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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Studies on the mode of action of the essential oil of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia P. Miller).

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia, P. Miller) is used in aromatherapy as a holistic relaxant and is said to have carminative, antiflatulence and anticolic properties. Its sedative nature, on inhalation, has been shown both in animals and man. Lavender has a spasmolytic activity on guineapig ileum and rat uterus in vitro and it also decreases the tone in the skeletal muscle preparation of the phrenic nerve-diaphragm of rats. As the mechanism of action has not been studied previously, the spasmolytic activity was studied in vitro using a guinea-pig ileum smooth muscle preparation. The mechanism of action was postsynaptic and not atropine-like. The spasmolytic effect of lavender oil was most likely to be mediated through cAMP, and not through cGMP. The mode of action of linalool, one of lavender's major components, reflected that of the whole oil. The mode of action of lavender oil resembled that of geranium and peppermint oils.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

Extracts obtained from the leaves of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lamiaceae) are used in Iranian folk medicine as remedies for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. For evaluation of its probable analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, hydroalcoholic extract, polyphenolic fraction and essential oil of the leaves of the herb were prepared and their analgesic effects were studied in mice using formalin and acetic acid-induced writhing tests. Carrageenan test in rats was used for assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of above-mentioned fractions. Results showed that while the hydroalcoholic extract (400-1600 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited only the second phase of formalin test, the polyphenolic fraction (800 and 1600 mg/kg, p.o.) and essential oil (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) suppressed both phases. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, polyphenolic fraction (400 and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) and essential oil (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the number of abdominal constrictions. Essential oil at a dose of 200mg/kg also inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema. Results of the present study confirm the traditional use of Lavandula angustifolia for the treatment of painful and inflammatory conditions and calls for further investigations to determine the active chemical constituent(s).

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗
PubMed1999

Local anaesthetic activity of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia.

In this work we studied the local anaesthetic activity of the essential oil obtained from Lavandula angustifolia Mill., a medicinal plant traditionally used as an antispasmodic. We compared its activity to the essential oils obtained from two citrus fruits, Citrus reticulata Blanco and Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., which have no medical uses. Biological tests were also performed on the major pure components of L. angustifolia Mill. essential oil: linalol and linalyl acetate as determined by GC and confirmed by GC-MS. Anaesthetic activity was evaluated in vivo in the rabbit conjunctival reflex test, and in vitro in a rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation. The essential oil of L. angustifolia, linalyl acetate and linanol (0.01-10 micrograms/ml) but not the oils of Citrus reticulata and Citrus limon were able to drastically reduce, in a dose-dependent manner, the electrically evoked contractions of rat phrenic-hemidiaphragm. In the rabbit conjunctival reflex test treatment with a solution of essential oil of L. angustifolia, as well as linalyl acetate and linalol (30-2500 micrograms/ml administered in the conjunctival sac) allow a dose-dependent increase in the number of stimuli necessary to provoke the reflex, thus confirming in vivo the local anaesthetic activity observed in vitro.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed2005

Antifungal activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against Candida albicans yeast and mycelial form.

The antifungal activity of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender oil) and its main components, linalool and linalyl acetate, was investigated against 50 clinical isolates of Candida albicans (28 oropharyngeal strains, 22 vaginal strains) and C. albicans ATCC 3153. Growth inhibition, killing time and inhibition of germ tube formation were evaluated. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Lavender oil inhibited C. albicans growth: mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.69% (vol./vol.) (vaginal strains) and 1.04% (oropharyngeal strains); mean MFC of 1.1% (vaginal strains) and 1.8% (oropharyngeal strains). Linalool was more effective than essential oil: mean MIC of 0.09% (vaginal strains) and 0.29% (oropharyngeal strains); mean MFC of 0.1% (vaginal strains) and 0.3% (oropharyngeal strains). Linalyl acetate was almost ineffective. Lavender oil (2%) killed 100% of the C. albicans ATCC 3153 cells within 15 min; linalool (0.5%) killed 100% of the cells within 30 s. The essential oil inhibited germ tube formation (mean MIC of 0.09%), as did the main components (MIC of 0.11% for linalool and 0.08% for linalyl acetate). Both the essential oil and its main components inhibited hyphal elongation of C. albicans ATCC 3153 (about 50% inhibition at 0.016% with each substance). Lavender oil shows both fungistatic and fungicidal activity against C. albicans strains. At lower concentrations, it inhibits germ tube formation and hyphal elongation, indicating that it is effective against C. albicans dimorphism and may thus reduce fungal progression and the spread of infection in host tissues.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2025

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the MADS-box gene family in Lavandula angustifolia.

BACKGROUND: MADS-box genes encode transcription factors critical for plant development, particularly floral organogenesis, flowering time regulation, and adaptation to environmental stresses. Among these, the MIKCC-type genes are pivotal regulators in floral developmental processes. Although the evolutionary diversification and functional dynamics of MADS-box genes have been extensively characterized in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, their evolutionary relationships and functional profiles in Lavandula angustifolia, an economically significant aromatic plant, remain poorly understood. RESULTS: Genome-wide analysis identified 173 MADS-box genes in L. angustifolia, categorized into type I (Mα: 26; Mβ: 0; Mγ: 10) and type II (MIKCC: 125; MIKC*: 12) based on phylogenetic comparisons with A. thaliana. The MIKCC subgroup was further subdivided into 12 subclasses, including genes central to the ABCDE model of floral organ specification. Structural analyses revealed distinct conserved motifs and exon-intron configurations specific to each subgroup, indicative of functional divergence. Synteny analysis demonstrated Whole Genome Duplication (WGD) and segmental duplications as major contributors to MIKCC gene family expansion, notably among genes linked to floral organ development. Expression profiling via RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed type II MADS-box genes exhibited higher expression levels with pronounced tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific expression patterns compared to type I genes. Many type II genes displayed significant associations with floral organogenesis, floral transition, and abiotic stress responses, underscoring their essential roles in reproductive development and environmental adaptability in L. angustifolia. CONCLUSIONS: The identification and comprehensive characterization of 173 MADS-box genes in L. angustifolia highlight the significant expansion of the MIKCC subgroup driven primarily by WGD and segmental duplications. The distinct structural features and specific expression patterns observed provide insights into the functional divergence and complexity of these genes, particularly regarding floral organogenesis and adaptation to environmental stress. This study establishes a robust molecular basis for further functional analysis and genetic improvement of aromatic plants.

MADS Domain Proteins↗
PubMed2005

The antimutagenic activity of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) essential oil in the bacterial reverse mutation assay.

Essential oils from Melaleuca alternifolia (tea-tree oil) and Lavandula angustifolia (lavender oil) are commonly used to treat minor health problems. Tea-tree oil possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and is increasingly used for skin problems. Lavender oil, traditionally used as an antiseptic agent, is now predominantly used as a relaxant, carminative, and sedative in aromatherapy. Despite their growing use no data are available on their mutagenic potential. In this study, after determining the chemical composition of tea-tree oil and lavender oil, by gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry, we investigated their mutagenic and antimutagenic activities by the bacterial reverse mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains and in Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA strain, with and without an extrinsic metabolic activation system. Neither essential oil had mutagenic activity on the two tested Salmonella strains or on E. coli, with or without the metabolic activation system. Conversely, lavender oil exerted strong antimutagenic activity, reducing mutant colonies in the TA98 strain exposed to the direct mutagen 2-nitrofluorene. Antimutagenicity was concentration-dependent: the maximal concentration (0.80 mg/plate) reduced the number of histidine-independent revertant colonies by 66.4%. Lavender oil (0.80 mg/plate) also showed moderate antimutagenicity against the TA98 strain exposed to the direct mutagen 1-nitropyrene. Its antimutagenic property makes lavender oil a promising candidate for new applications in human healthcare.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The effects of aqueous extract of Lavandula angustifolia flowers in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity of cerebellar granular cell culture of rat pups.

In the present study, neuroprotective effect of Lavandula angustifolia flower aqueous extract in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in rat pups cerebellar granular cell culture was investigated. The extract at doses of 10 microg ml(-1), 100 microg ml(-1), 1 mg ml(-1) and 10 mg ml(-1) was applied to culture flasks. The extract at doses of 100 microg ml(-1) and 1 mg ml(-1) significantly blocked glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, with the most effective dose being 1 mg ml(-1). On the other hand, 10 mg ml(-1) dose of extract increased the dead cell with respect to glutamate group, despite being found insignificant statistically. As a result, L. angustifolia protected the neurons against glutamate toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Hydrodistillation-headspace solvent microextraction, a new method for analysis of the essential oil components of Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

A new method involving concurrent headspace solvent microextraction combined with continuous hydrodistillation (HD-HSME) for the extraction and pre-concentration of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. into a microdrop is developed. A microdrop of n-hexadecane containing n-heptadecane (as internal standard) extruded from the needle tip of a gas chromatographic syringe was inserted into the headspace above the plant sample. After extraction for an optimized time, the microdrop was retracted into the syringe and injected directly into a GC injection port. The effects of the type of extracting solvent, sample mass, microdrop volume and extraction time on HD-HSME efficiency were investigated and optimized. Using this method, thirty-six compounds were extracted and identified. Linalool (32.8%), linalyl acetate (17.6%), lavandulyl acetate (15.9%), alpha-terpineol (6.7%) and geranyl acetate (5.0%) were found to be the major constituents. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the use of continuous headspace solvent microextraction coupled with hydrodistillation for investigation of essential oil components.

Acetates↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. tincture and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized trial.

Depression is a major health problem and is not only underrecognized and undertreated but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lamiacae) is used to treat depression. Many medicinal plant textbooks refer to this indication, whereas there is no evidence-based document. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of tincture of L. angustifolia with imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression and to evaluate the possible adjuvant effect of this tincture in a 4 week double-blind, randomized trial. Forty-five adult outpatients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, for major depression based on the structured clinical interview for DSM IV participated in the trial. Patients have a baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of at least 18. In this double-blind, single-center trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive lavandula tincture (1:5 in 50% alcohol ) 60 drops/day plus placebo tablet (Group A), tablet imipramine 100 mg/day plus placebo drop (Group B) and tablet imipramine 100 mg/day plus lavandula tincture 60 drops/day (Group C) for a 4-week study. In this small preliminary double-blind and randomized trial, lavandula tincture at this concentration was found to be less effective than imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression (F=13.16, df=1, P=.001). In the imipramine group, anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth and urinary retention were observed more often that was predictable, whereas headache was observed more in the lavandula tincture group. A combination of imipramine and lavandula tincture was more effective than imipramine alone (F=20.83, df=1, P<.0001). As this study indicates, one of the advantages of this combination is a better and earlier improvement. The main overall finding from this study is that lavandula tincture may be of therapeutic benefit in the management of mild to moderate depression as adjuvant therapy. A large-scale trial is justified.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Miller).

An evidence-based systematic review including scientific evidence, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

On-site field sampling and analysis of fragrance from living lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) flowers by solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and ion-trap mass spectrometry.

Solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry has been applied as a simple alternative method for the analysis of essential oil directly from lavender intact flowering spikes and genuine oils. All recognised major oil constituents were detected by this procedure, with results comparable to those given by a conventional method (organic solvent extraction). Distinctive chromatographic profiles were found for various species.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗
PubMed1999

Protective effects of the aerial parts of Salvia officinalis, Melissa Officinalis and Lavandula angustifolia and their constituents against enzyme-dependent and enzyme-independent lipid peroxidation.

The antioxidant effects of aqueous methanolic extracts from three medicinal Lamiaceae species were investigated in enzyme-dependent and enzyme-independent lipid peroxidation systems. All these extracts caused a considerable concentration-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Phenolic components present in the plant extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity and were found effective in both tests. Their concentrations in each extract were determined by TLC-densitometry.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1989

[Neurodepressive effects of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill].

Mice Swiss are orally given essential oil of lavander diluted at 1/60 in olive oil. Sedative effects are observed with some tests (hole board test, four plates test, plus-maze test, potentiation of barbiturate sleeping time). A significant interaction exists with pentobarbital: the sleeping time is increased and the asleeping time shortened.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Antiparasitic activity of two Lavandula essential oils against Giardia duodenalis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Hexamita inflata.

Two essential oils derived from Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula x intermedia were investigated for any antiparasitic activity against the human protozoal pathogens Giardia duodenalis and Trichomonas vaginalis and the fish pathogen Hexamita inflata: all of which have significant infection and economic impacts. The study has demonstrated that low (< or = 1%) concentrations of L. angustifolia and L. x intermedia oil can completely eliminate T. vaginalis, G. duodenalis and H. inflata in vitro. At 0.1% concentration, L. angustifolia oil was found to be slightly more effective than L x intermedia oil against G. duodenalis and H. inflata. The potential applications are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Antifungal effect of various essential oils against Candida albicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil from Thymus vulgaris.

The antifungal effect of the essential oil from Satureja montana L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Lavandula hybrida Reverchon, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merril and Perry, Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and six chemotypes of Thymus vulgaris L. on Candida albicans growth were studied. The most efficiency was obtained with the essential oil from Thymus vulgaris thymol chemotype (MIC 80% = 0.016 microL/mL and Kaff = 296 microL/mL). The presence in the culture medium of essential oil from Thymus vulgaris thymol chemotype (0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 microg/mL) and amphotericin B involved a decrease of the MIC 80% of amphotericin B. In contrast, the combination of amphotericin B and low concentrations (0.00031-0.0025 microg/mL) of essential oil was antagonistic. The strongest decrease (48%) of the MIC 80% was obtained with medium containing 0.2 microL/mL of essential oil. These results signify that the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris thymol chemotype potentiates the antifungal action of amphotericin B suggesting a possible utilization of this essential oil in addition to antifungal drugs for the treatment of mycoses.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed2006

The in vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from Portugal.

Essential oil, ethanolic extract and decoction of 10 plant species from interior Portugal were analyzed for their activity towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme and their antioxidant activity. Of these, Melissa officinalis, Paronychia argentea, Sanguisorba minor, Hypericum undulatum and Malva silvestris are used in herbal medicine, Laurus nobilis and Mentha suaveolens as condiments, and Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula pedunculata also as aromatics. Melissa officinalis and Mentha suaveolens showed AChE inhibitory capacity higher then 50% in the essential oil fraction. Laurus nobilis, Hypericum undulatum, and Sanguisorba minor showed a high inhibition value of AChE in the ethanolic fraction, 64% (1 mg ml(-1)) 68% (0.5 mg ml(-1)), and 78% (1 mg ml(-1)), respectively. Higher values of AChE inhibitory activity were found using decoctions of Lavandula pedunculata, Mentha suaveolens and Hypericum undulatum, 68, 69 and 82% (at a concentration of 5mg dry plant ml(-1) of assay), respectively. The free radical scavenger activity was higher for the polar extracts. In the water extracts most of the plants showed values around 90%. When antioxidant activity was measured with the beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay high activity (65-95%) was also found in the water extracts. Hypericum undulatum, Melissa officinalis and Laurus nobilis showed both high AChE inhibitory capacity and antioxidant activity.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2004

In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants against selected foodborne pathogens.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of selected essential oils for the control of growth and survival of pathogenic microorganisms of significant importance in food hygiene and to determine whether the antimicrobial effect was due to the major compounds of the oils. MIC and MBC were determined by the tube dilution method. Essential oils from Thymus vulgaris from Spain and France, Salvia sclarea, Salvia officinalis, Salvia lavandulifolia, Lavandula latifolia, Lavandula angustifolia, three hybrids of Lavandula latifolia x Lavandula angustifolia (Lavandin 'Super', Lavandin 'Abrialis', and Lavandin 'Grosso'), Rosmarinus officinalis, Hissopus officinalis, and Satureja montana were evaluated. Inhibition ranged from the strong activity of Satureja montana and Thymus vulgaris (France) to no inhibition with Salvia sclarea and Hissopus officinalis for each of the test strains: Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b, and Staphylococcus aureus. Because some of the essential oils were highly inhibitory in small quantities to selected pathogenic microorganisms, they may provide alternatives to conventional antimicrobial additives in foods.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of different extraction methods for the analysis of fragrances from Lavandula species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Various sampling techniques including solid-phase trapping solvent extraction (SPTE), headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), reduced pressure steam distillation (RPSD) and simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction (SDE) were compared for the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the fragrances from the Lavandula species. Linalyl acetate (35.44%) and linalool (18.70%) were predominant components of Hidcote lavender samples obtained by SPTE whereas those levels were 2.63-4.04 and 36.80-43.47% in the same samples by RPSD and SDE, respectively. The partition coefficients between the headspace gaseous phase and HS-SPME fiber, and the relative concentration factors of the four characteristic components of the lavender were measured for relative evaluation of the fiber efficiency. Five different coatings were evaluated and 100-microm poly(dimethylsiloxane) was the most efficient for the successful extraction of lavender fragrances. A total of 43 compounds were identified by SPTE and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from four Lavandula species. Lavandula angustifolia Hidcote species, which contains a higher level of linalyl acetate and linalool but little camphor, was evaluated as the highest quality among the four different Lavandula species.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗