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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Marriage, marriage dissolution, and death 1976-1990: figures from life tables].

Life table data for the Netherlands are presented by marital status, age, and sex for four Dutch cohorts: never married, married, divorced, and widowed. "The numbers of survivors in each marital status are computed using sex, age and marital status specific rates...." Consideration is given to nonmarital fertility; average ages at first marriage, divorce, and remarriage; life expectancy at birth; and average age at death by sex and marital status. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1991

A general theory of life table construction and a precise abridged life table method.

"In this paper we lay the foundation of life table construction by unifying the existing life table methods. We also present a new method of constructing current (period) abridged life tables.... The development includes (1) a careful formulation and computation of age-specific death rates, (2) derivation of a new set of formulas for computing the survivorship function from the observed age-specific death rates and populations, (3) estimation of the main life table functions by spline interpolation, integration and differentiation, and (4) use of a quadratic and a Gompertz function to close the life table.... The method is illustrated with construction of abridged life tables using Canadian data."

Americas↗
PubMed1991

Construction of expanded continuous life tables--a generalization of abridged and complete life tables.

This article extends the recent abridged life-table method of Hsieh. It generalizes the conventional discrete (abridged and complete) life tables into a continuous life table that can produce life-table functions at any age and develops a unified method of life-table construction that simplifies the disparate laborious procedures used in the traditional approach of constructing abridged and complete life tables. A set of precise procedures based on the complete cubic spline for the main body of the table and a mortality law for advanced ages is developed for estimating the basic and nonbasic life-table functions from a given mortality schedule. The proposed method can also produce more life-table functions than other existing methods. The method is illustrated with Canadian data.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Life table analysis.

Life table analysis is an effective way to present and evaluate survival data in a number of circumstances. The summary tables and survival curves that are commonly seen in the medical literature are frequently derived through life table analysis. A basic understanding of life table construction is of benefit to the medical director who wishes to abstract comparative mortality data from study reports. This article reviews the basic methodology of life table analysis with a particular focus on handling right-censored study participants as withdrawals.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Approximations and heuristics for the "cause-modified" life table.

Life-table analysis can help to gauge the lifetime impacts that accrue from modifications to (age-specific) baseline mortality. Modifications of interest include those stemming from risk-factor-related exposures or from interventions. The specific algorithm used in these analyses can be called a cause-modified life table (a generalization of the cause-deleted life table). The author presents an approach for approximating that algorithm and uses it to obtain remarkably simplified expressions for approximating three indices of common interest: life-years lost (LYL), excess lifetime risk ratio (ELRR), and risk of exposure-induced death (REID). These efforts are restricted to the special case of multiplicative increases to baseline mortality (modeled as an excess rate ratio, ERR). The simplified expressions effectively "break open" what is often treated as a "black-box" calculation. Several insights result. For a practical range of risk factor impacts (ERRs), each index can be related to the ERR as a function of a baseline summary statistic and a "characteristic number" specific to the population and cause of interest. Conveniently, those numbers help form "rules of thumb" for translating among the three indices and suggest heuristics for extrapolating indices across populations and causes of death.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Mortality analyses of the 1990 Singapore population: I. General life tables.

General life tables for the 1990 Singapore resident population are given in this paper. Analyses were carried out separately for males and females for all ethnic groups as well as for Chinese, Malays and Indians. Average fractions of the last age interval lived were used to give a more precise derivation of the life table death rates from their corresponding age-specific death rates. The results show that in 1990, Singapore males had achieved a life expectancy at birth of 73.7 years while the females had attained a level of 78.6 years. These levels were comparable to those of many developed countries. Other interesting features include higher differentials in the life expectancies between sexes among the Chinese and the Indians taking over the Malays for second placing in terms of life expectancy at birth for both sexes. As a result, the Indians registered a 12% gain in life expectancy at birth for males for the decade 1980 to 1990, compared to only 7.1% for Chinese and 4.4% for Malays as well as nearly 10% for females compared to only 6.2% for Chinese and 6.3% for Malays. A subsequent paper will highlight the results of multiple-decrement life table analyses which will summarise the mortality of the 1990 Singapore resident population for various component causes of death rather than for all causes combined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A computer program for multiple decrement life table analyses.

Life table analysis has traditionally been the tool of choice in analyzing distribution of "survival" times when a parametric form for the survival curve could not be reasonably assumed. Chiang, in two papers [1,2] formalized the theory of life table analyses in a Markov chain framework and derived maximum likelihood estimates of the relevant parameters for the analyses. He also discussed how the techniques could be generalized to consider competing risks and follow-up studies. Although various computer programs exist for doing different types of life table analysis [3] to date, there has not been a generally available, well documented computer program to carry out multiple decrement analyses, either by Chiang's or any other method. This paper describes such a program developed by Research Triangle Institute. A user's manual is available at printing costs which supplements the contents of this paper with a discussion of the formula used in the program listing.

Computers↗
PubMed1999

United States life tables, 1997.

The life tables in this report are current life tables for the United States based on age-specific death rates in 1997. Beginning with 1997 mortality data, complete U.S. life tables were constructed using a new methodology that replaces the abridged life table methodology used previously. The methodology is similar to that used in the decennial life tables. Also, life expectancy and other life table values are shown for ages 85 to 100 years for the first time as part of the annual U.S. life tables. Data used to prepare these life tables are 1997 final mortality statistics; July 1, 1997, population estimates; and data from the Medicare program. Presented are complete life tables by age, race, and sex. In 1997 the overall expectation of life at birth was 76.5 years, an increase of 0.4 years compared with life expectancy in 1996. Life expectancy increased from 1996 to 1997 for each of the four race-sex groups for which life expectancy is reported. Life expectancy increased for black males by 1.1 year (from 66.1 to 67.2), for black females by 0.5 year (from 74.2 to 74.7), for white males by 0.4 year (from 73.9 to 74.3), and for white females by 0.2 year (from 79.7 to 79.9).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Constructing increment-decrement life tables.

A life table model which can recognize increments (or entrants) as well as decrements has proven to be of considerable value in the analysis of marital status patterns, labor force participation patterns, and other areas of substantive interest. Nonetheless, relatively little work has been done on the methodology of increment-decrement (or combined) life tables. The present paper reviews the general, recursive solution of Schoen and Nelson (1974), develops explicit solutions for three cases of particular interest, and compares alternative approaches to the construction of increment-decrement tables.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

United States life tables, 1998.

The life tables in this report are current life tables for the United States based on age-specific death rates in 1998. Data used to prepare these life tables are 1998 final mortality statistics; July 1, 1998, population estimates; and data from the Medicare program. Presented are complete life tables by age, race, and sex. In 1998 the overall expectation of life at birth was 76.7 years, an increase of 0.2 years compared with life expectancy in 1997. Life expectancy increased from 1997 to 1998 for each of the four race-sex groups for which life expectancy is reported. Life expectancy increased for black males by 0.4 year (from 67.2 to 67.6), for black females by 0.1 year (from 74.7 to 74.8), for white males by 0.2 year (from 74.3 to 74.5), and for white females by 0.1 year (from 79.9 to 80.0).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The impact of estimation method and population adjustment on Canadian life table estimates.

Abridged life tables centred on 1991 were produced from the 1991 Canadian census, net census undercoverage estimates, and death data from 1990 to 1992. The sensitivity of life table values to differing methods of estimation and population estimates was investigated. The results from four methods by Greville, Chiang, and Keyfitz were compared, and population estimates, both adjusted and unadjusted for net census undercoverage, were used to test the effects of method and type of population estimates on life table values. The results indicate that the method used to derive the estimates had much less influence on the life table values than did the choice of population estimate. The change in life expectancy at birth due to the method of calculation chosen was at most 15 days, whereas the change due to the population estimate chosen was about 73 days. Since there are age, sex and provincial variations in net undercoverage rates, life expectancies differed accordingly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Marriages, divorces, and number of children: life tables on the family life cycle in Austria].

A multistate life table approach to the analysis of the family life cycle is outlined. "After calculating one-dimensional nuptiality and divorce tables and presenting a recently developed model of a fertility table based on parity, a multi-state model is described in which the cells represent all possible combinations of marital status and parity." The model is applied to data from the 1976 and 1981 micro-censuses of Austria. Findings regarding marriage, divorce, fertility, and fertility differentials by education are discussed. (summary in ENG)

Austria↗
PubMed1988

Rehabilitation outcome following initial unilateral hemispheric stroke. Life table analysis approach.

Life table analysis is a powerful statistical tool that has become the preferred technique for studying both the natural history of and the effect of treatment on disease outcome. We have found only one report using life table analysis to study rehabilitation outcome after stroke. We assessed the recovery of both independent ambulation and overall self-care function in 95 consecutive patients with unilateral hemispheric stroke using life table analysis. Our results support the segregation of patients into the following prognostic subgroups at the time of entry into the rehabilitation program (mean +/- SD 5 +/- 3 weeks after stroke): 1) motor deficit only, 2) motor deficit plus somatic sensory deficit, and 3) motor deficit plus somatic sensory deficit plus homonymous visual deficit. The probabilities of reaching independence in ambulation, being able to walk 150 feet with assistance, reaching independence in self-care function, and reaching a point of assisted self care (Barthel Index score of greater than or equal to 60) are highly significantly different among subgroups. The interval after stroke required to reach the plateau phase of recovery is also significantly different among subgroups. We propose that life table analysis can be used 1) to define patient outcome goals, 2) to define the time required to reach such goals, 3) to identify patients with medical or behavioral comorbidity who are functioning below their expected level, and 4) to assess the effect of alternative treatment regimens on both final outcome and time to reach that outcome.

Actuarial Analysis↗