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Results for “Labyrinth Diseases”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Ataxia and deafness secondary to meningitis in children: the role of labyrinth diseases].

A study is made of post meningitic ataxia from 9 purulent meningitis observations in children. This ataxia is accompanied by a bilateral vestibular destruction syndrome in 6 of the 7 patients examined. The labyrinthic origin of the ataxia accounts for its pure static aspect, its regressive evolution and the frequency of associated deafness. The study of sightless walking on unstable ground (mattress) gives a clinical sight of the vestibular impairment long after the acute phase. In the same way, the study of post-meningitis deafness shows that, most of the time, it is accompanied by an impairment or the suppression of the vestibular reactions. The frequency of the inner ear impairment, after purulent meningitis is certainly underestimated for two reasons: on the one hand, the ataxia remains unknown most of the time because of the excellent vestibular compensation; on the other hand, the deafness can be slight or localized only on one side. Consequently it seems important to undertake in each purulent meningitis convalescent, a clinical examination of standing and walking positions, together with an examination of the hearing and vestibular functions, as soon as age allows it. Lastly, with regard to a pathogenic theory of purulent meningitis, the role of a possible viral component of the infection in the cochleo-vestibular impairment is called into question.

Ataxia↗
PubMed1975

Spontaneous nystagmus direction does not indicate laterality.

There have been conflicting statements made in the literature on electronystagmograms (ENG) concerning the direction of beating of spontaneous nystagmus in the presence of a damaged labyrinth. This report presents a retrospective examination of 1,220 ENGs done at Stanford over the past four years with regard to the direction of spontaneous nystagmus and the side of the diseased labyrinth. The diseased labyrinth is indicated by a hypoactive caloric response. The study showed that one cannot predict the side of the labyrinthine lesion from the direction of beating of the spontaneous nystagmus.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1975

[The two-phase occurrence of head-shaking nystagmus (author's transl)].

The report deals with 22 cases of two-phase head-shaking nystagmus. The results can be summarised as follows: 1. The two-phase head-shaking nystagmus is only found in connection with peripheral-vestibular disorders and particularly with unilateral disorders. It occurs only temporarily in the course of the vestibule disorder and may be observable for several months. 2. The head-shaking nystagmus, which follows immediately after the head-shaking (first phase), is to be considered a deficiency nystagmus. After a short period of latency after the disappearance of the first phase, a nystagmus in the opposite direction appears (second phase). This is considered to be a recovery nystagmus. 3. In the case of unilateral labyrinth lesions, the direction of nystagmus of the second phase of two-phase head-shaking nystagmus indicates the side of the lesion. The functions of the diseased labyrinth, however, have not been completely destroyed in this case. In the case of bilateral lesions, the direction of nystagmus of the second phase probably points toward the more heavily damaged side. While it is found only rarely, the two-phase head-shaking nystagmus thus permits reliable diagnosis and detection of the probable side where a peripheral vestibule disorder is located.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Psychological effects of symptoms associated with labyrinthitis. a case study.

The psychological effects of postviral labyrinthitis in a patient who had been undergoing intensive psychotherapy are reported. The mildness of the physiological symptome was in contrast to the magnitude of the psychological consequences. The general psychological effects of illness on the patient are differentiated from the specific psychological correlates of vertiginous symptoms. The factors that contributed to the psychological effects and the psychological impact of these symptoms are discussed. There is a special potency to the cited effects in patients with specific personality characteristics.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of nephrotoxic and ototoxic effects of tobramycin in worldwide study.

Tobramycin sulphate, a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic, has been evaluated worldwide in 3,506 patients. Drug-related adverse effects were reported by the investigators in 3.9% of the cases, and included reactions in the nervous system (ototoxicity) in 0.6% and in the kidney in 1.5%. Effects of doubtful relationship to tobramycin occurred in 6.6% of the cases. The effects were usually reversible, although infrequently altered renal or eighth-nerve function appeared to persist in some of the patients. There were no deaths or instances of renal shutdown as a result of tobramycin therapy. Therefore, under the clinical conditions in which it was evaluated, tobramycin appeared to be well tolerated. The association of toxicity with various "risk factors" is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Pathophysiology of endolymphatic hydrops.

Endolymphatic hydrops of the nonprogressive type occurs in response to a single traumatic or toxic insult of limited duration and although it may result in permanent deficits in sensorineural function, there is total subsidence of vestibular symptoms. Endolymphatic hydrops of the progressive type, on the other hand, appears to be the result of permanent impairment of endolymph resorption and is caused principally by disorders of the endolymphatic sac. It occurs in Menière's disease, syphilitic labyrinthitis and the delayed hydrops syndrome. In addition to deafness of varying extent, it is characterized by episodic vertigo and sometimes by Hennebert's sign. Histological studies suggest that the acute vertiginous episodes are caused by potassium intoxication following ruptures of the membranous labyrinth and that Hennerbert's sign is caused by vestibular fibrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Mycotic infection of the temporal bone.

Herein is a histopathologic study of the temporal bone changes in three patients with fatal systemic fungal infections. All three patients were compromised hosts who failed to respond to adequate chemotherapy. Interestingly, one patient with cryptococcosis had a unilateral hearing loss as the sole manifestation of cerebral cryptococcosis. The most common histopathologic change consisted of a fungal infiltration of the nerves in the internal auditory canal, with moderate infiltration of the sense organs of the membranous labyrinth.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac and duct in endolymphatic hydrops.

The histologic features of the endolymphatic sac and duct in 23 serially sectioned temporal bones with idiopathic or secondary endolymphatic hydrops were blindly compared with 22 randomly selected, normal temporal bones. In idiopathic hydrops, the pars rugosa of the endolymphatic sac extended out of the vestibular aqueduct into the dura in 29% of bones, compared with none of normal bones (P less than .01). In the other 71%, the pars rugosa in the vestibular aqueduct was surrounded by dura more commonly than normal. Functional studies are required to assess the relationship of these findings to hydrops. In secondary hydrops (eg, due to labyrinthitis), the endolymphatic duct was obliterated in the isthmus of the vestibular aqueduct by bone or fibrosis in seven of nine bones. Because of similar ossification and fibrosis elsewhere in the vestibular labyrinth, a direct relationship with hydrops cannot be assumed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Histopathological findings in the inner ear caused by measles.

An otopathological analysis of three cases of viral labyrinthitis was performed. Six temporal bones cut in serial sections were available for this study. According to the degree of degenerative changes in various parts of the inner ear two types of morphologically distinct labyrinthitis after measles are presented: the first one with the port of entrance through the internal auditory meatus and characterized by, first and most significantly, changes in the spiral ganglion cells; and the second, as described previously by Lindsay, with the port of entrance of the virus in the inner ear through the stria vascularis, with degenerative changes in various structures within the endolymphatic duct.

Aged↗