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Results for “Light Pollution”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Birds of a feather flock together: social context exacerbates the effects of light pollution on circadian disruption.

Artificial light at night (ALAN), a growing pervasive pollutant, disrupts physiological and behavioural rhythms across organisms. Social interactions play a significant role in shaping individual and group biological rhythms, but they are often overlooked in the context of environmental stressors, such as ALAN. We explore how dim ALAN affects zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) in social and isolated environments, examining behavioural, physiological and molecular rhythms. We found that social birds under ALAN had an earlier activity onset and greater disruption in hypothalamic and liver circadian gene expression than control or isolated counterparts under ALAN. Additionally, we found that activity onset correlated negatively with hypothalamic bmal1 and cry1 expression in birds exposed to ALAN. Within ALAN-exposed birds, there was a larger disassociation between central and peripheral clock gene expression for social birds than in isolated birds. However, rhythmic melatonin concentrations did not differ among treatment groups. We show that social interactions may exacerbate the effects of ALAN, which highlights the impact of social interactions on circadian regulation at a molecular level and a critical need to consider social contexts in biological studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Why the incidence of cancer is increasing: the role of 'light pollution'.

At present, cancer is responsible for almost half of all deaths among women 45-64 years of age, and about 30% of all deaths among men in the same age group (1). This high rate represents a marked increase from the end of the last century (2), and it probably has a multifactorial etiology. Air pollution, smoking, diet, alcohol, occupational exposures and stress are all considered as possible etiologic and risk factors (3). We put forward a hypothesis that one of the most important etiologic factors in the rapid growth rate of cancer is the change of light exposure that took place in the last 100 years, especially in the developed countries. Increased light exposure acting through the pineal gland reduces melatonin production, thereby diminishing the non-specific oncostatic effects of the pineal gland.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Mutagenic activity of the leachate of municipal solid waste landfill.

Organic concentrates were recovered using XAD-2/8 resin adsorption from the leachates of municipal solid waste landfills and their mutagenic activities were tested for 8 months using the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. Highly polluted leachates (COD and BOD > or = 40 mg/l) generally had equal or higher mutagenic activities than lightly polluted leachates (COD and BOD < 40 mg/l). But there was no clear difference in mutagenicity per amount of concentrate between the two leachates. These results suggest that the mutagenic activity of landfill leachate is decided to some degree by the organic concentration in the leachate. The mutagenic activities detected even in lightly polluted leachates were not so low as those of various kind of surface waters ever reported. It is suggested that it is important to investigate the mutagenic activity of the leachate for evaluation of the impact of landfill leachate on the environment.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2024

Microbial diversity and metabolic pathways linked to benzene degradation in petrochemical-polluted groundwater.

The rapid advance in shotgun metagenome sequencing has enabled us to identify uncultivated functional microorganisms in polluted environments. While aerobic petrochemical-degrading pathways have been extensively studied, the anaerobic mechanisms remain less explored. Here, we conducted a study at a petrochemical-polluted groundwater site in Henan Province, Central China. A total of twelve groundwater monitoring wells were installed to collect groundwater samples. Benzene appeared to be the predominant pollutant, detected in 10 out of 12 samples, with concentrations ranging from 1.4&#xa0;&#x3bc;g/L to 5,280&#xa0;&#x3bc;g/L. Due to the low aquifer permeability, pollutant migration occurred slowly, resulting in relatively low benzene concentrations downstream within the heavily polluted area. Deep metagenome sequencing revealed Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum, accounting for over 63&#xa0;% of total abundances. Microbial &#x3b1;-diversity was low in heavily polluted samples, with community compositions substantially differing from those in lightly polluted samples. dmpK encoding the phenol/toluene 2-monooxygenase was detected across all samples, while the dioxygenase bedC1 was not detected, suggesting that aerobic benzene degradation might occur through monooxygenation. Sequence assembly and binning yielded 350 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), with 30 MAGs harboring functional genes associated with aerobic or anaerobic benzene degradation. About 80&#xa0;% of MAGs harboring functional genes associated with anaerobic benzene degradation remained taxonomically unclassified at the genus level, suggesting that our current database coverage of anaerobic benzene-degrading microorganisms is very limited. Furthermore, two genes integral to anaerobic benzene metabolism, i.e, benzoyl-CoA reductase (bamB) and glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (acd), were not annotated by metagenome functional analyses but were identified within the MAGs, signifying the importance of integrating both contig-based and MAG-based approaches. Together, our efforts of functional annotation and metagenome binning generate a robust blueprint of microbial functional potentials in petrochemical-polluted groundwater, which is crucial for designing proficient bioremediation strategies.

Groundwater↗
PubMed1967

Viral depuration of the Northern quahaug.

A study was conducted to evaluate critically the feasibility of using the self-cleansing mechanism as a practical means to obtain virus-free shellfish. Two systems supplied with fresh running seawater, three strains of human enterovirus and the Northern quahaug, were used as working models. Preliminary experiments in the experimental system under arbitrarily selected conditions showed that depuration of poliovirus-polluted quahaugs could be achieved by the method used for the Eastern oyster. The factors affecting viral depuration studied so far included: (i) initial concentration of shellfish pollution; (ii) temperature of seawater; and (iii) salinity of seawater. It was shown that purification of the lightly polluted shellfish was achieved sooner than of the heavily polluted ones. The efficiency of viral depuration was roughly a function of the water temperature within the range tested (5 to 20 C). Reduction of salinity to 50 to 60% of the original level stopped this process completely, but 25% reduction in salinity did not affect significantly the rate of depuration. Preliminary study in the pilot system showed that viral depuration in the large tank appeared to be equally as efficient as that in the small experimental tanks under the particular conditions.

Enterovirus↗
PubMed1989

Studies on the efficacy and persistence of the microbial agent bacillus sphaericus against larvae of culex pipiens pallens.

This paper evaluates the efficacy of the bacterial larvicide bacillus sphaericus strains BS-10 and C3-41, which are isolated in China, as well as BS2362 against larvae of Culex pipiens pallens in laboratory and under field conditions. The results indicate that C3-41 has the highest toxicity with LC50 at 0.0057 ppm and the bacterial formulations are more effective in light polluted water than in heavy polluted one, but the action of B. sphaericus could persist longer in more polluted water.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A study of work conditions on board fishing vessels in the far-eastern region.

The authors present the results of investigations conducted on board sea-going fishing vessels during long-lasting voyage. They covered common dangerous occupational exposures to noise vibration, lighting, microclimate, air pollution in the work zone and the ship construction. The negative conditions these concerning were described.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

[Studies of the effect of environmental factors on the visual system (based on the examination of workers at a precision instrument factory)].

The studies involved 254 workers of a Precise Devices Plant. The impact of working conditions (chemical pollutants and lighting) on the sight organ was examined. In the test group a considerable percentage (29.5%) of chronic conjunctivitis was found. The disease results from a long-lasting exposure to dusts of various origin, as well as from improper lighting. The posttraumatic and post-inflammatory impairments of the sight organ, diagnosed by ophthalmological examinations, were not of occupational origin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Photodecomposition of 1-nitropyrene and other direct-acting mutagens extracted from diesel-exhaust particulates.

The effect of irradiation with wavelengths of 320-418 nm on direct-acting mutagenicity of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and particulate-matter extracts of a direct-injecting diesel engine was examined. The activity of samples in the Ames test with and without addition of S9 mix in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98, TA100 and TA1538 decreased with increasing irradiation energy. Visible light was sufficient to destroy the mutagenicity of a 0.1-mM 1-NP solution. The same was true for particulate matter crude extracts as well as the transitional and oxygenate subfractions isolated by column chromatography. UV spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography and GC-MS analysis were performed to characterize the irradiation products of 1-NP. The mechanism of photodecomposition of 1-NP at different wavelengths and the significance of this finding for the evaluation of health risks from diesel vehicles are discussed.

Air Pollutants↗