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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Induction of ovulation and oviposition in female quail with luteinizing hormone, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, or progesterone.

Regularly laying female Japanese quail were injected 12 or 18 hr before the next expected oviposition with 25 micrograms oLH, 25 micrograms luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), or 0.05 mg progesterone, and the subsequent oviposition was recorded and ovulation determined by autopsy 9 hr after the injection. Plasma progesterone levels were measured in blood collected from a wing vein during the postinjection interval. Vehicle-injected birds served as control. All treatments resulted in premature oviposition and ovulations in 50-100% of birds when injected 12 hr before the next expected oviposition. None of the vehicle-injected birds showed any advancement in either oviposition or ovulation. Premature oviposition was generally followed by premature ovulation within 1 hr, when birds were treated 12 hr before the next expected oviposition and was preceded by a rise in plasma progesterone levels which reached values similar to those occurring during the normal preovulatory period. When birds were injected 18 hr before the next expected oviposition, the incidence of premature oviposition was very low, premature ovulation was absent, and the rise in plasma progesterone levels following treatment was substantially less than in the former group. The results suggest that oviposition and ovulation in quail may be initiated by LHRH induced LH release from the pituitary gland and that progesterone may stimulate LHRH and LH release. The timing of the ovulatory cycle may depend upon the phase of follicular maturation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Agonist-induced release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone and their associations with basal secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone throughout lactation in sows.

Our working hypothesis was that the normal increase in basal secretion of LH and FSH during lactation in sows is paralleled by an increase in readily releasable pools of GnRH, LH, and FSH. Sows fitted with indwelling catheters and nursing 9-11 piglets were sampled on Days 1, 7, 14, and 21 (primiparous sows; n = 10; experiment 1) or Days 7 and 21 (multiparous sows; n = 10; experiment 2) of lactation. On each day, blood was collected at 10-min intervals for 2 h before one member of a pair of sows was infused (i.v.) with saline (n = 5) and the other with the neuroexcitatory amino acid N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid (NMA; 10 mg/kg b.w.) to measure readily releasable GnRH as estimated by LH release. Two hours later, each sow that had received saline was given GnRH (100 micrograms, i.v.) for estimation of releasable pools of pituitary LH and FSH. Responses to NMA and GnRH were estimated by area under the curve (ng.ml-1.min) of serum LH profiles for 1 h (NMA group) or 2 h (GnRH group) after treatment. Basal LH secretion in primiparous sows decreased from Day 1 to Day 7 and then returned to Day 1 values by Day 21. Similarly, in multiparous sows, basal LH was lower on Day 7 than on Day 21. Basal FSH secretion increased linearly as lactation progressed in primiparous and multiparous sows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Plasma follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sex hormones in patients with gout.

Plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol, and cortisol were examined in normal subjects and gout patients under baseline conditions and after clomiphene stimulation. A significant decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and 17 beta-estradiol was observed both in male and female gout patients; in the same patients, the plasma testosterone: 17 beta-estradiol ratio was found to be significantly higher than in control subjects. The changes observed suggest a possible role played by 17 beta-estradiol in the regulation of purine biosynthesis and uric acid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Identification of human luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone beta-subunit and gonadotrophin alpha-subunit in foetal and adult pituitary glands.

Specific radioimmunoassays were used to assess the content of LH, FSH, the gonadotrophin alpha-subunit and the LH beta-subunit in four adult, 19 normal foetal pituitary glands (9-5--32 weeks of gestation) and a pituitary extract from an anencephalic foetus (36 weeks). The hormones and subunits were further identified by column chromatography on Sephadex G-100. All pituitary glands contained free alpha-subunit and intact LH but the alpha-subunit:LH ratio was significantly higher in the early foetal pituitaries (9-5--16 weeks) than in the four adult pituitaries. Only small or undetectable amounts of LH beta-subunit and 'undetectable' FSH were found in these early foetal pituitaries (9-5--11-5 weeks). The concentration of intact hormones or subunits in the pituitaries showed no significant sex difference in any of the groups. In contrast to these results, only alpha-subunit was detectable in the pituitary of the anencephalic foetus. For 14 early foetuses (age of gestation 10--16 weeks) the serum levels of LH-HCG, FSH, and alpha-subunit in the circulation were significantly higher than in 26 foetuses at term (37--41 weeks). On the basis of these results a theory for the development of the gonadotrophin secretion from the foetal pituitary gland is outlined.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Correlation between follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid with sperm cell concentration.

Plasma follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and 17-ketosteroids were measured in patients seen at an infertility clinic. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels were increased in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. The results suggest that in patients with sperm counts less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. there is not only impaired spermatogenesis but also decreased Leydig cell function. Urinary 17-ketosteroid levels were not related to sperm cell concentration.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1985

Depressed follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin responses to the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and metoclopramide test in endurance runners in the hard-training season.

The responses of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and the responses of prolactin (PRL) to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and metoclopramide (MC) were measured in the late luteal phase of the cycle in 12 endurance runners and 11 control women and in 12 joggers and 7 control women. LH-RH (100 micrograms) and TRH (200 micrograms) were injected intravenously at the beginning of the test, and MC (10 mg) was injected 60 minutes later. Blood samples were obtained before and 20, 60, 80, and 120 minutes after the beginning of the test. Runners had significantly lower serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone than control subjects, whereas the concentrations of FSH, LH, and PRL were similar at the beginning of the study. Compared with their controls, the runners had significantly lower FSH (P less than 0.05) and LH responses at 20 minutes (P less than 0.05) and lower LH responses at 80 minutes (P less than 0.01) to LH-RH and lower PRL responses to MC 20 minutes after MC injection (P less than 0.05). Joggers and their control subjects had similar LH, FSH, and PRL responses to these pharmacologic stimuli. It is concluded that decreased ovarian activity explains, at least partly, the lowered responses of FSH and LH to LH-RH and the lowered response of PRL to MC in endurance runners.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1988

Effect of diclofenac on plasma levels of immunoreactive prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyrotropin, and beta-endorphin in humans.

Prostaglandins have been shown to modulate the secretion of several pituitary hormones, suggesting that therapeutic doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may change basal hormone levels. In this study, plasma levels of prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyrotropin and beta-endorphin were determined in 6 healthy men after administration of diclofenac, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor. The subjects were given 75 mg intramuscularly and 50 mg orally at 08.00 h the first day, 50 mg orally at 08.00, 12.00 and 20.00 h the second day and an additional 50 mg orally at 08.00 h the third day. Blood samples were collected throughout these 3 days. Diclofenac resulted in a significant and sustained decrease in plasma level of prolactin (p less than 0.005). The other hormones did not demonstrate significant change following diclofenac administration. These data suggest that administration of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, such as diclofenac, selectively alters basal pituitary secretion of prolactin in humans without a detectable effect on plasma levels of other pituitary hormones. This study supports the hypothesis that prostaglandins are necessary for maintaining basal level of prolactin secretion in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Acute effects of cocaine on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin levels in cocaine-dependent men.

Acute cocaine administration alters secretion of anterior pituitary hormones in experimental animals, and cocaine abuse may compromise neuroendocrine function in humans. The goal of this study was to examine cocaine's acute effects on neuroendocrine hormones in cocaine-dependent men. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone and prolactin levels were measured in 18 men before and after i.v. administration of cocaine (30 mg) or placebo. Each subject served as his own control during the i.v. placebo and cocaine administration conditions. Plasma cocaine levels peaked at 260 ng/ml within 5 min after the i.v. injection. Plasma ACTH levels increased significantly above base-line levels at 5, 15, 30 (P < .01) and 45 min (P < .05) after i.v. cocaine. Plasma luteinizing hormone levels increased significantly above base-line levels at 5 (P < .05) and at 15 min (P < .01) after i.v. cocaine. No changes in plasma ACTH or luteinizing hormone levels were found after i.v. placebo injection. Plasma prolactin levels decreased significantly at 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min (P < .01) after both i.v. cocaine and placebo administration. Cocaine-induced increases in plasma ACTH levels may be due to its effects on dopaminergic systems which modulate corticotropin-releasing factor release in brain.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1986

Daily follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone in ten women harboring uterine leiomyomas.

Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were assessed every day in ten women harboring uterine leiomyomas during a complete menstrual cycle. Total area under the curve was individually calculated for E2 and P. The results obtained in this group were then compared with those obtained in a control population. No statistical difference was found. We concluded that patients harboring uterine leiomyomas had, in this study, a normal menstrual cycle. The role of estrogens in the physiopathology of uterine leiomyoma was not related to abnormally high levels of serum E2 or abnormally low levels of P.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin on left and right gonads of female chick embryos in culture.

Organotypic cultures were made of right female gonads of chick embryos of 8 days, on medium containing follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone or prolactin (PRL), and of left ovaries of the same age on the medium containing PRL. Results indicate that the explants cultured on PRL resemble most closely the normal ovaries in vivo. It is suggested that PRL may have a function in the morphogenesis of the female gonads of chick embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Changes in circulating levels of immunoreactive follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone during sexual development in the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta.

Basal serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) and the responsiveness of these hormones to a challenge dose of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), were determined in juvenile, pubertal, and adult rhesus monkeys. The monkey gonadotrophins were analyzed using RIA reagents supplied by the World Health Organization (WHO) Special Programme of Human Reproduction. The FSH levels which were near the assay sensitivity in immature monkeys (2.4 +/- 0.8 ng/ml) showed a discernible increase in pubertal animals (6.4 +/- 1.8 ng/ml). Compared to other two age groups, the serum FSH concentration was markedly higher (16.1 +/- 1.8 ng/ml) in adults. Serum LH levels were below the detectable limits of the assay in juvenile monkeys but rose to 16.2 +/- 3.1 ng/ml in pubertal animals. When compared to pubertal animals, a two-fold increase in LH levels paralleled changes in serum LH during the three developmental stages. Response of serum gonadotrophins and T levels to a challenge dose of LHRH (2.5 micrograms; i.v.) was variable in the different age groups. The present data suggest: an asynchronous rise of FSH and LH during the pubertal period and a temporal correlation between the testicular size and FSH concentrations; the challenge dose of LHRH, which induces a significant rise in serum LH and T levels, fails to elicit an FSH response in all the three age groups; and the pubertal as compared to adult monkeys release significantly larger quantities of LH in response to exogenous LHRH.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Pituitary-ovarian relationships preceding the menopause. I. A cross-sectional study of serum follice-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone levels.

Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations were measured in 58 ovulating women in different age groups (20 to 29, 34 to 39, 40 to 44, and 45 to 50 years) at five- to seven-day intervals through a single menstrual cycle and in 18 postmenopausal women sampled weekly five to six times. The over-all hormone patterns were similar in four premenopausal groups. However, mean serum FSH levels increased with age and significantly higher concentrations were found in the 40 to 50 years group than in the 20 to 29 year group. Serum LH levels did not show a similar rise with age, although follicular LH levels in the oldest group were higher than in the 20 to 29 year group. Prolactin and estradiol concentrations did not change with age prior to the menopause, but luteal progesterone levels were lower in the three older premenopausal groups than in the 20 to 29 year group. Postmenopausal women showed elevated FSH and LH, decreased prolactin, and negligible estradiol and progesterone levels. There was an over-all significant linear correlation between prolactin and estradiol concentrations. It appears that the menopause is preceded by several years of rising gonadotropin, predominantly FSH, levels. During this period, ovarian estrogen production appears to be maintained and ovulation continues, but luteal progesterone levels decline. It is likely that these premenopausal alterations in pituitary-ovarian relationships reflect depletion of ovarian follicles.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Testicular vein and peripheral vein testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin concentrations in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (testicular feminization) is classically diagnosed by history, physical examination, karyotype and ultimately exploratory laparotomy. In this case, the diagnosis was verified by amenorrhea, female phenotype, Barr body negative buccal smear, and finally, exploratory laparotomy which revealed bilateral abdominal testes. Testicular vein blood samples obtained at the time of surgery were analyzed for testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin and compared to peripheral vein blood samples. The testosterone concentration in the testicular vein was twice the concentration in the peripheral sample, reflecting gonadal function. The other testicular vein hormone concentrations mirrored the peripheral vein concentrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Peripheral patterns of growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, and progesterone before, at, and after puberty in buffalo heifer.

Buffalo, the premier dairy animal in India, suffers from slow growth rate, delayed puberty, and silent heat. It is not known whether the delay in puberty in such animals is due to the delay in expression of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal functions. To determine the changes in growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone before, at, and after puberty of Murrah buffalo heifers, six Murrah buffalo heifers (21.92 +/- 1.09 months of age, 269.67 +/- 7.97 kg body weight) were assigned to well-ventilated individual pens and fed a roughage-concentrate diet to provide weight gain of 0.4 kg/day. Blood samples were collected at 3-day intervals during a period of 12 months, and plasma harvested from blood samples was assayed for progesterone, LH, and GH. The day that plasma progesterone was greater than 1 ng/mL for three consecutive sampling days was defined as the day of puberty. Heifers attained puberty at an average age of 31.53 +/- 0.88 months with a body weight of 380.67 +/- 6.42 kg. Progesterone levels were very low (0.20 to 0.30 ng/mL) during the pre-pubertal period. There were two distinct elevations before the day of puberty onset. Plasma LH and GH concentrations increased (P < 0.05) during the months preceding puberty and were highest during the month before puberty. GH and LH were positively correlated (P < 0.05) prior to (r = +0.59) as well as after puberty (r = +0.42). A positive correlation (P < 0.05)between LH and body weight during the pre-pubertal period (r = +0.61) and thereafter, negative correlation (P < 0.05) during post-pubertal period (r = -0.64) was noted. GH and body weight showed positive correlation both before puberty (r = +0.92, P < 0.01) and after puberty (r = +0.32, P < 0.05). Results suggest that both GH and LH are equally important and vital cues in inducing onset of ovarian functions in buffalo heifers.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

24-hour changes in circulating prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone in young male rats subjected to calorie restriction.

This work analyzes the effect of calorie restriction on the 24h variation of pituitary-testicular function in young male Wistar rats by measuring the circulating levels of prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone. Control animals were provided an equilibrium calorie diet and the experimental animals a calorie-restriction diet equivalent to 66% of food restriction for four weeks starting on day 35 of life. Different groups of control and experimental rats were killed at 6h intervals around the clock, beginning I h after light on (HALO). Compared to the control animals, the mean secretion of prolactin was augmented and that of LH and testosterone decreased in calorie-restricted rats, whereas FSH release remained unchanged. Significant changes in the 24 h secretory pattern of circulating prolactin, LH, and testosterone occurred in the calorie-restricted rats. These include the appearance of a second maximum of plasma prolactin at 21 HALO, blunting of the LH peak seen at 13 HALO, and phase-shift of the testosterone peak from 13 HALO in controls to 17 HALO in calorie-restricted rats. The significant positive correlation between individual LH and testosterone levels found in controls was no longer observed in calorie-restricted rats. Availability of nutrients presumably affects the mechanisms that modulate the circadian variation of the pituitary-gonadal axis in growing male rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Correlation between follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid with sperm cell concentration.

Plasma follicle stimulating hormone, luteininzing hormone, testosterone, urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and 17-ketosteroids were measured in patients seen at an infertility clinic. Plasma folicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels were increased in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. Plasma testosterone levels were lower in patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. The results suggest that in patients with sperm counts less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. there is not only impaired spermatogenesis but also decreased Leydig cell function. Urinary 17-ketosteroid levels were not related to sperm cell concentration.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1975

Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone, and follicular growth in the pseudopregnant rat.

Throughout a period of pseudopregnancy the peripheral blood levels of progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), as well as the size-distribution of ovarian antral follicles were estimated in the rat. The progesterone concentrations, as measured by a competitive protein-binding technique, exceeded metoestrous values (25 ng/ml plasma) from day 3 of pseudopregnancy onwards. The highest levels were found on days 6 and 8 (91 ng/ml). From day 8 onwards the levels decreased gradually but were still above metoestrous values on the day of pro-oestrus after pseudopregnancy. Concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta, as measured by radioimmunoassay, were within the range of those at metoestrus (about 5 pg/ml plasma) until day 10. Thereafter levels increased to a value of 57 pg/ml. Concentrations of FSH, measured by radioimmunoassay, were within the range of metoestrous values until day 10 (about 100 ngNIAMD-rat-FSH RP-1/ml serum), but declined to a level of 33 ng/ml on day 12. Concentrations of LH, measured by radioimmunoassay, were generally within the wide range of metoestrous values (9-60 ng NIAMD-rat-LH RP-1/ml serum), but concentrations found on days 4, 8 and 10 were significantly lower than those found on preceding or subsequent days. Histological determination of the number of follicles present in various volume-classes, showed an increase in antral follicles on days 1 and 2, comparable to the increase observed during metoestrus and dioestrus 1 of the normal cycle. There was no change in the follicles between days 3 and 10 and they resembled those of early dioestrus. Preovulatory growth had occurred by day 12. Injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on days 2, 4 or 6 showed that ovulation could be induced only in some of the larger follicles. On the basis of these results it is suggested that during pseudopregnancy the high progesterone levels present result in a decreased plasma LH level which is insufficient to cause full maturation of the follicles and to stimulate oestrogen secretion to the levels required for induction of an ovulatory surge of LH release.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of mesterolone on sperm count, on serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, plasma testosterone and outcome in idiopathic oligospermic men.

Two hundred fifty subfertile men with idiopathic oligospermia (count less than 20 million/ml) were treated with mesterolone (100-150 mg/day) for 12 months. Seminal analysis were assayed 3 times and serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) and plasma testosterone were assayed once before treatment and repeated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the initiation of treatment. One hundred ten patients (44%) had normal serum FSH, LH and plasma testosterone, 85 patients (34%) had low serum FSH, LH and low plasma testosterone. One hundred seventy-five patients (70%) had moderate oligospermia (count 5 to less than 20 million/ml) and 75 patients (30%) had severe oligospermia (count less than 5 million/ml). Seventy-five moderately oligospermic patients showed significant improvement in the sperm density, total sperm count and motility following mesterolone therapy whereas only 12% showed improvement in the severe oligospermic group. Mesterolone had no depressing effect on low or normal serum FSH and LH levels but had depressing effect on 25% if the levels were elevated. There was no significant adverse effect on testosterone levels or on liver function. One hundred fifteen (46%) pregnancies resulted following the treatment, 9 of 115 (7.8%) aborted and 2 (1.7%) had ectopic pregnancy. Mesterolone was found to be more useful in patients with a sperm count ranging between 5 and 20 million/ml. Those with severe oligospermia (count less than 5 million) do not seem to benefit from this therapy.

Adult↗