The explorer as ethnologist: James Mackay's "Indian Tribes" manuscript with a test of his comments on the native mortuary customs of the Trans-Mississippi west.
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Expeditions↗
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Results for “MORTUARY CUSTOMS”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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"THE VIEW" WITH IMPLICATIONS.
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Funeral Rites↗
BENJAMIN RUSH, PHILIP SYNG PHYSICK, AND THE RESURRECTIONISTS.
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Anatomy↗
MEDICAL SUPPORT FOR THE STATE FUNERAL OF PRESIDENT KENNEDY.
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Funeral Rites↗
ATTITUDES TOWARD DEATH AND DYING AMONG THE AYMARA INDIANS OF BOLIVIA.
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Aging↗
[The city and the death: yellow fever and its impact on funeral customs in Rio de Janeiro (1849-50)].
During the summer of 1849-50, a yellow fever epidemic hit the city of Rio de Janeeiro. In analyzing the epidemic's impact on local funeral customs, the article asked to what extent the subsequent high mortality rate was a catalyst that changed people's attitudes towards death and the deceased. The central hypothesis is that the epidemic was the final argument physicians needed to convince the imperial government and the population to implement these doctors' project, one which would medicalize death and standardize funeral customs.
Attitude to Death↗
[Cremation, a hygienic custom of the Chinese people from antiquity] (Chi).
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China↗
ENT aspects of the mummification of the head in ancient Egypt: an imaging study.
This study of a mummified head from the British museum by high resolution computer tomography and 3D reconstruction illustrates, without mutilation of the specimen, some aspects of mummification of the head; namely the extraction of the brain through the nose and filling the cranium with linen like material, packing of the oral cavity and the presence of false eyes. These findings alone allow one to date the mummy to no sooner than the 20th dynasty, a time when this custom was at its peak. ENT aspects of the mummification of the head are discussed.
Egypt↗
Chinese origin of correspondence-paper with black margins as used during mourning.
In Europe there is the custom of observing mourning at the loss of a relative by using, even in correspondence, paper with a black margin. This may be traceable to China where a document on such a paper has been offered as the original.
China↗
Memorial stones for the souls of animals killed for human welfare in Japan.
In Japan, at the old ports of the whaling industry, at all 365 slaughterhouses of the country, at some of the more than 90 wholesale markets of marine products, and at most of the about 170 testing facilities using laboratory animals, there are memorial stones for the souls of the animals killed for human welfare. Except at the whaling ports, where the memorials often can be dated back to the 17. century, all stones have been erected in the 20. century, most of them during the last 2 decades. The roots of this Japanese folk custom are probably in the prehistoric times of Shintoism. With the introduction of Buddhism in the 6. century, the killing of animals was considered sinful. Following the opening of the country in 1860, slaughterhouses were established.
Abattoirs↗
Infectious disease risks from dead bodies following natural disasters.
OBJECTIVE: To review existing literature to assess the risks of infection from dead bodies after a natural disaster occurs, including who is most at risk, what precautions should be taken, and how to safely dispose of the bodies. METHODS: Disease transmission requires the presence of an infectious agent, exposure to that agent, and a susceptible host. These elements were considered to characterize the infectious disease risk from dead bodies. Using the PubMed on-line databases of the National Library of Medicine of the United States of America, searching was done for relevant literature on the infection risks for public safety workers and funeral workers as well as for guidelines for the management of the dead and prevention of infection. A small but significant literature was also reviewed regarding the disposal of the dead and the contamination of groundwater by cemeteries. RESULTS: Victims of natural disasters usually die from trauma and are unlikely to have acute or "epidemic-causing" infections. This indicates that the risk that dead bodies pose for the public is extremely small. However, persons who are involved in close contact with the dead-such as military personnel, rescue workers, volunteers, and others-may be exposed to chronic infectious hazards, including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV, enteric pathogens, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Suitable precautions for these persons include training, use of body bags and disposable gloves, good hygiene practice, and vaccination for hepatitis B and tuberculosis. Disposal of bodies should respect local custom and practice where possible. When there are large numbers of victims, burial is likely to be the most appropriate method of disposal. There is little evidence of microbiological contamination of groundwater from burial. CONCLUSIONS: Concern that dead bodies are infectious can be considered a "natural" reaction by persons wanting to protect themselves from disease. However, clear information about the risks is needed so that responsible local authorities ensure that the bodies of disaster victims are handled appropriately and with due respect. This paper provides a source of information for those who are in the unfortunate position of managing those bodies.
Cadaver↗