology. However, using the variety of contrast mechanisms available with MRI, it is possible to obtain functional and biomechanical data about the musculoskeletal system. The function of joints and muscles are for motion and weight bearing, so pathology that only occurs during activity can be missed on static MRI examination. Similarly, important information about muscle biomechanics, muscle energetics, and joint function can be obtained with unique MRI contrast such as T(2)-mapping, spectroscopy, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) imaging, and molecular imaging. These new techniques hold the promise for a more complete and useful joint examination.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2002

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system among dentists from the aspect of ergonomics and prophylaxis.

The profession of dentist exposes them during their work to many burdensome and harmful factors. The irrational posture adopted by dentists during their work causes discomfort and disorders of the musculoskeletal system and the peripheral nervous system. The methods and organization of the work of Polish dentists were evaluated from the aspect of ergonomics, with regard to reported by them painful disorders connected with the musculoskeletal system, with the aim of applying proper methods of treatment and prophylaxis. The study showed that dentists worked in conditions which generally produced disorders of the musculoskeletal system. As a result, the long working time in the course of a day was used irrationally from the point of view of ergonomics, which over the years of work consequently increased the number of disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Dentists must make use of various forms of treatment. The effectiveness of prophylaxis concerning the musculoskeletal system were only partly assessed by the respondents through questionnaire. Most dentists are convinced of the effectiveness of physical activity in prophylaxis which they carry out themselves.

Dentists↗
PubMed1999

[Prophylactic surgery of the musculoskeletal system].

Prophylactic surgery on the musculoskeletal system has a wide range of indications, for example posttraumatic or non-traumatic malalignment of the lower extremities, joint instabilities or bony lesions with the risk of fracture and secondary malignant change. The goals of treatment include pain relief, improved function and redistribution of the physiological mechanical forces. Clinical experience over the past three decades has defined the current role of realignment of the lower limbs. Recent technological advances have further improved the surgical ability to assess and select patients who are candidates for realignment osteotomy or joint stabilization.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Laboratory diagnosis of postoperative sepsis of the musculoskeletal system.

The diagnosis of acute sepsis after musculoskeletal surgery is based on the results of the clinical examination. Microbiologic evaluation of clinical specimens permits identification of the causal organism(s) and of the susceptibility studies. In the subacute stage of postoperative sepsis, roentgenographic examination, a peripheral leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin level, and nuclear scans can be helpful to the clinician. Frozen section histologic examination of tissues and Gram staining of fluids obtained at surgery have resolved the choice in differential diagnosis between aseptic and septic loosening of painful prosthetic components. Laboratory evaluation, including tissue biopsy, identifies the chronic complications of amyloidosis and malignant change in patients with long term sepsis of the musculoskeletal system.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed2000

Diffusion-weighted imaging of the musculoskeletal system in humans.

This article reviews the principles of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and recent results in DWI of the musculoskeletal system. The potential of DWI in the diagnosis of pathology of the musculoskeletal system is discussed. DWI is a relatively new MR imaging technique that has already been established in neuroradiology, especially in the early detection of brain ischemia. The random motion of water protons on a molecular basis can be measured with DWI. To date DWI of the abdomen and of the musculoskeletal system has only been employed in scientific studies, but first results indicate that it may also be beneficial in these fields. Different diffusion characteristics have been found in normal tissues such as muscle, fat and bone marrow. Also, pathologic entities such as neoplasms, post-therapeutic soft tissue changes and inflammatory processes can be differentiated. Normal muscle shows significantly higher diffusion values than subcutaneous fat and bone marrow, due to a higher mobility of water protons within muscle. Soft tissue tumors exhibit a significantly lower diffusion value compared with post-therapeutic soft tissue changes and inflammatory processes. Necrotic tumor tissue can be distinguished from viable tumor due to significantly higher diffusion of water protons within necrotic tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Helical (spiral) CT of the musculoskeletal system.

Helical (spiral) CT scanning of the musculoskeletal system is a valuable adjunct in patients with complex disease processes where standard radiography may prove to be of limited use. When CT scans are ordered, the use of helical (spiral) acquisition provides specific advantages in terms of ease of performance of the study, potential successful completion of the study, and in quality of the CT data set. Future advances in technology will enhance these advantages.

Adult↗