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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[In search of the lymphatic system of the central nervous system].

Lymphatic flow in the brains and lymphatic vessels in the meninges are recognized through the intra-cerebral injection of a dye specific to the lymphatic system. The confluence of these two components can only be at the level of the cerebro spinal fluid (CSF), which lends support to the hypothesis that the CSF itself constitutes the lymph of the nervous system. The authors report the results of a study based on a necropsic investigation and an experimental animal model, contributing new facts in favor of this hypothesis. For a certain number of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) when the initial phase is still limited to the brain or to the spinal chord tissues, it is usually asymptomatic; only when it reaches the meninges, that clinical symptoms be seen: this can be explained by the presence of such lymphatic circulatory system. Stasis of the cerebral lymphatic circulation, should be regarded as a new etiologic factor in the onset of brain oedemas. This concept, already taken into account by some investigators, deserves consideration in the study of most CNS diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

An investigation of the topography of the lymphatic system of the grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus). 1. The superficial lymphatic system.

The superficial lymphatic system of the grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus is described. The description is based on dissections of 130 eastern grey kangaroos. The most significant difference found between the superficial lymphatic drainage pattern of kangaroos and that of the domestic species was the existence of large inguino-axillary lymphatic trunks in the kangaroo. Thus in the kangaroo, instead of lymph passing from the inguinal lymphocentre to the lumbar lymphatic trunks as is the situation in the domestic animals, lymph passes from the inguinal lymphocentre to the axillary lymphocentre. Apart from the lymph draining from the head and ventral neck (which passes to the superficial cervical lymphocentre) and lymph which may pass from the superficial lymphatic vessels to deeper lymphatic vessels, all the superficial lymphatic drainage of the kangaroo passes through the axillary lymphocentre. From the viewpoint of the meat inspection of the carcasses of kangaroos taken as game meat animals, pathology of the axillary lymphocentre may reflect disease in a much wider range of body regions than it would in a domestic animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Study of the lymphatic system of the tongue--the lymphatic network of the mucosa].

The authors present the results of investigations of the tongue lymphatic system performed during autopsies. The lymphatic vessels were injected with a Gerot's mass and then the photographs in reflected infrared light were taken. The results provide informations concerning the structure of lymphatic net of the tongue mucous membrane and the directions of the lymph flow in its vessels. The communication between tongue lymphatic system and neighbouring structure was also evaluated. The investigated structure of the lymphatic system explain many clinical phenomena linked with etiopathology of the tongue carcinoma.

Dissection↗
PubMed1989

Morphology of lymphatics of the mammalian heart with special reference to the architecture and distribution of the subepicardial lymphatic system.

The subepicardial lymphatic system in the rat and dog heart has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy. Following application of hydrogen peroxide, the epicardium was removed with a forceps under a dissecting microscope. The subepicardial region contained a well-developed lymphatic system which consisted of the main lymphatic trunks and lymphatic capillaries. The lymphatic trunks of large diameters ran from the apex of the heart to its base. The subepicardial lymphatic capillaries were ramified and anastomosed with each other to form a relatively dense network which extended over the entire surface of both ventricles. These networks joined the main lymphatic trunks. Further, some similar networks were connected with the underlying myocardial lymphatic capillaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[A contribution to the pseudo-LE-syndrome. Investigations of the cardiovascular system, abdominal organs, lymphatic system and drug histories (author's transl)].

13 of 30 patients suffering from pseudo-LE-syndrome showed a usually reversible enlargement of the heart during the acute stage of the disease. In two patients carditis occurring in pseudo-LE-syndrome lead to congestive heart failure and an additional patient died in the acute stage of carditis. As opposed to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus hypertension did not occur in a higher frequency than normal. In five cases cardiac catheter examinations showed slight elevation of the end-diastolic pressure in the right ventricle, in two cases an abnormal high mean pressure in the right atrium and a systolic gradient at the pulmonic valve was found. -Scintigrams showed definite enlargement of the spleen and to a lesser degree enlargement of the liver was seen. Laparascopy showed multiple concretions after peritonitis. Lymphographic changes in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and lymphatic ducts were not observed in contrast to rheumatic diseases. Drug histories in most cases discovered intake of Venopyronum dragees prior to onset of the disease. But recurrent attacks of the disease also occurred without further intake of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Assessment of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.

Assessment of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems first requires a complete signalment, history, and general physical examination. Further assessment of the cardiovascular system begins with evaluation of the cardiac borders through palpation and thoracic percussion. Complete cardiac auscultation requires careful evaluation of several parameters. The location, intensity, and character of normal heart sounds are first determined. This is followed by assessment of heart rate and rhythm. Finally, special attention should be placed on identifying abnormal heart sounds and describing them based on their location, intensity, duration, sound quality, and radiation. Assessment of the arterial, venous, and capillary systems provides additional information on the status of the cardiovascular system. Assessment of the lymphatic system primarily involves evaluation of external and palpable internal lymph nodes. Commonly palpable external lymph nodes include the intermandibular, parotid, retropharyngeal, superficial cervical, subiliac, mammary, and scrotal lymph nodes. Palpable internal abdominal lymph nodes include the iliofemoral lymph nodes and the iliosacral lymph center. Other lymph nodes that may be palpable include the renal, ruminal, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Lymph nodes should be evaluated for size, consistency, and tenderness.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Current methods for investigation of the lymphatic system (author's transl)].

Investigation of the lymphatic system attracts an ever increasing interest not only of scientists working in the theoretical field but also of clinicians. Therefore it is no wonder that numerous methods for the study of the lymphatic system have been proposed. The present article surveys a great number of these methods, and particular emphasis is given to the work that has been and is being carried out in the Soviet Union. It is shown that a detailed knowledge of the lymphatic system is essential if a holistic view of the structure and function of a particular organ is to be obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Morphological studies of the cardiac lymphatic system.

The distribution and structure of the mammalian cardiac lymphatic system have been investigated by puncture injection, intra-arterial injection of silver nitrate, hydrogen peroxide immersion, and light and electron microscopy. The cardiac lymphatic system consists of drainage vessels and lymphatic capillaries. The drainage vessels contain many valves and are mainly situated subepicardially following branches of the coronary artery. The lymphatic capillaries are composed of a thin layer of endothelial cells, and form relatively dense networks in a fishnet arrangement. These lymphatic networks are richer in the ventricles than in the atria, being present in the subepicardial myocardial and subendocardial regions. In addition, networks are found in all cusps of the atrioventricular valves, and in the sinuatrial node and atrioventricular system. The lymphatic system maintains cardiac homeostasis by receiving proteins, electrolytes and excess fluid from the interstitial tissue and returning them to the venous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[The lymphatic system--terra incognita? Demonstrated by morphological assessment of resorption processes].

The lymphatic system has been demonstrated by means of special microscopic investigations, using morphologically comprehensive resorption procedures. References has been made to the literature which gives an account of the available knowledge about the lymphatic system and the scientific concepts produced in the course of the centuries. After going into the fundamental morphological principles of parenteral resorption and resorption in the bovine uterus, a description is given of the transport of the vital dyes patent blue violet and Japanese ink, which was followed microscopically in the lymphatic system. A further phenomenon emerges with the concept of persorption, where the particles are in the micron range and have also been identified microscopically in the pathways of the lymphatic system.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Radiolabeled colloids and macromolecules in the lymphatic system.

The scintigraphic technique to investigate the lymphatic system is based on a good knowledge of basic criteria in order to correctly interpret the findings. This article penetrates these criteria, updates the present knowledge, and covers basic science work and clinical applications. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the lymphatic system are covered. Basic criteria for the radiopharmaceuticals to be used are described as well as their quality control. The principles for lymphoscintigraphy are described. The dosimetry in lymphoscintigraphy as well as radiation risk is estimated for different procedures. Experimental animal studies are summarized. Clinical applications cover staging procedures for breast cancer, malignant melanoma, pelvic neoplasms, and lymphoma. Lymphadenoectomy follow-up studies are also included. The use of lymphoscintigraphy in radiotherapy dose planning is described as well as lymphatic function studies in, e.g., edema and lymph transplantations.

Colloids↗
PubMed1992

[Selected problems in the evolution of scientific examination of the lymphatic system of the larynx and the surrounding region presented for clinical purposes].

The most important results of the morphological research of the lymphatic system of the larynx with surrounding tissues were presented. Based on section specimens of larynx the topography of the lymphatic system was described. We also described changes in the lymphatic system after radiation and after manifestation of squamous cell carcinoma in this region. We concluded that the main causes of our clinical adversities in treatment of larynx cancer were lymphatic stasis, cancer embolism of small nodes between mucosa and deep lymph nodes of the neck. We also studied over the methods of intravital examinations of the neck's lymphatic system.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic evaluation of the pelvic and abdominal lymphatic system.

Evaluation of the pelvic and abdominal lymphatic systems is the subject of renewed interest by radiologists, radiotherapists, surgeons and medical oncologists. The primary reason for this interest has been the rapid advance of diagnostic imaging technology, particulary in ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT). Another reason is the realization that with some neoplasms, particularly gynecologic neoplasms, there has been little progress in long-term survival in spite of aggressive local management. A possible explanation for this is "understaging" of neoplasms by previous radiologic procedures. Although lymphangiography has a proved and well-defined place in the diagnostic regimen, it remains tedious, time-consuming and invasive. Gray-scale ultrasound and CT have been widely used for several years and their role, limitations and relationship to lymphangiography have become established. The purpose of this monograph is to provide a short review of the lymphatic system and lymphangiogram, with particular attention to the recent radiologic literature. The role and limitations of the various diagnostic modalities are discussed and the lymphatic drainage and common pelvic neoplasms (as approached in the recent literature) are reviewed. No attempt has been made to define the lymphatic drainage of abdominal visceral organs.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural and seasonal aspects of the kidney lymphatic system of hibernating animals.

The kidney lymphatic system of bat, dormouse and marmot consists of intraparenchymal (interlobar, arcuate, interlobular) and extraparenchymal (capsular) vessels sharing common ultrastructural aspects. We did not observe medullary lymphatics. The qualitative and quantitative seasonal changes in the ultrastructure of the lymphatic endothelium represent not only a species-linked feature but also (and mainly) an evident seasonal fluctuation in lymph formation. Furthermore, these ultrastructural changes emphasize the important role played by the different mechanisms involved in the translymphatic movement of proteins and interstitial fluid with particular regard to the 'vesicular route' and intraendothelial channels.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Identification of the regional lymphatic system of the gallbladder by vital staining.

In 21 patients with biliary tract cancer dye was injected into the lymphatic system of the gallbladder to determine the extent of its regional lymph nodes. A volume of 0.1-0.3 ml 1 per cent indigo carmine solution was injected directly into lymphatic vessels of the gallbladder in eight patients and into lymph nodes (cystic node or pericholedochal nodes) in 13 patients during radical surgery for biliary tract cancer. The lymphatic system was visualized in a total of 14 patients. The dye descended around the bile duct, flowed into the cystic node, the pericholedochal nodes and the lymph nodes posterior to the head and neck of the pancreas, and finally reached the interaortocaval nodes adjacent to the left renal vein. The stained lymphatic tissue was regarded as the regional lymphatic system of the gallbladder. These nodes should be completely resected during radical surgery for gallbladder cancer.

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗