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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Carbohydrate metabolism and capillary basement-membrane thickness in children. II. Longitudinal studies.

Longitudinal biochemical and histologic studies were carried out in 11 children receiving oral hypoglycemic agents. There were five "suspected" diabetics (with evidence of glucose intolerance but without repeated fasting hyperglycemia) and six diabetics. Mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values showed no significant change during treatment with phenformin alone. The mean FPG decreased significantly within six to 10 weeks after addition of tolazamide to the regimen, but the decrease was not sustained during long-term observation (seven months to four years). Glucose disappearance rate (K) generally increased as FPG decreased, but the number of observations was smaller, and mean values showed no significant change. Mean values for fasting plasma insulin and for peak insulin response to intravenously administered glucose did not change significantly. Changes in capillary basement membrane thickness (BMT) were found to be statistically significant in a number of individual instances. Decreasing BMTs were associated with increasing Ks and vice versa. A similar trend was apparent among other patients, in whom individual changes in BMT were not statistically significant. The pooled data were therefore subjected to chi-square analysis; K and average BMT were found to change in opposite directions (P less than 0.001); a similar relationship held for K and minimum BMT (P less than 0.05). But K and BMT did not correlate well as regards magnitude of change. Influences of phenformin and tolazamide on these changes could not be evaluated. Both BMT and K may be influenced by many complex variables, but the present findings indicate that glucose tolerance and BMT have a close interdependence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

1913 men study - a longitudinal study of the development of stroke in a population.

Risk factors for the development of stroke was studied in a prospective long-term investigation of 855 male in a random population sampled of the same age. After 13 years of follow-up 25 participants had suffered from stroke, which gives an incidence of 19/10,000 annually. At the 1963 year investigation several parametras were studied. The stroke-prone person had higher values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and had a significant greater total heart volume. Blood parametras as the fasting of serum cholesterole, triglyceride and erytrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly elevated in those who developed stroke. They also tended to consume more coffee and showed a higher tobacco consumption. By applying the multiple regression model it was disclosed that the most predective risk-variables were diastolic blood pressure, erytrocyte sedimentation rate and smoking habits.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Longitudinal study of Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers and excretion in pediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease.

Nineteen pediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) who had experienced primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) before, or in one case after, diagnosis, were studied longitudinally for changes in the titers and spectra of EBV-related antibodies, excretion of EBV into the oropharynx, the number of EBV-carrying lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood, and clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of reactivation of the latent virus. The incidence and geometric mean titers of IgG antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA) in the HD patients at the time of diagnosis and in the controls were similar. The anti-VCA titers of the patients rose above control levels during and after therapy and remained elevated for up to 7 years of observation. At no time were heterophil or VCA-specific IgM antibodies detected. Antibodies to EBV-induced early antigens were more common in patients (ultimately 80%) than in controls (9%). In contrast, antibody levels to EBV-associated nuclear antigen were disproportionally low in the patients. Excretion of EBV was noted at increased frequency in the patients but the number of circulating, EBV-carrying lymphoid cells was the same as in controls. No discrete clinical syndrome was associated with rising antibody titers or viral excretion. While these results are best explained by a presumed reactivation of the persistent EBV infection by immunosuppressive effects of HD or its therapy, they have not provided direct evidence for this suggestion.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Subjective adaptation to loss of the work role: a longitudinal study.

Both social psychologists and social gerontologists have expressed considerable interest in adaptation to the loss of central life roles. The relationship between retirement and morale, where morale is viewed as an indicator of adaptation, is an example of research within this theoretical framework. In this study, longitudinal data for a select sample of 58 male subjects were used to examine intensively the process of adaptation to retirement. The strongest finding was evidence of high levels of adaptation in the sample as reflected in the overwhelming stability of morale over time. Multiple regression analysis indicated that social resources, particularly marital status and socioeconomic status, condition the relationship between adaptation and retirement. In summary, our analysis supports current suggestions that retirement be viewed as an event which occasions a complex social process of adaptation conditioned by a variety of resource and temporal variables.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

MHPG, amitriptyline and affective disorders. A longitudinal study.

The daily urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were studied longitudinally in five unipolar depressed patients. The patients were followed first during a pretreatment period, and then during a treatment period in which amitriptyline was administered. The data we have obtained suggest that: (1) there is a wide individual variability in MHPG pretreatment levels: (2) amitriptyline modifies MHPG levels in a way which seems to be related to the pretreatment MHPG; (3) amitriptyline may produce a sustained improvement in depressive symptoms, independent of the pretreatment MHPG values, and (4) the time course of modifications in MHPG excretion is shorter than the time course of improvement in depression. Some theoretical implication of these findings are discussed in terms of the catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Mastication and maturity: a longitudinal study in pigs.

The electromyography of mastication was studied longitudinally in miniature pigs, and the effects of age and food type were assessed. Within-individual variation was large relative to between-individual variation. Duration of chewing strokes increased with age and with more resistant foods. The results are compared with data on human beings and other animals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Longitudinal study of workers employed in the manufacture of toluene-diisocyanate.

Workers at a toluene-diisocyanate manufacturing plant were studied longitudinally to determine the effects of the chemical on their health. Studies included health questionnaire, pulmonary function, environmental monitoring, and immunologic testing. Workers reporting increased lower respiratory symptoms were from the nonsmoker group. Environmental monitoring showed frequent excursions of toluene-diisocyanate concentrations above the threshold limiting value. There was poor correlation between area and personal exposure levels. No exposure-related decline of pulmonary function was demonstrable. Immunologic studies showed development of a positive skin test to a toluene-diisocyanate-human serum albumin conjugate by some persons and an increasing incidence of toluene-diisocyanate-specific IgE antibodies as measured by a radioallergosorbent test. Toluene-diisocyanate did not induce histamine release from leukocytes in vitro but did diminish the in vitro stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate by isoproterenol. Most of the clinically sensitive persons demonstrated adverse bronchial response when challenged by inhalation of toluene-diisocyanate. This response was dose dependent in some persons. When challenged with Mecholyl, clinically sensitive persons showed greater reactivity of airways than nonsensitive persons.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1976

A longitudinal study of morphological craniofacial patterns via P-A x-ray headfilms in cleft patients from birth to six years of age.

652 P-A X-ray headfilms of 51 unilateral cleft lip and palat, UCLP; 27 bilateral cleft lip and palate, BCLP; and 62 isolated cleft palate, CP were studied longitudinally at 0-3 months, 4-6 months, and annually from 1:0-6:0 years. Breadth change, height change, and growth direction of nine paired landmarks were investigated by means of the rectangular coordinate system with right to left zygomatico-frontal suture (Zf) point line as the X-axis and the perpendicular line to this X-axis at the mid-point between the right and left Zf points as the X-axis. Major findings were: (1) Study of Sphenoid body, interorbital, bizygomatico-frontal suture, and bizygomatic arch breadths showed that BCLP had a significantly broader face than either UCLP or CP. An apparent tendency to hypertelorism still remained at 6:0 in this group while UCLP and CP groups were both close to the Bolton Standards. (2) Nasal and maxillary bredths of BCLP and UCLP were significantly wider during the first year than in CP, but they showed only a slight growth change after the age of one year, compared to constant growth in CP. (3) All marked structural differences disappeared by 6:0 suggesting the effects of lip and/or palate surgery. (4) A slight cross-bite was found in UCLP and BCLP, but there was no such cross-bite in CP. (5) The effect of clefting was seen in mandibular dimensions where the bigonial notch was slightly broader than in non-cleft averages. (6) Upper facial height occlusal height, and posterior total facial height in each cleft group seemed to be larger than the Standard, though both maxillary height and gonial notch height approximated the Standard by 6:0 (7) From 0:3-6:0, there was no noteworthy difference among the cleft groups in either growth direction or facial symmetry of upper face and mandible. It was only in the mid-facial and dental areas that notable characteristics peculiar to the type of cleft were found. The landmarks of nasal aperture, maxilla, and dental arch showed a slight medial displacement on the affected side, although the degree and amount depended on the cleft-type.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An ACTH4-9 analog enhances social attention in aging rats: a longitudinal study.

Effect of chronic treatment of the ACTH4-9 analog, Org2766, on social attention was studied longitudinally in aging rats. A 6-week treatment temporarily enhanced specific combinations of behaviors of two interacting animals. During a 6-month treatment social attention of treated animals remained at the same level, whereas control animals showed a gradual decrease. Two months after the treatment was ceased this effect on social attention was still present; moreover, the peptide-treated animals performed better in a spatial water maze task three months after the last injection. In addition, the nerve conduction velocity of the major caudal nerves and the sciatic nerve were measured; aged, peptide-treated animals preserved their conduction velocity. The present study shows beneficial long-lasting effects of the ACTH4-9 analog in aging rats on complex behavioral indices and on a physiological measure.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1977

A longitudinal study on the effect of unilateral extraction of primary molars.

The effect of unilateral extraction of the first or second primary molar on space conditions, need for orthodontic treatment, and eruption stage of permanent canines and second molars has been studied longitudinally in two groups. In Group 1 the first primary molar had been extracted early in 13 cases in the maxilla and in 14 cases in the mandible. In Group 2 the corresponding figures for the second primary molar were 14 and 24 for the maxilla and mandible, respectively. The space on the extraction side in Group 1 was significantly less than on the control side at the age of 9 but not at the age of 13. In Group 2 there was significantly less space on the extraction side than on the control side at the two registration ages (10.5 and 12 years). Need for orthodontic treatment was low in Group 1 and high in Group 2. As for eruption stage of permanent canines and second molars, no significant differences were found between the extraction side and the control side in the two groups.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Renin-angiotensin--aldosterone system and sodium in normal pregnancy: a longitudinal study.

Plasma renin activity, the concentration of angiotensin I and the urinary excretion of aldosterone and sodium were studied longitudinally in 10 healthy primigravidae from the 10th week of pregnancy monthly until the 7th puerperal day. Plasma renin activity and angiotensing I levels were significantly elevated throughout pregnancy and showed maximal mean values at the 10th week, gradually returning to the level of nonpregnant women 7 days after delivery. They daily urinary excretion of aldosterone was also increased throughout pregnancy, but the mean values showed an increasing trend until 34th week. They returned to nonpregnant levels 7 days after delivery. There were no significant changes in the urinary excretion of sodium during pregnancy but the mean value was lower than in the nonpregnant control group. There was a significant positive correlation between urinary aldosterone and sodium values, while an almost significant negative correlation existed between urinary aldosterone and plasma renin activity, suggesting the priority of natriuresis in the regulation of aldosterone secretion during pregnancy. No corrleation was found between plasma renin activity and urinary sodium excretion values.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Age at puberty in relation to age at marriage and parenthood: a national longitudinal study.

A longitudinal study of a British cohort has collected information on puberty, judged by menarcheal age for the girls and the pubertal stage of the boys at age 14 3/4. This information has now been related to the ages at which these young people married and became parents. For the young men there was evidence of a direct relationship between degree of sexual maturity at age 14 3/4 and their ages at entry into marriage and fatherhood. For the young women, if pregnancy did not intervene between menarche and marriage, there was evidence of a direct relationship between menarcheal age and marriage age. But there was no evidence that these earlier-maturing young women became mothers at earlier ages than later maturers. This arose through the later-maturing young women having shorter first birth intervals than the earlier maturers. Premarital conceptions were also more prevalent amongst the later maturers.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Aspects of the six-month developmental examination in a longitudinal study.

In a longitudinal study concerned with the early detection of delayed and aberrant development, the findings at the six-month examination have been studied in some detail. All births within a given catchment area were included and the results on 1200 babies seen at this age are reported. The findings illustrated that under ordinary clinic conditions not all children achieved the "milestones" expected of them at a particular age. The examinations were carried out in child health clinics by a heterogeneous group of doctors with widely varying training and experience, and this is reflected in the differences between the findings of the more and the less experienced doctors. The problems of follow-up and their implications for total population surveillance programmes are considered. A positive approach to routine developmental examinations is advocated, with the emphasis not only on early detection of developmental problems but also on enabling all children to achieve their optimum potential.

Child Development↗
PubMed1976

Chromosomes in old age: a six year longitudinal study.

This first longitudinal study on aged subjects confirms previous cross-sectional observations of increasing aneuploidy with advancing age in women but not in men. In this study of 17 aged twins (mean age 89.7 years), 11 women and 6 men, spanning an interval of approximately 6 years between examinations, only women showed a significant increase in hypodiploidy (also hyperdiploidy and monosomy C). This increase in hypodiploidy was not due to a high frequency of chromosome loss in a few subjects but rather was exhibited by most of the subjects. While men showed a loss in G-group chromosomes during this 6-year interval, that loss was not statistically significant. These findings confirm for the first time by means of longitudinal follow-up that women and not men, even in the ninth decade of life, show a significant increase in hypodiploidy.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The Chatham Blood Pressure Study. An application of Bayesian growth curve models to a longitudinal study of blood pressure in children.

Recent developments in statistics have produced powerful methods that facilitate the analysis of longitudinal studies. These methods are illustrated by an analysis of a longitudinal study of blood pressure in children. The results of the study show a clear tendency for blood pressure to increase with age, and Asian children tend to have lower blood pressures than their Caucasian counterparts of the same age. There is evidence to support the hypothesis that blood pressures track.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Aggression and peer acceptance in adolescent boys: two short-term longitudinal studies of ratings.

2 longitudinal studies covering a 1-year and a 3-year interval, respectively were conducted on 2 samples of boys aged 13 years (N1=85, N2=201). On the basis of an adaptation of multimethod-multivariable analysis and other analyses it was found that information contained in the 4 rating dimensions under study to an overwhelming degree reflected characteristics of the boys, not rater biases. The results indicated very high or high degrees of stability over time in the dimensions studied concerning aggression and peer acceptance. The results for the aggressive area were construed as strong evidence for assuming relatively stable, individual-differentiating reaction tendencies or motive systems within the boys. The findings also provided strong evidence that certain aspects of each boy's interpersonal environment were stably different for different boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Vitamin D Supplementation Modulates Base Excision Repair (BER) Machinery in Systemic Sclerosis: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, autoimmune, fibrotic disorder involving immune dysregulation, vascular abnormalities and progressive fibrosis. Although oxidative stress and defective DNA repair have been implicated in its pathogenesis, the impact of vitamin D on DNA repair pathways remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of DNA repair enzymes in SSc, explore their relationship with vitamin D status and assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the transcriptional expression of these enzymes. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 52 female patients with SSc and 31 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Gene expression levels of base excision repair (BER) enzymes (APE1 and OGG1) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) enzymes (XPA and XPC) were analyzed. Serum vitamin D levels were measured and correlated with disease activity scores. In a prospective arm of the study, patients received six months of vitamin D supplementation and their DNA repair capacity was evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Baseline expression of APE1 and OGG1 was significantly lower in SSc patients than in HCs, whereas expression of the NER genes remained unchanged, indicating selective impairment of the BER pathway. Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in SSc and inversely correlated with disease severity. Supplementation significantly increased serum vitamin D levels and up-regulated APE1 and OGG1 expression; while NER genes remained unaffected. These findings are consistent with evidence of elevated oxidative DNA lesions in SSc and support a mechanistic link between BER activity and the repair of oxidative DNA damage. SSc patients exhibit reduced transcription of BER-specific enzymes associated with vitamin D deficiency andrestoration of vitamin D levels partially rescues BER enzyme expression. These findingshighlight a potentially modifiable axis linking micronutrient status, genomic stability and disease activity and provide a rationale for investigating vitamin D optimization as an adjunctive strategy to enhance DNA repair and potentially attenuate inflammatory and fibrotic processes in SSc.

Humans↗