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PubMed1977

[Possibilities of Lupinus mutabolis and Lupinus albus in the Andean countries].

Lupinus albus and Lupinus mutabilis may achieve importance among the andean countries in which soy bean can not grow due to ecological reasons. Both lupin varieties are outstanding because of their high protein and oil content. Its alkaloid content limits the lupins usage; however the bitter substances can be eliminated by means of genetic selection or technological processing. Beside the intoxication caused by alkaloids exists the lupinosis, which is caused by a micotoxin. This disease can be observed when animals pasture forages which suffered under a secundary attack of fungus. According to the results obtained up to date other antimetabolic substances present in the legums have no significant importance. The lupin seed flour is adequate for animal consumption, being used for this effect in different countries. Starting next year there exist the prospects of employing Lupinus mutabilis as an oil source in Peru and Lupinus albus as proteic flour in Chile.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1977

[In vitro synthesis of cytokinins in isolated roots of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) treated with lectins extracted from cotyledons and leaves].

The synthesis of cytokinins in isolated roots of Lupinus albus L. cultured under sterile conditions, seems to be induced by leaf proteins and lectins extracted from the cotyledons. Immunochemical methods have been used to prove that the leaf proteins were lectins too, quite different from those coming from cotyledons, but having the same effect on the root cytokinins synthesis.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1979

[Nutritive value of lupine and its potential as human food].

The chemical composition and some indices of protein quality were measured in two species of sweet lupine Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus grown at the Experimental Station in Gorbea, Chile: both samples showed a high protein content (39.5 and 44.6%). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was measured in the rat and found to be 0.48 and 0.71, respectively, as compared to 2.57 for casein. Supplementation with 0.3% DL-methionine increased significantly those values, thus indicating that lupine protein is deficient in said amino acid. In another experiment the effect of cooking-extrusion on lupine flour (L. albus) was investigated and the chemical composition, protein efficiency ratio, methionine supplementation and digestibility of the protein were measured. The chemical composition was not changed but PER increased from 0.50 for raw lupine to 0.76 for processed lupine (P less than 0.05). Both values increased significantly with the addition of 0.3% DL-methionine. The protein digestibility of the supplemented lupine was not affected by the cooking extrusion process (76.5 and 77.8%, respectively). Supplementation of wheat flour with 5, 10, 15 and 20% lupine flour increased the PER of wheat flour from 0.92, to 1.39 for wheat flour supplemented with 10% lupine flour, and to 1.60 for the 15% level of the supplement. These studies seem to support the conclusion that sweet lupine is an interesting protein resource for human nutrition.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Balancing nutrient remobilization and photosynthesis: proteomic insights into the dual role of lupin cotyledons after germination.

Efficient nutrient mobilization from seed storage tissues is essential for seedling establishment, particularly in legumes such as Lupinus albus (white lupin), which thrive in nutrient-poor soils. This study investigates the role of cotyledons in nitrogen (N) and mineral remobilization after germination during their transition from storage organs to photosynthetically active tissues, including the metabolic challenges posed by the coexistence of these two functions in epigeal germination. We cultivated white lupin seedlings under nitrogen-deficient conditions, analyzing cotyledon composition and function over 28 days. Our results indicate that 60% of cotyledon-stored proteins are degraded within the first 8 days, with free amino acids transiently accumulating before being redistributed to support growth. The progressive depletion of cotyledon reserves was accompanied by structural and metabolic changes, including an increase in photosynthetic proteins. However, cotyledon photosynthetic capacity remained lower than that of true leaves, suggesting a transient role in energy metabolism. The loss of cotyledons before day 12 significantly impaired seedling development, emphasizing their critical contribution to nitrogen, phosphate, and micronutrient supply during early growth. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed dynamic shifts in nutrient transport, amino acid metabolism, and stress response pathways following cotyledon removal. These findings underscore the significance of cotyledon nutrient remobilization in legume adaptation to low-fertility soils and highlight potential targets for breeding strategies aimed at improving nutrient use efficiency. By optimizing cotyledon nutrient composition and function, future breeding efforts could enhance seedling vigor, reduce fertilizer dependency, and improve the nutritional value of lupin-based foods.

Lupinus↗
PubMed1979

Effect of starvation on the genetic activity of nucleus and nucleolar organizer.

The investigations of root meristems and hypocotyls of Lupinus albus L. starved, and then fed with 2% sucrose were carried out and several variations in nuclear and nucleolar dimensions, their ultrastructure, template activity of DNA, activities of RNA polymerases and transcriptional activity, were found. As a result of starvation, the surface area of nuclei and nucleoli decreases several times; after 24 hours, in the presence of sucrose, it grows again, but the control state is not achieved. Moreover, in a starved material the area of condensed chromatin in nucleus is increased by 1/3; after feeding, its partial recovery to the initial state is observed. The intensity of binding of 3H AMD in a fed material is increased by 1/3 as compared with the starved one. Transcriptional activity, estimated on the basis of 3H uridine incorporation is decreased in a starved material, especially in the meristematic tissue; feeding intensificates the transcriptional activity whereas the activity of endogenous RNA polymerase, investigated in hypocotyl, is drastically lowered in a starved material. Sucrose feeding does not restore the control state, though the per cent of nuclei and nucleoli revealing the activity of RNA polymerase is much higher in a fed material than in a starved one.

Cell Nucleolus↗
PubMed1979

Enzymatic disappearance of hydroxylamine in the presence of GABA.

This paper presents data on the elimination of hydroxylamine from Lupinus albus seeds when they were germinated in the presence of GABA and hydroxylamine. The possibility of an enzymatic reaction. ATP dependent, between GABA and hydroxylamine is discussed. Some kinetic properties from this reaction are studied.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2026

Revisiting the genome assembly of Lupinus species reveals differential diploidization after a shared whole-genome duplication.

Accurate genome assemblies are essential for comparative genomics, yet Hi-C-guided scaffolding can introduce structural errors that misrepresent chromosome architecture and bias evolutionary inferences. Here, we identified pervasive scaffolding errors-including artificial fusions, internal inversions, and incomplete contig mounting-in 2 previously published Lupinus genomes (L. cosentinii and L. digitatus) using a segmentation method based on long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon density. We reassembled both genomes, producing chromosome-level references of 472.7 Mb (16 chromosomes) and 427.2 Mb (21 chromosomes), with BUSCO completeness >98.5%. Synteny validation and reapplication of LTR profiling confirmed that all prior errors were resolved. Using these corrected genomes together with 4 additional Lupinus species and 2 outgroup legumes, we investigated postpolyploid evolution. Synonymous substitution rate (Ks) analysis revealed a genus-specific whole-genome duplication (WGD) event (Ks = 0.17) shared by all 6 Lupinus species. The proportion of WGD-derived genes varied markedly, from 60% in L. digitatus to only 36% in L. mutabilis, indicating differential diploidization. While all species retained a core set of WGD duplicates enriched in cytoskeleton organization, ion transport, and defense responses, each exhibited lineage-specific functional trajectories: cell wall modification in L. cosentinii and L. digitatus, nitrogen metabolism in L. albus and L. angustifolius, flower development in L. luteus, and stress/lipid metabolism in L. mutabilis. Our corrected assemblies provide optimal references for Lupinus comparative genomics, and our findings demonstrate that a shared WGD event can lead to both conserved and highly divergent postpolyploid fates, likely underpinning adaptive diversification within the genus.

Lupinus↗