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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Use of the MMPI-2 in American Indians: I. Comparability of the MMPI-2 between two tribes and with the MMPI-2 normative group.

The comparability of the MMPI-2 in American Indians with the MMPI-2 normative group was investigated in a sample of 535 Southwestern and 297 Plains American Indian tribal members with contrasting sociocultural and historical origins. Both American Indian tribal groups had clinically significant higher T scores (> 5 T points) on 5 validity and clinical scales, 6 content scales, and 2 supplementary scales than did the MMPI-2 normative group. There were no significant differences between the 2 tribal groups on any of the MMPI-2 clinical, content, or supplementary scales. Matching members of both tribes with persons in the MMPI-2 normative group on the basis of age, gender, and education reduced the magnitude of the differences between the 2 groups on all of these scales, although the differences in T scores still exceeded 5 T points. It appears likely that the MMPI-2 differences of these 2 American Indian groups from the normative group may reflect their adverse historical, social, and economic conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Similarities and differences between MMPI and MMPI-2 applications to the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder.

The purpose of this study was to address the question: Is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) comparable to the original MMPI in its applicability to the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Vietnam combat veterans? The question was addressed by administering both the original MMPI and MMPI-2 to 29 subjects classified as meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; DSM-III-R) criteria for PTSD and comparing MMPI and MMPI-2 scores in terms of: degree of association, code-type congruence, diagnostic hit rates (when compared to two other clinical samples, and one normal sample), and congruence of the Keane PTSD Scale (PK). Results reveal highly significant correlations between MMPI and MMPI-2 basic scales for the PTSD sample as well as congruence in 2-point codes comparable to previous studies. The MMPI-2 was found to identify effectively PTSD subjects from the other groups. Results also showed a high degree of association between the MMPI and MMPI-2 in regard to PK scores, although minor differences were found in PK raw scores between the two tests. Overall, the findings suggest a high degree of comparability between the MMPI and MMPI-2 in the assessment of PTSD.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

An estimate and comparison of MMPI and MMPI-2 concurrent validity. Predicting DSM-III-R diagnoses among college students.

The ability of the MMPI and MMPI-2 to identify persons who were either free or not free from DSM-III-R-defined psychopathology was assessed and compared. University students completed either the MMPI (N = 388) or the MMPI-2 (N = 302) along with a computerized version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, which was scored according to the criteria of the DSM-III-R. MMPI profiles were categorized with several different rules as being within normal limits or not. DSM-III-R status served as the criterion variable, and 189 (27%) study participants met criteria for a current axis I disorder. Although MMPI profiles were more elevated than MMPI-2 profiles, the proportion of profiles categorized as either normal or abnormal did not differ. Both the MMPI and MMPI-2 demonstrated a statistically reliable degree of relation with the broadly applied DSM-III-R standard of current disorder or not. Predictive relationships were modest. The variance in DSM-III-R-measured psychopathology accounted for by MMPI or MMPI-2 categorizations averaged gamma 2 = .12. Contrary to hypotheses, our results did not demonstrate improved MMPI-2 discrimination.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The MMPI and MMPI-2 as predictors of psychiatric diagnosis in an outpatient sample.

The MMPI and MMPI-2 were compared as predictors of psychiatric diagnosis in 100 male and 100 female outpatients who completed the test items in a single session. Test profiles and the clinical diagnosis were grouped into five categories (normal, neurotic, character disordered, psychotic, and other). The MMPI and MMPI-2 code types were in the same category in 75% of the cases. Both the MMPI and MMPI-2 had a 39% agreement rate with category of clinical diagnosis (p < .0001). Discriminant function analyses based on Scales L, F, K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 accounted for significant variance in diagnostic group, (p < .02), and two functions correctly classified 49% and 50% of the cases for the MMPI and MMPI-2, respectively. The rate of correct classification for normals was more than 70%. The rate of correct classification for psychotics was 55% for the MMPI and 30% for the MMPI-2. For both the MMPI and MMPI-2, it appears important not to rely on test findings alone as a basis for diagnostic decisions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of scores on the MMPI-A and MMPI-2 for young adults.

Male college students' profiles look more pathological on the adult version of the MMPI than on the adolescent version. In the present study, men showed elevated scores on the F, Pa, and Sc scales on the MMPI-2. In contrast, women's profiles were more normal on the adult version. When designing the MMPI-A, the authors attempted to maintain correspondence with the original MMPI and the MMPI-2 so the scales could be interpreted similarly. This study compared scores on the MMPI-A and MMPI-2 by administering both tests to the same subjects (N = 43; 19 men and 24 women). Validity and standard scale scores were compared using Pearson product-moment correlations (r), T-score means and standard deviations, and average profiles. Codetype comparisons were also made. In general, MMPI-A and MMPI-2 codetype analyses did not agree. The codetype approach is not recommended for interpretation of the MMPI-A. The finding that young college men show elevated scores on MMPI-2 scales is consistent with previous research and suggests that the MMPI-A may be a useful tool for 18-yr.-old men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Assessing depression with the MMPI and MMPI-2.

The usefulness of the MMPI (Hathaway & McKinley, 1951 ) and MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) for diagnosing and assessing symptomatic depression has been the subject of considerable debate for a number of years. In this article, we review the relative contributions of the MMPI and MMPI-2 clinical and content scales in predicting depression. Positive predictive power, negative predictive power, and overall classification rate were computed for Scale 2 (D) of the MMPI and MMPI-2 and the Depression content scale (DEP) of the MMPI-2. Scale 2 (D) of both the MMPI and MMPI-2 appears to be moderately accurate in predicting depression. Although some studies suggest that the content scale DEP provides incremental validity over Scale 2 (D) of the MMPI-2, the results of this review indicate that the content scale DEP of the MMPI-2 does not exceed the diagnostic efficiency of Scale 2 in predicting depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Criterion-related validity and stability: equivalence of the MMPI and the MMPI-2.

The differential criterion-related validity of the MMPI and MMPI-2 and their stability over a 4-month period of time were examined in a university population by correlating the clinical scales with their counterpart SCL-90-R factors. Fair to moderate correlations were found on all eight paired MMPI scales and SCL-90-R factors, while only two of eight MMPI-2/SCL-90-R pairings were found to be correlated significantly. Further analyses, however, found no significant differences between these MMPI/SCL-90-R and MMPI-2/SCL-90-R correlations. Adequate stability was found between MMPI-2 and SCL-90-R pairs over 4 months, except for the MMPI-2 D scale with the SCL-90-R Depression factor. Several issues related to the equivalency between the MMPI and the MMPI-2 were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of MMPI-A, Marks and Briggs, and MMPI-2 norms for juvenile delinquents.

A study was conducted to compare scores of juvenile delinquents on the new MMPI-A to previous research and to compare 3 sets of norms for adolescents: the MMPI-A, the Marks-Briggs adolescent norms, and the MMPI-2 adult norms. Subjects, 11 boys and 11 girls, were hospitalized adolescents, aged 14 to 17 years, with a history of conduct problems. Analysis of MMPI-A scale scores for boys indicated elevated T-score means on scales F (64), Hs (64), Pd (65), Pa (68), Pt (68), Sc (70), and Ma (66). Mean T scores for girls on the MMPI-A were elevated on scales of F (62), Pd (64), and Sc (62). The findings that the mean T score for scales Pd, Sc, and Ma are elevated for this population is consistent with previous research on juvenile delinquents. In general, the MMPI-A scale elevations were lowest, followed by the Marks-Briggs norms. The MMPI-2 T-score means were the most elevated. One of the limitations of the present investigation is an extremely small sample. Until further research is conducted on larger samples, clinicians concerned about the different norms are encouraged to plot MMPI-A scores on both adolescent and adult norms. It is also recommended that the MMPI-A be included as part of an assessment battery with other objective tests, clinical observation, and patient report.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Correspondence of MMPI and MMPI-2 with chemically dependent patients.

One hundred (39 women and 61 men) hospitalized substance abusers were administered the MMPI and MMPI-2. The correspondence of T-Scores, Codetypes, and MAC/MAC-R scores were analyzed. Results showed that the MMPI-2 produced profiles that were consistent with previous research on the MMPI with substance abusers. However, the relationship between MMPI and MMPI-2 T-scores appeared complex and varied across individual scales for both men and women. Codetype congruence was 38% for one, two, and three-point code-types. Well-defined codetypes accounted for 30% of the profiles. MAC/ MAC-R raw scores were different for men but not for women. Codetypes established for the MMPI may not be fully transferable to the MMPI-2 in a substance abusing population.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of MMPI profile types with corresponding estimated MMPI-2 profiles.

Changes in mean elevation, dispersion, overall configuration, and code type of well-defined MMPI profiles were examined after transformation to estimated MMPI-2 profiles. A total of 34 MMPI profiles from both Gilberstadt and Duker (1965) and Marks, Seeman, and Haller (1974) were analyzed using contemporary MMPI-2 T-scores. Results yielded a reduction in mean elevation and both increases and decreases in scatter about the mean upon transformation to MMPI-2 norms. The total configuration of linear MMPI and estimated MMPI-2 T-score profiles correlated highly with each other and manifested a similar pattern of correlation with the total configuration of Skinner and Jackson's (1978) three modal MMPI types.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

MMPI and MMPI-2 profile and code type congruence in a brain-injured sample.

Examined the comparability of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) in a sample of brain-injured patients. There were 53 patients (36 males, 17 females; M age = 27.25, SD = 11.45), the majority of whom had suffered a closed-head injury. The MMPI-2 and MMPI items were administered in the context of an extensive neuropsychological examination. Results revealed a lack of congruence between the MMPI and MMPI-2 when the entire profile was compared using profile analysis. Analyses of code types found congruence to be high for single point elevations but modest for 2-point code types. The degree of congruence appears related to the nature of analysis, and for clinical purposes, code-type interpretation may be most relevant. These results provide some support for the congruence of the MMPI and MMPI-2 for brain-injured patients, but particular caution should be exercised in the interpretation of 2-point code types.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The MMPI and MMPI-2 in an outpatient sample: comparisons of code types, validity scales, and clinical scales.

Two hundred (N = 200) outpatients completed MMPI (W.G. Dahlstrom, Walsh, & L.G. Dahlstrom, 1989) and MMPI-2 (Butcher, W.G. Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) items at one time, permitting comparison of alternate forms. The concordance rate for elevated codetypes was 58%; for 2-point codetypes independent of elevation, it was also 58%. Only 50% of the men compared to 66% of the women showed concordance between forms. Of the 200 cases, 72 (36%) had codetypes that were both elevated and "well defined." The concordance rate among these 71 cases was 72%. Comparison of mean raw scores for the validity and clinical scales showed a small difference for MMPI versus MMPI-2 (Form) on Scales 2 and 5, small differences for Gender on Scales 1, 2, and 3, and no Gender by Form interactions. There were significant MMPI versus MMPI-2 differences for T-scores on all scales, and there were significant Gender by Form interactions for T-scores on all scales except Scale L, Scale K, and Scale 6 (excluding Scale 5). Comparison of mean T-scores (excluding Scale 5) showed no significant differences for Gender on the 12 scales. In spite of significant mean differences, correlational analyses show correlations above .96 for the raw scores and T-scores for each gender, indicating that rank ordering of cases is maintained between forms. These results are discussed in terms of the issues for use of the MMPI-2 compared to the MMPI.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Clinical accuracy ratings of MMPI approaches for adolescents: adding ten years and the MMPI-A.

Ehrenworth and Archer (1985) examined the relative merits of adolescent Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles utilizing either adult or adolescent scoring norms (Marks & Briggs, 1972). Eleven years later, the MMPI-A has been introduced into clinical use. It has been suggested that in these early years of the MMPI-A, clinicians plot both MMPI-A norms and Marks and Briggs (1972) norms to derive a clinical interpretation of a given profile, especially when code type interpretation is used (Archer, 1992). This study partially replicates the work of Ehrenworth and Archer (1985) by exploring the relation between code types generated with different norms (MMPI-A [Marks & Briggs, 1972] and adult K-corrected) in a sample of 134 adolescent psychiatric inpatients (77 female, 57 male). Code type narratives were blindly rated by members of the adolescent inpatient treatment staff. Although mean scores for the MMPI-A were significantly lower than those produced by the other two sets of norms, the use of the MMPI-A did not result in a clinical disadvantage. Both sets of adolescent norms (the Marks & Briggs and the MMPI-A) produced higher accuracy ratings than did the use of adult K-corrected norms but did not differ from each other. Gender differences were found on all three sets of norms, with female adolescent psychiatric inpatients scoring higher than male inpatients, particularly on Scales 1, 2, and 3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of the MMPI and MMPI-2 administered to Anglo- and Hispanic-American university students.

The MMPI and MMPI-2 were administered to White and Hispanic-American subjects. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences for three main effects: test form, ethnicity, and gender. Two-way interactions between gender and test form and between gender and ethnicity were both significant, but the other two-way interaction (Test Form x Ethnicity) and the third-order interaction (Test Form x Ethnicity x Gender) were not significant. Univariate analyses comparing MMPI and MMPI-2 revealed significant differences on 12 of 13 scales, and comparison of Anglos and Hispanics resulted in significant differences on 4 scales. When Anglos and Hispanics taking the MMPI and MMPI-2 were compared, however, no significant differences on any scales occurred. Results suggest that, for these Hispanic subjects, the MMPI-2 introduces no new or additional differences and may be employed and interpreted essentially the same as the MMPI.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Measuring family functioning with the MMPI: a reliability and concurrent validity study of three MMPI family scales.

Examined the utility of three MMPI family scales. Three MMPI family scales and three criterion family scales were administered to 110 undergraduates. Internal consistency coefficients were calculated for each MMPI family scale. Relationships between the MMPI family scales and the criterion scales are examined by a correlational analysis. Findings suggest that the MMPI family scales are reliable and concurrently valid measures of an individual's perception of interpersonal family relationships. Procedures for scoring and interpreting the MMPI family scales are examined. The findings also indicate which MMPI family scale is the overall best scale.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of MMPI-2 and MMPI T-scores for men and women.

The original MMPI linear T-score norms are compared with the new linear and uniform T-score norms for the MMPI-2 across basic validity and clinical scales for both men and women. The comparison indicated more pronounced normative changes for certain scales and somewhat more pronounced changes for men than for women. Relationships between MMPI-2 and MMPI T-scores across scales are complex; a few MMPI-2 scales show enhancement, others show attenuation across the full range of the scale, and other scales show attenuation in the middle and lower ranges of the scale with enhancement in the upper ranges. Possible implications and effects of the new MMPI-2 T-score norms on original MMPI scale high-point elevation and high-point codes are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

MMPI, MMPI-2 and PTSD: overview of scores, scales, and profiles.

A number of issues should be considered when applying profile interpretations and subscales derived from the original MMPI. These issues and the overall utility of the MMPI-2 for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) evaluations are summarized. The Keane PTSD scale is found to be an effective tool for differential diagnosis when a cut-off score of 28 is used. The Schlenger PTSD scale warrants additional study. Various MMPI-2 validity scales are useful in detecting malingering, but concurrence regarding cut-off scores is lacking. The 2-8/8-2 MMPI PTSD profile does not emerge as consistently on the MMPI-2 as it did on the MMPI, due to the frequent elevation of scale 7 on the MMPI-2.

Diagnosis, Differential↗