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Results for “LOBOTOMY”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1967

The lobotomy patient--a decade later: a follow-up study of a research project started in 1948.

One hundred and fifty patients with chronic mental illness were treated with prefrontal lobotomy between 1948 and 1952 as part of a research study. Follow-up assessments were made by the author in 1952 and again in 1962. One hundred and sixteen patients of the original 150 were available for the follow-up study which provides the basis for this report. Sixty-seven per cent improved sufficiently to live out of hospital, although 26% did have periods of relapse requiring further treatment. The maximum postoperative response usually occurred at six months and was usually maintained subsequently. Most significant complications of lobotomy were epilepsy (12%) and a personality defect (91%). The results of this lobotomy study were examined in relationship to current psychiatric therapy, with particular reference to recent clinical experience with lobotomy. It was concluded that if prefrontal lobotomy is used for selected cases of intractable mental disorder only, it has probably found its proper place in psychiatric treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A case of glioblastoma manifesting 49 years after lobotomy].

We report a case of glioblastoma manifesting 49 years after a lobotomy. He was diagnosed as having schizophrenia at age 20 and was operated on with a standard lobotomy when he was 27 years old. He had led a useful life after 40 years old without medication. Because of hallucination and delusion, he was hospitalized at the end of 1996. CT showed a well enhanced tumor adjacent to the cavity made by the lobotomy in the left frontal lobe. This is the second case report of glioblastoma just beside the cavity formed by lobotomy. The relationship between glioblastoma and old lobotomy is discussed, especially in regard to morphology and CT findings.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Temporal lobotomy in the surgical management of epilepsy: technical report.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the technique of temporal lobotomy and demonstrate that it may produce results equivalent to anterior temporal lobectomy in the control of drug-resistant complex partial seizures of anterior temporal lobe origin. METHODS: Patient selection and evaluation was similar to that for other patients undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy, with the exception that the 10 selected patients all demonstrated extensive lobar or hemispheral atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic scans. The lobotomy technique involved posterior and superior disconnection, each of which was broken down into lateral and mesial components. RESULTS: At last follow-up, seven patients were seizure-free, one had rare seizures, and two had a less than 90% decrease in seizures. These outcomes are similar to those in our overall temporal lobectomy series. One patient who underwent left-sided temporal lobotomy had a speech fluency deficit postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Temporal lobotomy seems to be an effective disconnective procedure in the treatment of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Larger series will be needed to better define its role in the management of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Transorbital lobotomy at Eastern State Hospital (1951-1954).

1. Lobotomy was one of several somatic treatments for psychiatric illness developed in Europe during the 1930s, and was first performed in the United States in 1936. 2. Patients who underwent transorbital lobotomy at Eastern State Hospital were carefully chosen candidates who had exhausted psychiatric treatment options and for whom little else could be offered. 3. Transorbital lobotomy was displaced in 1955 by rauwolfia and chlorpromazine; no lobotomies were performed thereafter at Eastern State Hospital.

Electroconvulsive Therapy↗
PubMed2000

[The unknown history of lobotomy: women, children and idiots were lobotomized].

The history of prefrontal lobotomy is an interesting example of medicine regarding as useful a treatment method which present-day consensus evaluates in a contrary fashion. A pilot study of archives from the Swedish state mental hospital Umedalen shows that the frequency of lobotomies as well as postoperative mortality were higher than what has earlier been assumed. The majority of the 704 patients who underwent lobotomy at Umedalen hospital were women. One unexpected finding concerns the numbers of mentally retarded patients and children who were subjected to lobotomy. Case records and other documents from the hospital archives indicate that the operation was performed largely for the benefit of the hospital rather than the patient, with an eye to engendering calm and order on the unruly wards.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cranial MR imaging of sequelae of prefrontal lobotomy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although prefrontal lobotomy is an obsolete treatment for schizophrenia, we still encounter patients who have undergone this procedure. The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging findings of sequelae of prefrontal lobotomy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed cranial MR images of eight patients with schizophrenia who underwent prefrontal lobotomy approximately 50 years previously. RESULTS: In all patients, a bilateral cavitary lesion with a thick wall was found in the frontal white matter. The genu of the corpus callosum was mildly to markedly atrophic. The size and location of the cavity and the degree of callosal atrophy were correlated. CONCLUSION: MR imaging is useful for the diagnosis of sequelae of prefrontal lobotomy, including cavitary lesions with dense walls of gliosis and secondary degeneration of the genu of the corpus callosum.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Portrayal of lobotomy in the popular press: 1935-1960.

This study analyzed the content of popular press articles on lobotomy between the years 1935 and 1960. Both a qualitative and quantitative analysis provided evidence that the press initially used uncritical and sensational reporting styles, with the content of articles on lobotomy becoming increasingly negative through time. The initial positive bias occurred despite opposing views in the medical community, which provided a basis for more balanced coverage. These findings support the theory that biased reporting in popular press articles may have been a factor influencing the quick and widespread adoption of lobotomy as a psychiatric treatment.

Brain↗
PubMed1984

History of frontal lobotomy in the United States, 1935-1955.

The history of frontal lobotomy is a dramatic chapter in the development of medical treatment. Based on experimentally induced lesions in primates, lobotomies were introduced as procedures designed to modify the affect and behavior of hospitalized mental patients. Within 10 years, variations in surgical techniques were numerous, and the treatment was an accepted alternative in many hospitals in the United States. Patients on whom the operation was performed had a variety of diagnoses, including schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and affective illness. With the introduction of neuroleptic medication and behavior and milieu therapies, this surgical treatment for the emotional component of psychiatric illness fell into disuse. As its legacy to medicine, frontal lobotomy provided neuroanatomical information from which contemporary biological theories of behavior developed.

Animals↗
PubMed1953

Transorbital lobotomy; its use in relapsing psychotic states.

Twenty-five private patients were treated by transorbital lobotomy. The period of observation after operation was from six months to three years. In 14 cases of affective disorders in which there was not adequate response to shock therapy, nine patients made social recovery and maintained good health and four were improved. Some follow-up shock therapy was necessary for about one-fifth of the patients. Of eight schizophrenic patients four made excellent social recoveries, two improved and two were not improved. In three cases of obsessive compulsive states, results were not satisfactory. In light of the factors of less disturbance to the total personality, absence of postoperative complications, shortened hospitalization, pecuniary savings and better clinical results, the authors prefer transorbital lobotomy to prefrontal lobotomy in private psychiatric practice and believe that in cases of frequent relapse early use of the procedure should be considered to prevent development of a chronic state.

Convulsive Therapy↗
PubMed1990

[An autopsy case of glioblastoma occurred in the region after lobotomy].

The authors describe an autopsy case of glioblastoma occurred after 38 years received lobotomy. The patient was a 72 year-old male, who received lobotomy at 34 year old against schizophrenia. CT scan taken at 72 year old showed irregular low density areas without mass effect in the bilateral frontal white matter adjacent to the anterior horn. After 4 months, the signs of intracranial hypertension were observed and his consciousness was disturbed abruptly. CT scan revealed ring enhancement with marked mass effect in the left frontal lobe. A biopsy specimen from the tumor showed a picture of anaplastic astrocytoma. Family rejected the remission maintenance treatment. The patient died 3 months later the onset. At autopsy, a large tumor occupied in the left frontal lobe was recognized. The tumor demarcated poorly from the cerebral tissue and invaded into the left anterior cingulate gyrus and the corpus callosum. Histologically, tumor cells composed of fibrillary, gemistocytic and multinucleated astrocytes. GFAP, NSE and vimentin were found in large cells. Histological diagnosis was glioblastoma. It was suggested that the tumor occurred from the region around a cyst of prefrontal lobotomy in the left frontal lobe. In the right frontal lobe, a large cyst in size of 30-18 mm was present in the centrum semiovale. The wall of cyst was composed of layer of glial scar tissue. The origin of the cyst was discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Case report of a patient with complex partial frontal lobe seizures as a complication of bifrontal lobotomy.

This case report describes an 85 year-old woman who underwent a bilateral frontal lobotomy for presumed schizophrenia 50 years ago. The patient presented with sudden alterations of consciousness accompanied by motionless staring and speech and movement arrest. After 5 to 10 seconds, contact recovered briskly. As there was electrophysiological evidence for a frontal epileptic focus, these fits were classified as complex partial frontal lobe seizures with impairment of consciousness at onset. An aetiological link with the bifrontal lobotomy is probable. At the occasion of this case report, complications of frontal lobotomy are reviewed.

Aged↗