Assessment of therapeutic safety in systematic reviews: literature review.
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Evidence-Based Medicine↗
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How to conduct a literature review.
Literature reviews require a range of skills if they are to be carried out successfully. This article details some of the skills required and how they can be integrated to produce a review relevant to practice.
Nursing Research↗
The ferrule effect: a literature review.
LITERATURE REVIEW: A ferrule is a metal ring or cap used to strengthen the end of a stick or tube. It has been proposed that the use of a ferrule as part of the core or artificial crown may be of benefit in reinforcing root-filled teeth. A review of the literature investigating this effect is presented. The literature demonstrates that a ferrule effect occurs owing to the artificial crown bracing against the dentine extending coronal to the crown margin. Overall, it can be concluded that a ferrule is desirable, but should not be provided at the expense of the remaining tooth/root structure.
Crowns↗
Steps in reviewing literature.
Reviewing the literature is an important part of the research process. Systematic steps to follow when evaluating the literature include critiquing the following: title, abstract, problem, purpose, theoretical or conceptual framework or model, implications for nursing, review of literature, hypotheses or research questions, variables, instruments, subjects, ethical concerns, research designs, results, conclusions, recommendations, and future studies. Frequently, the reader must search for these topics since few studies list the above as separate headings; however, it is important to evaluate each to determine a study's relevance to the reader's research needs.
Humans↗
Quantitative reviewing: the literature review as scientific inquiry.
The literature review process is conceptualized as a form of scientific inquiry that involves methodological requirements and inferences similar to those employed in primary research. Five stages of quantitative reviewing that parallel stages in primary investigation are identified and briefly described. They include problem formation, data collection, data evaluation, analysis and interpretation, and reporting the results. The first two stages provide information and guidelines relevant to reviewers' employing traditional narrative procedures or conducting reviews of qualitative research literature. The final three stages relate specifically to the methodology of quantitative reviewing. The argument is made that quantitative reviewing procedures represent a paradigm shift that can assist researchers and clinicians in occupational therapy to establish a scientific data base that will serve to guide theory development and validate clinical practice.
Data Collection↗
[Extra-uterine twin pregnancy. Observation of a case of bilateral tubal pregnancy and literature review].
Literature was reviewed for the rare case of extra-uterine twin pregnancy, with particular reference being made to a real case of bilateral tubal twin pregnancy. Topographic aspects and age of pregnancy should be taken into account for definition. Aetiological factors and clinical peculiarities are discussed. The author holds that so far less than 100 cases have been reported in which bilateral tubal twin pregnancy had been safely established.
Adult↗
The evidence base for community-based rehabilitation: a literature review.
Literature on community-based rehabilitation (CBR) published between 1978 and 2002 is reviewed to assess the evidence base for CBR. There were 128 articles found that met the criteria set by the authors. The articles have been classified according to the methodology used and the key aspects studied. The review showed an ever-increasing number of publications on CBR. Theory papers and descriptive studies are the most common types of papers in CBR literature. Intervention studies and case reports are relatively rare. No systematic review has yet been carried out although reviews on specific aspects of CBR have become available. The key aspects of 'implementation' and 'stakeholders' are relatively well presented but the numbers of articles on 'participation' and 'use of local resources' are noticeably low. This study reveals that there is no real focus of research in CBR and therefore the evidence base for CBR is fragmented and incoherent on almost all aspects of CBR. It is recommended that comprehensive review studies should be carried out on key aspects of CBR projects. This should be supported by systematic research in CBR projects in order to establish evidence-based practices.
Community Health Services↗
[Biochemical characteristics of the blood red cells in pathological conditions (a literature review)].
Literature data on processes occurring in membranes of blood red cells under normal and pathological conditions are revieved.
Animals↗
Nature of preventable adverse drug events in hospitals: a literature review.
A literature review was conducted to identify the drug classes, types of errors, and types of adverse outcomes related to preventable adverse drug events (pADEs). Studies were identified by keyword search of MEDLINE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and by a manual search. The search was limited to peer-reviewed literature reporting pADEs in hospitalized patients and the frequencies of at least one pADE characteristic. The frequencies of pADEs and their characteristics were summarized using median and range. Ten studies published between 1994 and 2001 were included in the review. The reported median frequency of pADEs was 1.8% (range, 1.3-7.8%), and the median preventability rate of ADEs in the hospitals was 35.2% (range, 18.7-73.2%). Cardiovascular drugs were implicated for 17.9% of pADEs (range, 4.3-28.1%). Most pADEs occurred in the prescribing stage of the medication-use process and were dose related. Inappropriate prescribing decisions and patient monitoring were the most frequently identified causes of pADEs. The most common adverse outcomes were allergic reactions, hepatic or renal problems, cardiovascular problems, hematologic problems and bleeding, and central nervous system problems. Frequently reported examples of pADEs included antihypertensive overdose associated with bradycardia or hypotension, antiinfectives prescribed despite a history of allergy, warfarin overdose and inappropriate monitoring resulting in hemorrhage, and opioid overdose or underdose associated with respiratory depression or poor pain control, respectively. Despite the heterogeneity of pADEs, the results of this literature review suggest that a few types of drugs, errors, and adverse outcomes constitute a substantial proportion of pADEs. Targeting these high-priority areas could significantly reduce the overall frequency of pADEs.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
[Marginal periodontium and osseointegrated implants--literature review and own investigations. 1. Literature review].
A review from literature is given to problems of osseointegration of implants, to the biologic host defensive mechanism against plaque accumulation in the marginal region of osseointegrated implants as well as to problems of functional occlusal stress of such implants. Results of an investigation at IMZ-implants are integrated in the discussion: size of plaque accumulation, quality of subgingival plaque (dark field microscopy), bleeding on probing, pocket depth, correlation between these clinical signs.
Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
Oncology and nononcology nurses' spiritual well-being and attitudes toward spiritual care: a literature review.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review literature about oncology and nononcology nurses' attitudes toward spiritual care and the way that their spiritual well-being influences those attitudes. DATA SOURCES: Published research and literature review articles, books, master's theses, and doctoral dissertations. DATA SYNTHESIS: Spiritual considerations play an important part in the lives of patients with cancer. Therefore, nurses must not only examine their attitudes toward spiritual care but also identify variables that influence those attitudes. One of the major variables that may influence their attitudes is their own spiritual well-being. CONCLUSIONS: A significant association exists between attitudes toward spiritual care and spiritual well-being in nurses who care for nononcology populations. However, little research examines oncology nurses' attitudes toward spiritual care and the way that their spiritual well-being affects those attitudes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurse researchers need to examine the spiritual dimension of oncology nurses and the way that this influences attitudes toward spiritual caregiving.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Children visiting members of their family receiving treatment in ICUs: a literature review.
Occasionally people ask if children can visit members of their family who are patients in our intensive care unit (ICU). To allow us to devise a unit policy based on research, the author felt it necessary to review literature concerning child visitors to ICUs, more specifically the reasons why they should or should not be allowed to visit. Unfortunately very little has been written about the effects of visits to ICU on children; so it was felt that it would be beneficial to review the literature concerning child visitors to wards other than ICUs, as well, and also review the reasons behind hospital visiting policies for adults. The literature reviewed suggested that no reasons have been found not to allow children to visit but that advice should be given to the parents allowing them to come to the final decision. If the parents then decide to allow the child to visit, further support for all the family should be given.
Child↗
Demystifying the clinical nursing research process: the literature review.
The literature review is a critical step in designing and conducting a credible study. It might seem tedious at first, but your own ideas will become better developed and thoughtful as you critique what other researchers have done. It will make your study stronger. Thus, don't skim over this part of the process. A good literature review will make the next steps easier. It will also assure that you are studying an important area, that the outcome has clinical importance to your patients, and that writing and reporting the results will be easier.
Clinical Nursing Research↗
Cardiac electrophysiology studies and ablation procedures: a literature review.
This literature review is focused on issues related to the development and usefulness of cardiac electrophysiology studies and ablation procedures. During the past decade, the efficacy of these developments has been proven. The resultant emergence of specialists trained as electrophysiologists represents an important milestone in the advancement of cardiology departments internationally. The majority of research papers on the subject have been published within the past 5 years. Most of the research has evolved from North America and Britain. On searching the literature, it was found that many gaps remain. There is a striking dearth of documented data regarding electrophysiology studies and ablation therapy within the Irish medical and nursing literature, and no previous literature review on the topic was found in a wider search. This paper provides an overview of the strengths and weaknesses associated with these procedures.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
Inappropriate attendance at accident and emergency departments: a literature review.
This literature review was written as part of a pilot study into staff perceptions of inappropriate attendance at accident and emergency (A&E) departments. The pilot study was carried out in the final year of the BSc Nursing Studies course at Birmingham Polytechnic. The literature under review looks at various aspects of inappropriate attendance at A&E, including what actually constitutes inappropriate attendance, who is responsible for misuse of A&E and why A&E is so often abused. Suggestions are offered that the role of A&E is more diverse than simply a receiving station for sudden injury or illness and that there are quite pertinent reasons why people choose to attend A&E rather than their own GP's surgery. The review covers quite a span of years, the oldest piece of literature under review dating back to 1849. Some 143 years show that indeed this particular problem is not necessarily a modern one but one that has its origins in another century.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
The effect of disease prevention and health promotion on workplace productivity: a literature review.
This report was prepared by the Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion in the Institute for Health and Productivity Management as part of an effort to improve understanding of the connection between employee health and performance and to begin to identify new strategies through which treating health as an investment in human capital can lead to greater business success. Computer database searches of peer-reviewed literature published between 1993 and 1998 and manual reviews of 20 journals were used to identify research on the link between employee health and performance. Data was extracted to summarize the overall findings on the magnitude of health problems addressed by health promotion and disease prevention programs, and the impact of interventions on improving health risk, reducing medical care cost, and improving worker performance. From this summary, major conclusions on early detection of disease, the impact of behavior change programs, and appropriate care-seeking were drawn. This systematic review is supplemented with summaries of 15 seminal articles and descriptions of five leading-practices programs. The influence of developments in work/family issues, complementary and alternative medicine, and quality of care and health outcomes research are briefly discussed. Finally, a conceptual framework for studying the impact of health and productivity is described.
Decision Support Techniques↗
Do family planning programs affect fertility preferences? A literature review.
A literature review finds few studies about whether family planning programs have reduced fertility preferences. The strong and surprising evidence from Matlab, Bangladesh, demonstrated that this intensive program did not decrease preferences; however, it did crystallize latent demand for fewer children, resulting in a demand for contraception. One cross-national multivariate study was consistent with this finding. A few intracountry multivariate studies found small program effects, decreasing the number of children that couples want. An intensive multimethod study in India found plausible larger effects. Most studies of program media effects are flawed by possible selection bias, but one longitudinal study avoids this pitfall and finds large effects for one country. Program feedback effects are plausible but not yet demonstrated empirically. The effects of a coercive program are plausible, at least in China, but not definitively demonstrated. Several promising unpublished studies may strengthen the case for program effects in reducing fertility preferences, now often based on plausible but not conclusive evidence. Stronger generalizations require better studies of a wider range of locations.
Choice Behavior↗
A systematic literature review of cultural concepts taught by pharmacist preceptors during pharmacy student experiential placements.
BACKGROUND: Cultural concepts such as cultural intelligence, awareness, competency and safety are essential in guiding culturally responsive care in health professional practice. Pharmacist preceptors play a pivotal role in sharing both clinical and cultural safe practice with pharmacy students. Culturally responsive care can contribute to achieving health equity, which is especially important for Indigenous communities. AIM: To review literature on cultural concepts in pharmacist preceptorship practices, and how these concepts are taught and communicated to pharmacy students during experiential learning. METHOD: The systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 guideline. Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to identify articles specific to pharmacist preceptors and pharmacy students published between 2015 and 2025, and available in English. RESULTS: Three full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. Major themes and subthemes were identified; pharmacist preceptors lacked preparedness to teach cultural concepts, resulting in variability in preceptors' understanding of cultural concepts and confidence in fulfilling preceptor responsibilities, underutilised structured frameworks to guide students' learning, challenges with preceptorship due to limited resources and support, and the influence of preceptorship on student learning, which impacted students' learning and competency. CONCLUSION: Pharmacy students had minimal exposure to culturally informed pharmacist preceptorship. It is likely that pharmacist preceptors require country-specific educational resources to support culturally safe preceptorship. Future research is required to substantiate these findings, and to guide culturally responsive practice and promote equitable health outcomes in diverse populations.
Humans↗