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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Host-parasite interface of Paratenuisentis ambiguus (Eoacanthocephala) in naturally infected eel and in laboratory-infected sticklebacks and juvenile carp and rainbow trout.

Paratenuisentis ambiguus is described from natural infections in adult eels and from laboratory infections in sticklebacks and juvenile carp and rainbow trout. In captured eels, female worms kept reproducing in the laboratory for at least 1 mo. In the 3 small laboratory hosts female worms did not release eggs and longevity did not exceed 3-30 days. It is concluded that the small fishes were unsuitable final hosts. Worm penetration into the intestinal wall of all hosts was shallow. Thus, the small fishes also proved to be unsuitable paratenic hosts. The worms ruptured the intestinal mucosa and the underlying tunica propria and they often seemed to change their sites of attachment. The proboscides carried an osmiophilic surface coat that seemed to be supported by liquid drops from necrotic host tissue and by osmiophilic material apparently discharged from pores in the worm's proboscis hooks. The coat contained lipids, polysaccharides, and/or proteoglycans and likely other substances. Around the hooks the proboscis tegument harbored conspicuous cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum as is typical for cells with secretory function. Mostly, the worms were found with semi-invaginated proboscides. The resulting cavity inside the proboscis seemed to collect lipids and other remnants of host cells from the lesions caused by the worms. Whether the apical hollow might function as a gastric cavity is discussed.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1983

[Detection of laboratory infections caused by Junín virus using the neutralization and immunofluorescence technics comparatively].

To study Junin virus infection among laboratory workers and to compare immunofluorescence and neutralization tests, blood samples were taken from 48 individuals, of which 42 were considered high risk personnel. None of the 16 low risk workers exhibited antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 15 high risk laboratory workers. Nine of the latter were already known to carry antibodies from a previous survey in 1978. Titers detected were either at previous levels or slightly higher. Of the remaining 6 out of the 15 positive cases, 3 showed mild clinical and subclinical infection, equivalent to a 12% incidence rate over the 1978-1980 period. An adequate correlation was observed between neutralization and immunofluorescence test: 66.6% for both positive tests and 97.1% for both negative tests. Although the immunofluorescence test ies easier to perform the neutralization test appears to be more reliable clinically. The overall prevalence rate of neutralizing antibodies among non-vaccinated personnel was almost 19%, which warns against the health hazard involved in Junin virus handling.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1993

[Laboratory infections].

Infection constitutes an important professional hazard for health care workers. Since the past decades infections acquired during laboratory work have caused morbidity and even mortality among laboratory employees. In this article the importance of laboratory acquired infections and some guidelines for protection are stated.

Brucellosis↗
PubMed1998

Pathology attributed to Mycobacterium chelonae infection among farmed and laboratory-infected Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.

This study was promoted following concern over increasing mortality on 2 farms rearing Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the Shetland Isles, Scotland. A Mycobacterium sp. was isolated from moribund, market-sized Atlantic salmon. Biochemical tests, lipid analysis and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) techniques confirmed the bacterium to be Mycobacterium chelonae. Multiple greyish-white miliary granuloma-like nodules were observed in several tissues. Dense hard-packed nodules contained abundant acid-fast bacteria. Atlantic salmon injected with M. chelonae remained sub-clinically infected, demonstrating the chronic nature of this disease. The source of the pathogen was not identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Modeling survival of experimentally virus-infected laboratory animals.

Although survival analysis is a well-established mathematical discipline, there seem to be almost no attempts in survival modeling for experimentally virus-infected laboratory animals. We have taken up a stochastic approach originally developed by Shortley in the sixties and have applied it to three different types of experimental data: to virus titer determination, to the dose dependence of the mean survival time and to single survival curves. Experience concerning parameter estimation is reported and new ways of working with the model parameters are proposed. A standard mean survival time is defined and suggested as a new quantitative measure of virulence. Moreover, for the comparison of two experiments for which the amount of virions inoculated is kept fixed, but for which other parameters may vary, a new scheme of systematizing survival data from experimentally virus-infected laboratory animals is proposed. It is very likely that the model can be also applied to cancer survival data or any other infectious pathogen.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiology of boutonneuse fever in western Sicily: accidental laboratory infection with a rickettsial agent isolated from a tick.

A case is reported of an accidental laboratory infection with a strain of Spotted Fever-Group Rickettsiae freshly isolated from a tick collected in Western Sicily. Inoculation into the left thumb of cell-cultured organisms (10(5)/ml) gave rise to clinical signs and symptoms of Boutonneuse Fever after six days, i.e., a lesion at the point of inoculation, fever, headache, conjunctivitis and myalgias. Rickettsiae were isolated from acute-phase blood samples collected from the infected individual and IgM and IgG response was detected in the patient's serum by indirect immunofluorescence. Complete recovery was obtained after antibiotic treatment. Serologic analysis of the strain, together with analyses of the proteins of the isolate, documented that the isolate was Rickettsia conorii and was identical to prototype strain. The relationship of this infection to ongoing studies on the epidemiology of Boutonneuse Fever in Western Sicily is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Morphological variation and abnormality of cephalic hooklets of Gnathostoma spinigerum hepatic stage larvae from laboratory infected mice.

One thousand advanced third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum from laboratory infected mice, two to five weeks after being fed with infected cyclops, were examined specifically for the morphology of their cephalic hooklets. Among these, only the 15-day old (early hepatic-stage) larvae and the 30-day old (late hepatic-stage) larvae were measured for the size of their body and hooklets. The average body size of the 15-day old and 30-day old larvae were 3.4 +/- 0.4 x 0.4 +/- 0.04 mm and 4.9 +/- 0.4 x 0.5 +/- 0.04 mm, respectively. The average size of the hooklets from rows one to four of the 15-day old larvae was 14.6 +/- 1.7 x 6.8 +/- 0.6 microm, 15.6 +/- 2.0 x 7.2 +/- 0.5 microm, 16.0 +/- 1.8 x 7.4 +/- 0.6 microm and 15.9 +/- 1.9 x 7.3 +/- 0.6 microm, respectively. Those of the 30-day old larvae were 15.1 +/- 1.7 x 7.1 +/- 0.6 microm, 16.3 +/- 1.6 x 7.5 +/- 0.7 microm, 16.5 +/- 1.7 x 7.8 +/- 0.6 microm and 16.3 +/- 1.7 x 7.6 +/- 0.8 microm, respectively. The average number of cephalic hooklets from rows one to four of the two- to five-week old larvae were 42.8 +/- 2.6, 45.3 +/- 2.8, 46.9 +/- 2.8 and 50.2 +/- 2.9, respectively. Several types of morphological variation and abnormality of the cephalic hooklets were observed. The most common ones were extra rudimentary hooklets below row four or within the four rows of hooklets (10.8%), the present of a fifth row of hooklets (1.9%), abnormal hooklets in only row four (1.2%), lobed or branched hooklets (0.5%), spiral arrangement of the four rows of hooklets (0.4%), and fragmented hooklets (0.4%).

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Differences in the antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp160) in infected laboratory workers and vaccinees.

Studies of the immune response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been hampered by the antigenic diversity of the HIV envelope protein. In an effort to predict the efficacy of vaccination we have compared the systemic anti-envelope antibody response in seronegative volunteers immunized with recombinant gp160 (either in vaccinia or as soluble protein produced in baculovirus) derived from the HTLV-IIIB strain of HIV-1 and in two laboratory workers accidentally infected with the same strain. 11 of 14 vaccinees responded to immunization by producing anti-gp160 of similar titer and the same isotype as that seen in the laboratory workers. Four vaccinees also had antibody to the principal neutralizing domain (V3 loop) that was comparable in titer with that seen in the laboratory workers, but the fine specificity of anti-V3 antibody was qualitatively different in the two groups. Antibody that can block the interaction between CD4 and gp120 was present at comparable levels in three vaccines and the lab workers. Neutralizing antibody titers were markedly lower in the vaccinees than in the laboratory workers. In seven of the vaccinees, an immunodominant epitope was at amino acid 720-740. Analyses of monoclonal antibodies to this region indicate that they do not neutralize, bind to infected cells, nor function as immunotoxins. Although the anti-gp160 antibody response was of similar magnitude in both infected and vaccinated individuals, there were important qualitative differences.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMed1989

The parasitemia of cloned Trypanoplasma borreli Laveran and Mesnil, 1901, in laboratory-infected common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

The course of parasitemia of cloned Trypanoplasma borreli in laboratory-infected common carp was investigated. In 25-42-g carp kept at 20 C, the prepatent period was 8 days; after a phase of exponential growth, the parasitemia peaked at day 39 postinjection (PI) at a level of about 10(3) T. borreli/microliters blood. This maximum was followed by a chronic phase of about 6 wk with large numbers of T. borreli. At 20 wk PI, T. borreli was absent in infected carp. In 2.2-g carp kept at 20 C, the prepatent period was 4 days only, and the parasitemia peaked at day 23 PI. At 30 C, T. borreli was present in the blood only for 12 wk, and the number of T. borreli did not exceed 162 trypanoplasms/microliters blood. Carp kept at 8 and 15 C showed retarded development of parasitemia. The prepatent period lasted longer and the generation time was increased, but the level of parasitemia was not affected. Carp, inoculated at 8 C and then warmed to 20 C on days 27 and 55 PI, developed a parasitemia of 10(4) flagellates/microliters blood and showed high mortalities. During the prepatent period, T. borreli was found in the muscle tissue of the inoculation area but in no other tissue. In the kidney, T. borreli was found 27 hr PI, whereas in the circulating blood it was manifest at day 3 PI. At the same time it was manifest in the liver and spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Laboratory infection of chicken eggs with Campylobacter jejuni by using temperature or pressure differentials.

Fertile chicken eggs were infected in our laboratory with Campylobacter jejuni suspensions by using temperature or pressure differential methods of inoculation. After 2 days of incubation, over 90% of the eggs carried C. jejuni when iron was present in the inoculum. This percentage declined rapidly until by day 8, less than 10% of the eggs were detectably infected. However, up to 11% of hatched, healthy chicks carried C. jejuni in their intestinal tracts. The isolated organisms were of the same serotype as the initial inoculum. C. jejuni was recovered without difficulty when the intestinal tracts of chicks were enriched, but recovery from early dead-in-shell or infertile eggs was poor. This poor recovery and the rapid decline of C. jejuni after 2 days of egg incubation suggest that the vibrio is sensitive to some part of the incubating egg or to the temperature of prolonged incubation. It was impossible to predict which eggs would yield infected chicks on the basis of the number of organisms taken up by each egg, and no correlation existed between the number of organisms taken up and the efficiency of the hatch, i.e., the hatch ratio. If iron was omitted from the inoculum broth, the egg infection rate at day 2 was lower.

Animals↗