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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Appraisal of and coping with arthritis-related problems in household activities, leisure activities, and pain management.

PURPOSE: We examined whether or not there are systematic differences in how people appraise different types of illness-related problems and in how they cope with these problems. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-five adults with recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis completed a mailed questionnaire followed by a telephone interview. A series of stress appraisal and coping variables were assessed in relation to three areas: household activities, leisure activities, and pain management. RESULTS: Pain differed significantly from household and leisure activities with regard to several appraisal and coping variables. Participants reported the least control over problems with pain, while attaching the most importance to pain control. Leisure activities also stood out as unique on several variables. Participants perceived greater ability and were more satisfied with their ability in relation to leisure activities. CONCLUSION: These findings show that, at least early in the disease, appraisal and coping strategies differ across the areas of household activities, leisure activities, and pain management.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Do we pay too dearly for our sport and leisure activities? An investigation into fatalities as a result of sporting and leisure activities in England and Wales, 1982-1988.

Analysis of deaths from sports and leisure activities in England and Wales during 1982-88 found that horse riding (98 deaths), air sports (92 deaths), motor sports (86 deaths) and mountaineering (74 deaths) were the most hazardous activities. The most hazardous activity for children was horse riding (19 deaths). The commonest activities resulting in drowning in adults were swimming (128 deaths) and fishing (82 deaths). The main drowning deaths in children followed swimming (24 deaths). When exposure was taken into account, mountaineering, motor sports and horseriding were found to be the most hazardous activities. Mountaineering was one hundred times more dangerous than ball games or water sports. We can expect an increase in sport and leisure accidents in the next few years. Strict control, sensible safety precautions and adequate training are paramount if we are to see any improvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Change in and predictors of leisure activities among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe factors associated with leisure activities, changes in leisure activities over time, and predictors of such changes among persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted of 80 consecutive persons with RA, recruited while participating in a 3-week, rehabilitation day-care programme. The number of leisure activities was assessed through a structured interview. Sociodemographic variables, measures of disease activity [pain, patient's global assessment, C-reactive protein (CRP)], disability [Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Signals of Functional Impairment (SOFI), grip strength], quality of life at baseline, as well as disease activity [mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)] and treatment (proportion of follow-up time on anti-rheumatic drugs during follow-up) were evaluated as possible predictors of change in leisure activities. RESULTS: Active leisure activities increased, while 'not obviously active or passive' leisure activities were unchanged during the follow-up period. The change in active leisure activities did not correlate with the predictors evaluated. CONCLUSION: The increase in active leisure activities was not predicted to a substantial degree by disease activity, disability, or medication. The results suggest that factors other than those evaluated influence changes in leisure activities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Leisure satisfaction and happiness as a function of leisure activity.

114 subjects rated their happiness, leisure satisfaction, and several dimensions of leisure activity at two points in time. Some personality differences were found between those choosing different kinds of leisure, e.g. self-esteem and voluntary work, cooperativeness and clubs, neuroticism and hobbies rather than sports. Sixty-eight percent of respondents reported being committed to a leisure activity; they found their leisure to be more absorbing, more under control, and more challenging as well as more stressful than those who were not committed to a leisure activity; and they also had greater leisure satisfaction. Leisure satisfaction correlated with happiness, and social aspects of leisure satisfaction predicted happiness in longitudinal analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Acculturation and loss of fitness in the Inuit: the preventive role of active leisure.

The association between active leisure pursuits and various indices of fitness has been examined in 165 males aged 13-39 years and 95 females aged 13-29 years, all Inuit residents of the community of Igloolik, NWT (69 degrees 40'N). The active individuals have largely conserved the high level of fitness that characterized the settlement in 1969/70, showing substantial advantages over their sedentary peers in terms of relative aerobic power (27.7%, males, 21.3%, females) and subcutaneous fat (18.3%, males, 5.9%, females), with a lesser trend to advantages of strength (handgrip force, 4.4%, males, 0.8% females; knee extension force, 8.3%, males, 2.0%, females). Much of their continued aerobic fitness can probably be attributed to physical activity although in the boys aged 13-16 years, a further factor is the selection of active leisure pursuits by tall, heavy and early maturing individuals. Both the lower body fat and the larger aerobic power are likely to have positive implications for future health. The current challenge is thus to increase the proportion of physically active villagers beyond the current 18.8% of males and 11.6% of females.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1997

Remaining active in later life. The role of locus of control in seniors' leisure activity participation, health, and life satisfaction.

Although the physical and psychological benefits of feeling in control are well-documented in the research literature, the mechanisms that account for these effects have received less attention. The present study was designed to examine the potential mediating role of exercising and participation in nonphysical leisure activities, such as attending cultural events, involvement in volunteer organizations, and so on, in the relation between perceived control and well-being in seniors. The results indicated that an internal locus of control was positively related to exercising and participation in leisure activities. Exercising and leisure activity participation, in turn, were predictive of better perceived health and greater life satisfaction. These findings point to the potential benefits of increasing seniors' sense of control as a means to promote exercising and to increase leisure activity participation and, consequently, to enhance well-being.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly.

BACKGROUND: Participation in leisure activities has been associated with a lower risk of dementia. It is unclear whether increased participation in leisure activities lowers the risk of dementia or participation in leisure activities declines during the preclinical phase of dementia. METHODS: We examined the relation between leisure activities and the risk of dementia in a prospective cohort of 469 subjects older than 75 years of age who resided in the community and did not have dementia at base line. We examined the frequency of participation in leisure activities at enrollment and derived cognitive-activity and physical-activity scales in which the units of measure were activity-days per week. Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to evaluate the risk of dementia according to the base-line level of participation in leisure activities, with adjustment for age, sex, educational level, presence or absence of chronic medical illnesses, and base-line cognitive status. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up period of 5.1 years, dementia developed in 124 subjects (Alzheimer's disease in 61 subjects, vascular dementia in 30, mixed dementia in 25, and other types of dementia in 8). Among leisure activities, reading, playing board games, playing musical instruments, and dancing were associated with a reduced risk of dementia. A one-point increment in the cognitive-activity score was significantly associated with a reduced risk of dementia (hazard ratio, 0.93 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.90 to 0.97]), but a one-point increment in the physical-activity score was not (hazard ratio, 1.00). The association with the cognitive-activity score persisted after the exclusion of the subjects with possible preclinical dementia at base line. Results were similar for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. In linear mixed models, increased participation in cognitive activities at base line was associated with reduced rates of decline in memory. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in leisure activities is associated with a reduced risk of dementia, even after adjustment for base-line cognitive status and after the exclusion of subjects with possible preclinical dementia. Controlled trials are needed to assess the protective effect of cognitive leisure activities on the risk of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Difficulties in performing leisure activities among persons with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis: A prospective, controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare leisure activities and associated factors in a group with recent onset RA and matched community derived controls, to examine whether leisure activities are altered during the early years of disease and to seek predictors. METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven consecutive persons with early RA were followed for 0.9-5.9 yr. One hundred and forty-four RA patients were compared cross-sectionally at baseline with community-derived controls matched for age, gender and residential area. Leisure activities were evaluated with an interest checklist (20 domains). Socio-demographic variables, disease activity (DAS) and disability (HAQ) were evaluated as possible predictors for loss of participation in leisure activities at baseline and longitudinally (using area under the curve analyses). RESULTS: At baseline (mean disease duration 7 months) RA patients performed less (8.2 vs 9.9 domains, P < 0.001) but did not have significantly less interest (10.9 vs 11.4 domains, P = 0.15) in leisure activities compared with controls. Decrease in performed leisure activities was only significant in those with a low level of education. At baseline, in RA patients, low education (P = 0.035), age (P = 0.019) and HAQ (P < 0.001) significantly predicted performed leisure activity. No loss in performed leisure activities was seen during follow-up and no significant predictors were found for individual change. CONCLUSION: Loss of performed leisure activities occurs early in RA and chiefly in those with low formal education. Disability was associated with early loss, but not with change during follow-up. Other factors, possibly related to individual personality and resources, may be more important for predicting changes in leisure activities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Change in the prevalence of leisure activity with the number of activities recalled.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine how the estimated prevalence of leisure activity changed when respondents self-reported up to four activities, compared with using information only from the respondent's one, two, and three most commonly performed leisure activities. METHODS: Information on leisure activities, sociodemographics, and body mass index (BMI) categories was collected in the year 2000 during a telephone interview of 1813 randomly selected adults living in six North Carolina counties. Recommended activity was defined as moderate leisure activity > or =5x wk(-1) for > or =30 min per session or vigorous leisure activity > or =3x wk(-1) for > or =20 min per session. RESULTS: Among respondents, 32.1% reported participation in no leisure activity, 41.7% reported one activity, 21.5% reported two activities, 3.8% reported three activities, and 0.9% reported four activities during the past month. The largest change in prevalence occurred when using two activities compared with one activity for recommended activity, overall and by sociodemographic and BMI categories. The prevalence of recommended activity determined by using 1, 2, 3, or 4 activities was 21.0%, 26.0%, 26.5%, and 26.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, collecting information on two leisure activities was the most efficient balance for population specific accuracy of recommended activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of past and future leisure activity participation between spinal cord injured and non-disabled persons.

Leisure activity profiles of 81 male and 21 female SCI subjects were compared with profiles of 135 male and 151 female non-disabled individuals. These profiles, derived from the Leisure Activities Blank (McKechnie, 1985), revealed that SCI subjects had been more physically active (prior to injury) than those in a non-disabled comparison group; however, their post-injury expectations for future leisure activity involvement were considerably lower than a similar study of non-disabled individuals. These reduced expectations were found for both active and sedentary activity categories. It is suggested that awareness of pre-morbid leisure activity profiles, plus recognition that post-injury expectations for leisure activity participation are often reduced, could assist medical personnel to prescribe treatment or offer programmes that enable SCI patients to maintain their pre-morbid lifestyles and enhance future leisure activity expectations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether leisure activities modify the risk for incident dementia. BACKGROUND: Although high educational and occupational attainments have been associated with reduced risk of incident dementia, the relation between leisure activities and dementia risk has not been adequately investigated. METHODS: A total of 1,772 nondemented individuals aged 65 years or older, living in northern Manhattan, New York, were identified and followed longitudinally in a community-based cohort incidence study. Subjects' leisure activities at baseline were assessed, annual examinations with the same standardized neurologic and neuropsychological measures were performed for up to 7 years (mean 2.9 years), and incident dementia was assessed as the main outcome measure. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, ethnic group, education, and occupation, were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of incident dementia associated with high leisure activities. RESULTS: Of the 1,772 subjects, 207 became demented. The risk of dementia was decreased in subjects with high leisure activities (RR, 0.62; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.83). The association of high leisure with decreased RR of incident dementia was present even when baseline cognitive performance, health limitations interfering with desired leisure activities, cerebrovascular disease, and depression were considered. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that engagement in leisure activities may reduce the risk of incident dementia, possibly by providing a reserve that delays the onset of clinical manifestations of the disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

[Leisure activities for the elderly during hospitalization].

This study intended to: 1. Identify the leisure activities available in the hospital and those in which the elderly participate; 2. Relate elderly hospitalization with their participation in leisure activities; 3. Assess the factors that motivate and inhibit elderly participation in leisure activities. This is a descriptive/exploratory study carried out with one hundred hospitalized elderly patients. Available leisure activities were television and magazines. Most participants (99%) said they participate in leisure activities such as family/ friends conversations and visits. Involvement in leisure activities decreases with associated diseases and increases with hospitalization time. Leisure was motivated by the elderly's personal characteristics, the reduction of the hospitalization's negative effects, and the benefits it brings to the health. Its limitation was associated to intrinsic aspects of the elderly and to the institutional context.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of physically active leisure on stress-health relationships.

In this article, the effects of physically active leisure on the relationships between stress and health are examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). The analyses are based on data from Canada's 1994 National Population Health Survey (n = 17,626). Overall, physically active leisure was found to directly contribute to higher levels of physical health and wellbeing, and lower levels of mental ill-health among Canadians. When the respondents experienced higher levels of chronic stress, life event stress, and/or work stress, involvement in physically active leisure appeared to help them maintain good health and wellbeing. Also, higher levels of participation in physically active leisure helped paid workers suppress levels of work stress. Agencies involved in health promotion and lifestyle intervention should give greater consideration to physically active leisure. As a significant component of an active lifestyle, physically active leisure can contribute to better health, and provide a valuable resource for coping with stress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Peer groups and substance use: examining the direct and interactive effect of leisure activity.

This paper explores the relationships among adolescent leisure activities, peer behavior, and substance use. We suggest that peer group interaction can have a differential effect on adolescent deviant behavior depending on the type of leisure pattern adolescents engage in. We analyze data from a representative national sample of Icelandic adolescents, exploring the variations in the use of alcohol and illegal drugs among three different patterns of leisure activity, controlling for parental ties and school commitment. The findings show that alcohol and substance use varies significantly across the three leisure patterns. Moreover, it was found that the well-known relationship between adolescent substance use and having substance-using friends is significantly contingent on the type of leisure pattern. Our findings suggest that it is important to take into account different peer leisure activities in order to understand adolescent substance use. Finally, we discuss the implications of the findings for prevention work with adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Participation and interest in leisure activities by adolescent schoolchildren.

Knowledge of the leisure activities and pursuits of adolescents is important as it can provide a greater understanding of the social world of the adolescent. Further, it is necessary not only to know what adolescents actually do in their leisure time, but what they are interested in doing. In this study, the relationship between levels of participation and levels of interest in leisure activities was investigated via analysis of a comprehensive 77 item questionnaire administered to 247 adolescents. Factor analytic techniques were used to summarize the data, enabling comparisons to be made between boys and girls. Adolescents were found to engage in and be interested in activities characterised by their sex stereotyped nature, although in general none of the popular pursuits was either physically or mentally demanding. There was a high correlation between participation and interest, with adolescents participating in activities that interested them. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Vigorous leisure activity and pregnancy outcome.

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal mortality in North America and Europe and a major predictor of neonatal and infant morbidity. Postterm birth is associated with increased infant mortality and morbidity, as well as increased frequency of surgical or induced labor. Because vigorous leisure activity may affect timing of delivery, this study examined association between vigorous leisure activity and birth outcomes. METHODS: Women (N = 1,699) with a singleton pregnancy were recruited at 24-29 weeks' gestation from prenatal clinics in central North Carolina between 1995 and 1998. The type and duration of any regular vigorous leisure activity was assessed in a telephone interview covering the 3-month period before pregnancy and during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. RESULTS: The prevalence of vigorous leisure activity was 22% before pregnancy, 14% during the first trimester, and 8% during the second trimester. Vigorous leisure activity before pregnancy was unrelated to preterm (<37 weeks) as compared with term delivery (37 to <42 weeks). The risk of preterm birth was somewhat reduced with vigorous leisure activity during the first trimester (odds ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval = 0.48-1.35) and more so during the second trimester (odds ratio = 0.52; 95% confidence interval = 0.24-1.11). Vigorous leisure activity before pregnancy or during the first or second trimester was not associated with postterm delivery (>/=42 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: Vigorous leisure activity during the first trimester, and even more so in the second trimester, was associated with a reduced risk of preterm birth. There was no association with postterm birth. To address the etiologic role of activity on pregnancy outcome and to overcome self-selection, a randomized clinical trial would be needed.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Participation in leisure activities by older adults after a stressful life event: the loss of a spouse.

This study aimed to establish if frequent participation in leisure activities helped widows and widowers adapt to widowhood, and to maintain lower stress levels. A small sample of sixty recently bereaved widows (n = 43) and widowers (n = 17) who were living in an Australian city were selected for the study. Their ages ranged from fifty to eight-four years with a mean age of sixty-four years. Each widow or widower was interviewed and provided responses to three scales measuring participation in leisure activities, adaptation to widowhood, and stress. Quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used to interpret the data. The leisure activities most frequently participated in by widows and widowers were found to be home based activities, involving social activities with family and friends. Greater participation in leisure activities was found to be negatively correlated with stress scores, suggesting an association between leisure participation and stress reduction for recently bereaved widows and widowers. However, the study failed to find any association between participation in leisure activities and adaptation after the death of a spouse. In addition, no significant differences were found in the age, gender, income, and type of employment of widows and widowers, although perceived health status was found to be a significant factor in helping to determine future participation in leisure activities.

Adaptation, Psychological↗