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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Uptake of arsenic by New Zealand watercress (Lepidium sativum).

Watercress (Lepidium sativum) is consumed as a vegetable, especially by the indigenous community in New Zealand. An investigation was carried out on the accumulation of arsenic by watercress, following earlier reports of inordinate arsenic concentrations in some aquatic macrophytes collected from the Waikato River, North Island, New Zealand. The Waikato River and some other aquatic systems in Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand have elevated arsenic concentrations due to geothermal activity. Watercress, river water and sediment samples were collected from 27 sites along the Waikato river and analysed for arsenic. Greenhouse trials with watercress grown in beakers containing added arsenic were conducted to confirm the ability of this species to accumulate arsenic. At a number of sites, the concentration of arsenic in both the water and the watercress samples exceeded the World Health Organisation (WHO) limit for drinking water (0.01 mg l(-1)) and foodstuffs (2 mg kg(-1) on a fresh weight basis). The average leaf and stem arsenic concentrations were, respectively, 29.0 and 15.9 mg kg(-1) on a fresh weight basis. Plants grown in solutions of >0.4 mg l(-1) arsenic concentration had fresh weight arsenic concentrations above the WHO limit. Despite these higher concentrations, arsenic levels in plants grown under greenhouse conditions were approximately fivefold lower than in plants growing in the Waikato River, possibly because under natural conditions, the watercress is rooted in sediment containing on average approximately 35 mg kg(-1) arsenic. It is recommended that watercress from the Waikato River, or other areas with elevated water arsenic concentrations, should not be consumed.

Arsenic↗
PubMed1998

Seven imidazole alkaloids from Lepidium sativum.

The seeds of Lepidium sativum afforded five new dimeric imidazole alkaloids lepidine B, C, D, E and F in addition to the known imidazole alkaloid lepidine and two new monomeric imidazole alkaloids semilepidinoside A and B. Their structure were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Microtubules in statocytes from roots of cress (Lepidium sativum L.).

Statocytes in root caps of Lepidium sativum L. were examined by means of ultrathin serial sections to evaluate the amount and distribution of cortical microtubules. The microtubules encircle the cell, oriented normal to the root length axis. In the distal cell edges, microtubules form a network, separating the distal complex of endoplasmic reticulum from the plasmalemma. Preprophase bands in meristem cells are observable rarely, structures which can be regarded as nucleating sites for microtubules are lacking. During ageing of the root cap cells, the number of microtubules increases in combination with a decrease of microtubule length. Development of the roots on a horizontal clinostat preserves a "younger" developmental stage of the microtubule system regarding amount and length of the individual microtubules. Evidence for an involvement of microtubules in graviperception is low, whereas their role in orienting cellulose microfibrils cannot be ruled out. Compression of the distal network of microtubules after centrifugation of the roots indicates that microtubules in statocytes of Lepidium sativum L. roots might function in stabilizing the distal complex of endoplasmic reticulum.

Brassicaceae↗
PubMed1984

A role of microtubules in the polarity of statocytes from roots of Lepidium sativum L.

When roots of Lepidium sativum L. are immersed in a colchicine solution (10(-4) mol l-1, the cortical microtubules of statocytes are affected such that the dense network of microtubules at the distal cell edges, between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane, disappears almost completely, whereas the microtubules, lining the anticlinal cell walls are reduced only to a limited extent. Upon inversion of colchicine-pretreated roots, the distal complex of endoplasmic reticulum sinks into the interior of the statocyte. Germination of seeds in the cold (3-4 degrees C) leads to a retardation of statocyte development; the elaborated system of endoplasmic reticulum is lacking, and only a few microtubules are observable, lining the plasma membrane along the anticlinal cell walls. During an additional 4 h at 24 degrees C, groups of microtubules develop near the plasma membrane in the distal one-third of the statocytes, coaligning with newly synthesized cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. It is proposed that, particularly at the distal statocyte pole, microtubules in coordination with cross-bridging structures, act in stabilizing the polar arrangement of the distal endoplasmic reticulum and, in turn, facilitate an integrated function of amyloplasts, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane in graviperception.

Brassicaceae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacological studies on Lepidium sativum, linn.

Pharmacological studies on Lepidium sativum suggested in it the presence of a cardioactive substance, which is unstable in solution, shows tachyphylaxis and probably exerts its actions through adrenergic mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of various levels of dietary Lepidium sativum L. seeds in rats.

A toxicity study was made on Lepidium sativum L. seeds used in Saudi traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Lepidium sativum L. seed fed to Wistar albino rats at 2% (w/w) was non-toxic, Ten percent (w/w) was toxic but not fatal and 50% (w/w) of the diet for 6 weeks was lethal and caused depression in growth rate and entero-hepato-nephrotoxicity. Organ lesions accompanied by anemia and leukopenia were correlated with alterations in serum AST and ALT activities and concentrations of total protein, cholesterol, urea, and other serum constituents.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Assessment of toxic interactions of heavy metals in a multicomponent mixture using Lepidium sativum and Spirodela polyrrhiza.

The toxicities of copper, chromium, cadmium, nickel, manganese, zinc, and lead ions and various concentrations of mixtures of them were studied using the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrrhiza and the terrestrial plant Lepidium sativum. The composition of the model mixture was based on average analytical data of the annual amounts of representative heavy metals (HM) in wastewater discharged from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Lithuania) during 1996. The observed and predicted effects of the HM mixture on tested plants were evaluated and compared with the prediction models used in describing the toxic interactions of heavy metals in the mixture. The type of toxic interaction at each tested concentration of the mixture was assessed by a statistical approach that tested the null hypothesis of additive toxicity (Ince et al., 1999) and the mixture toxicity index (MTI; Könemann, 1981). For both plant organisms the effect of the HM mixture calculated using the MTI was synergistic. However, assessment of the HM interaction type at 50% effect concentrations using the hypothesis of additive toxicity showed a synergistic effect for Spirodela polyrrhiza and an additive effect for Lepidium sativum. Though the results obtained using both prediction models for assessing the HM mixture's toxicity were similar, in our opinion, the additive toxicity model is more suitable than the MTI model because the former allows evaluation of the impact of various mixture concentrations, not only those with a 50% effect.

Araceae↗
PubMed2006

Possible mechanism of inhibition of 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one on germination of cress (Lepidium sativum L.).

6-Methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (MBOA) inhibited the germination of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seeds at concentrations greater than 0.03 mM. Inhibition was overcome by sucrose, suggesting that MBOA may inhibit sugar metabolism in cress seeds. Induction of alpha-amylase activity in seeds was also inhibited by MBOA at concentrations greater than 0.03 mM. Inhibition of both germination and induction of alpha-amylase activity increased with increasing concentrations of MBOA, and the extent of germination correlated positively with the activity of alpha-amylase in the seeds. MBOA added to a reaction mixture for alpha-amylase assay did not affect enzyme activity, indicating that MBOA does not inhibit in vitro alpha-amylase activity. Cress seeds germinated approximately 16 hr after incubation, and inhibition of alpha-amylase by MBOA occurred within 6 hr after incubation. These results suggest that MBOA may inhibit the germination of cress seeds by inhibiting the induction of alpha-amylase activity, because alpha-amylase plays a key role in the conversion of reserve carbohydrate into soluble sugars, a prerequisite for seed germination.

Benzoxazoles↗
PubMed2004

Chemical composition of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds and its fractions and use of bran as a functional ingredient.

Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) belonging to the family Cruciferae grown in India, Europe and US is an underutilized crop. The edible whole seed is known to have health promoting properties. Hence, it was assumed that these seeds can be a functional food. A preliminary work on chemical composition of seeds was carried out and the possibility of using it as nutraceutical food ingredient in dietary fiber formulation was explored. Three fractions namely whole meal (WM), endosperm and bran were analyzed for chemical composition. The yield of the endosperm and the bran fraction were 72 and 28%, respectively. The WM, endosperm and bran had 22.5, 27.7 and 12.6% protein, 27.5, 33.1 and 6% fat, 30, 13.6 and 75% dietary fibre (DF), and 1193.00, 945.15 and 1934.57 mg% potassium respectively. The major protein on SDS-PAGE was of 29.5 kDa. The most abundant amino acid was glutamic acid (19.3%) and the essential amino acid, leucine was the highest (8.21 +/- 0.01%) and methionine the lowest (0.97 +/- 0.02%). The major fatty acid was linolenic acid (30.2%) and low amount of erucic acid (3.9%) was also present. Bran having high water holding capacity and high DF, its use as source of DF was explored. The product contained 12% protein, 4% fat and 74.3% DF and exhibited desirable functional properties such as dispersibility, gelling ability, stability, formed homogenous mild alkaline suspension and was comparable to proprietary DF.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2005

Antihypertensive effect of Lepidium sativum L. in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The antihypertensive and diuretic effects of the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum L. (LS) were studied both in normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Daily oral administration of the aqueous LS extract (20mg/kg for 3 weeks) exhibited a significant decrease in blood pressure (p<0.01) in SHR rats while in WKY rats, no significant change was noted during the period of treatment. The systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly from the 7th day (p<0.05) to the end of treatment (p<0.01) in SHR rats. The aqueous LS extract enhanced significantly the water excretion in WKY rats (p<0.001) but no statistically significant change was observed in SHR rats. Furthermore, oral administration of aqueous LS extract at a dose of 20mg/kg produced a significant increase of urinary excretion of sodium (p<0.05), potassium (p<0.01) and chlorides (p<0.01) in WKY rats. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, the aqueous LS extract administration induced a significant increase of urinary elimination of sodium (p<0.01), potassium (p<0.001) and chlorides (p<0.001). Glomerular filtration rate showed a significant increase after oral administration of LS in normal rats (p<0.001) while in SHR rats, no significant change was noted during the period of treatment. Furthermore, no significant changes were noted on heart rate after LS treatment in SHR as well as in WKY rats. Our results suggest that daily oral administration of aqueous LS extract for 3 weeks exhibited antihypertensive and diuretic activities.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Study of the hypoglycaemic activity of Lepidium sativum L. aqueous extract in normal and diabetic rats.

The hypoglycaemic effect of an aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum L. (LS) seeds was investigated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. After a acute (single dose) or chronic (15 daily repeated administration) oral treatments, the aqueous LS extract (20 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease on blood glucose levels in STZ diabetic rats (p < 0.001); the blood glucose levels were normalised 2 weeks after daily repeated oral administration of aqueous LS extract (20 mg/kg) (p < 0.001). Significant reduction on blood glucose levels were noticed in normal rats after both acute (p < 0.01) and chronic treatment (p < 0.001). In addition, no changes were observed in basal plasma insulin concentrations after treatment either in normal or STZ diabetic rats indicating that the underlying mechanism of this pharmacological activity seems to be independent of insulin secretion. We conclude that the aqueous extract of LS exhibits a potent hypoglycaemic activity in rats without affecting basal plasma insulin concentrations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Brassinazole, an inhibitor of brassinosteroid biosynthesis, inhibits development of secondary xylem in cress plants (Lepidium sativum).

Brassinazole (Brz) is a specific brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor. Cress plants (Lepidium sativum) grown in medium containing Brz exhibited a slight predominance of phloem differentiation at the expense of xylem differentiation and remarkable inhibition of the development of secondary xylem. This result indicates that brassinosteroids function in xylem development in vivo.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1986

Cytodifferentiation of polar plant cells: use of anti-microtubular agents during the differentiation of statocytes from cress roots (Lepidium sativum L.).

The development of the structural polarity of statocytes from cress roots (Lepidium sativum L.) was studied in a time- and stage-dependent manner. outgrowing radicles had statocytes with abundant lipid droplets, sparsely developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclei located at the proximal cell poles. During differentiation, coincidentally the lipid droplets disappeared while rough ER increased in length. The ER was translocated into the distal cell pole to establish a complex of stacked ER. Microtubules occurred first at the distal cell edges. As a second step, ER was produced in the vicinity of the nucleus and was also translocated distally. By application of the antimicrotubular agents heavy water (90%), colchicine (10(-4) mol l-1) and triethyl lead chloride (20 micromoles l-1), the involvement of microtubules in these events was studied. Triethyl lead chloride led to a complete cessation of differentiation; root-cap cells remained at a stage without polar arrangement of the ER. Colchicine affected the development of structural polarity slightly, as shown by a higher density of cortical ER cisternae. Heavy water inhibited the translocation of ER almost completely and yielded ER located also in the cell center. All anti-microtubular agents inhibited cell division and the differentiation of the distal cell layer of the dermatocalyptrogen into statocytes. It is hypothesized that microtubules serve as anchoring sites for microfilaments, which actually mediate the translocation of the ER. Hence, an intact system of microtubules and microfilaments is necessary for the expression of structural polarity.

Brassicaceae↗
PubMed2006

Endosperm-limited Brassicaceae seed germination: abscisic acid inhibits embryo-induced endosperm weakening of Lepidium sativum (cress) and endosperm rupture of cress and Arabidopsis thaliana.

The endosperm is a barrier for radicle protrusion of many angiosperm seeds. Rupture of the testa (seed coat) and rupture of the endosperm are two sequential events during the germination of Lepidium sativum L. and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyhn. Abscisic acid (ABA) specifically inhibits the endosperm rupture of these two closely related Brassicaceae species. Lepidium seeds are large enough to allow the direct measurement of endosperm weakening by the puncture force method. We found that the endosperm weakens prior to endosperm rupture and that ABA delays the onset and decreases the rate of this weakening process in a dose-dependent manner. An early embryo signal is required and sufficient to induce endosperm weakening, which afterwards appears to be an organ-autonomous process. Gibberellins can replace this embryo signal; de novo gibberellin biosynthesis occurs in the endosperm and weakening is regulated by the gibberellin/ABA ratio. Our results suggest that the control of radicle protrusion during the germination of Brassicaceae seeds is mediated, at least in part, by endosperm weakening. We propose that Lepidium is an emerging Brassicaceae model system for endosperm weakening and that the complementary advantages of Lepidium and Arabidopsis can be used in parallel experiments to investigate the molecular mechanisms of endosperm weakening.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of Ca Transport in Purified Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Vesicles from Lepidium sativum L. Roots.

The characteristics of Ca(2+) transport into endoplasmic reticulum vesicles isolated from roots of Lepidium sativum L. cv Krause have been investigated. The concentration of free Ca(2+) and ATP needed for half-maximal activity were 2.5 and 73 micromolar, respectively, and the enzyme obeyed Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics. The pH maximum occurred at 7.5 and the activity was greatly reduced at either pH 7.0 or 8.0.The Ca(2+)-dependent modulation protein, calmodulin, was tested for its effect on Ca(2+) transport into endoplasmic reticulum vesicles. Although the phenothiazine inhibitors chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, and trifluoperazine all inhibited Ca(2+) transport activity with a half-maximal effect at approximately 35 micromolar, authentic bovine brain calmodulin did not alter the activity at concentrations of 0.5 to 8 micrograms per milliliter. Calmodulin also showed no influence on the time-dependent accumulation of Ca(2+) into vesicles. The membranes did not contain endogenously bound calmodulin since washing with (ethylenebis[oxyethylenenitrile])tetraacetic acid or fluphenazine, treatments which disrupt calmodulin binding, did not alter Ca(2+) transport activity. The inhibition of Ca(2+) transport by phenothiazine drugs was likely related to their nonspecific interaction with the membrane. Thus, there was no indication that calmodulin regulated Ca(2+) uptake into root endoplasmic reticulum.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Subnucleolar location of fibrillarin and NopA64 in Lepidium sativum root meristematic cells is changed in altered gravity.

Fibrillarin and the plant nucleolin homolog NopA64 are two important nucleolar proteins involved in pre-rRNA processing. In order to determine the effects of the altered gravity environment on the nucleolus, we have investigated the location of fibrillarin and NopA64 in nucleolar subcomponents of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) root meristematic cells grown under clinorotation, which reproduces an important feature of microgravity, namely, the absence of the orienting action of a gravity vector, and compared it to the location in control cells grown in normal 1 g conditions. Prior to these experiments, we report here the characterization of cress fibrillarin as a 41 kDa protein which can be isolated from meristematic cells in three nuclear fractions, namely, the soluble ribonucleoprotein fraction, the chromatin fraction, and the nuclear-matrix fraction. Furthermore, as reported for other species, the location of both fibrillarin and NopA64 in the cress cell nucleolus was in zones known to contain complex ribonucleoprotein particles involved in early pre-rRNA processing, i.e., processomes. Under altered gravity, a decrease in the quantity of both fibrillarin and NopA64 compared to controls was observed in the transition zone between fibrillar centers and the dense fibrillar component, as well as in the bulk of the dense fibrillar component. These data suggest that altered (reduced) gravity results in a lowered level of functional activity in the nucleolus.

Blotting, Western↗