Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LICE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Evidence from mitochondrial DNA that head lice and body lice of humans (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) are conspecific.

The specific status of the head and body lice of humans has been debated for more than 200 yr. To clarify the specific status of head and body lice, we sequenced 524 base pairs (bp) of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of 28 head and 28 body lice from nine countries. Ten haplotypes that differed by 1-5 bp at 11 nucleotide positions were identified. A phylogeny of these sequences indicates that these head and body lice are not from reciprocally monophyletic lineages. Indeed, head and body lice share three of the 10 haplotypes we found. F(ST) values and exact tests of haplotype frequencies showed significant differences between head and body lice. However, the same tests also showed significant differences among lice from different countries. Indeed, more of the variation in haplotype frequencies was explained by differences among lice from different countries than by differences between head and body lice. Our results indicate the following: (1) head and body lice do not represent reciprocally monophyletic lineages and are conspecific; (2) gene flow among populations of lice from different countries is limited; and (3) frequencies of COI haplotypes can be used to study maternal gene flow among populations of head and body lice and thus transmission of lice among their human hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Unravelling the evolution of the head lice and body lice of humans.

Recent studies of mitochondrial genes of the head and body lice of humans indicate that present-day lice comprise two lineages that diverged before the evolution of modern humans. To test if this was a locus-specific phenomenon, we studied two nuclear genes, elongation factor-1alpha (EF-1alpha) and small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA). Our ssu rRNA phylogeny was concordant with the phylogenies from mitochondrial genes, but the EF-1alpha phylogeny was not concordant either with the mitochondrial phylogenies or with the ssu rRNA phylogeny. So both nuclear (ssu rRNA) and mitochondrial data indicate that there are two lineages of lice: one lineage with head lice only (H-only lineage) the other lineage with head and body lice (H+B lineage). Thus, body lice apparently evolved from just one of the two main lineages of lice. However, the date of divergence and geographical origins of the two lineages are controversial. Kittler et al. (Curr Biol 13:1414-1417, 2003; Curr Biol 14:2309, 2004) proposed that these two lineages diverged 0.77 mya, whereas Reed et al. (PLoS Biol 2:e340, 2004) proposed that they diverged 1.18 mya and suggested that one of the lineages, the H-only lineage, evolved in the New World on Homo erectus. We discuss this hypothesis in light of our results from ssu rRNA.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Lice infestation and lice control remedies in the Ukraine.

A permanent decrease was seen in the prevalence of lice infestation among population of the Ukraine from 1990-2004. The prevalence of lice infestation among children under 14 years of age was 6-27 times more than that in adults. The highest figures were among children 7-14 years old. During all of the observation period there were changing tendencies relative to the groups. The greatest number of cases of infection with lice were noted in the months when the control inspections of children in education institutions were performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A preliminary pilot survey on head lice, pediculosis in Sharkia Governorate and treatment of lice with natural plant extracts.

Twelve different representative areas in Sharkia Governorate were surveyed for head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis. The pre-valence was investigated among 120 houses containing 2,448 individual, with different age, sex and socioeconomic status. Examination was done by naked eye aided with hand-lens. A total of 137 individuals were infested. Infestation rates were higher in the rural areas with low socioeconomic levels, concrete houses with over-crowded family members. Children had significantly higher infestation rates than adults. Males had lower infestation rates than females. However, the hair length and permanent hair washing were the factors accounted for both age and sex difference in prevalence of pediculosis. Head lice infestations were found all over the year, but increased in summer and spring. One hundred infested patients (90 females and 10 males) with different aged and hair length were treated with tour mixed cream from plants Lawsonia alba L. (Henna). Trigonella faemum-gracanum (Fenugreek), Hibiscus cannabinus (Hibiscus) and Artemisia cina (Wormseed). The head lice completely disappeared within a week among those patients treated by henna mixed with aqueous extract of sheah (100%) or mixed with helba (75%) or with karkada (50%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of ectoparasiticides against biting lice, sucking lice and sheep keds on ruminants.

These guidelines have been prepared to assist in the design, implementation and interpretation of studies for the assessment of the efficacy of ectoparasiticides against biting and sucking lice and sheep keds on ruminants. Information is provided on the selection of animals, dose determination, dose confirmation and field studies, record keeping and result interpretation. These guidelines advocate the use of pen facilities for dose determination and dose confirmation studies for defining therapeutic and persistent efficacy. These guidelines are also intended to assist investigators on how to conduct specific experiments, to provide specific information for registration authorities involved in the decision making process, to assist in the approval and registration of new ectoparasiticides, and to facilitate the world-wide adoption of standard procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Propetamphos pour-on formulation for the control of lice on sheep: effect of lice on weight gain and wool production.

Infestation of sheep with the biting louse Damalinia ovis is a potentially serious problem which can effect the quality and quantity of wool produced and may reduce weight gains. In this trial treated sheep produced 34 per cent more wool than louse-infested controls and the wool from the treated sheep was of a better quality. The mean liveweight gain in the treated groups was 18 per cent more than that in the untreated group. Treatment with a pour-on formulation of propetamphos at 25 to 50 mg kg-1 gave more than 99 per cent control of lice and protected against reinfestation for four months.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

[Lice and lice-borne diseases in humans].

Among the three lice which parasite the human being, the human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus, is a vector of infectious diseases. It lives and multiplies in clothes and human infestation is associated with cold weather and a lack of hygiene. Three pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by the body louse: 1) Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus of which the most recent outbreak (and the largest since World War II) was observed during the civil war in Burundi; 2) Borrelia recurrentis, the agent of relapsing fever, historically responsible of massive outbreaks in Eurasia and Africa, which prevails currently in Ethiopia and neighboring countries; 3) Bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, chronic bacteremia, endocarditis, and lymphadenopathy. Body louse infestation, associated with a decline in social and hygienic conditions provoked by civil unrest and economic instability, is reemergent worldwide. Recently, a forth human pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, has been associated to the body louse.

Animals↗
PubMed1959

Studies on sucking lice (Anoplura) in Japan. Part IV. Taxonomical and ecological studies on murine lice.

1. At least twelve subgroups of atypical Type II pneumococcus may be recognized by specific agglutination reactions. They have been designated Subgroups IIa, IIb, IIc, IId, IIe, IIf, IIg, IIh, IIj, IIk, IIl, and IIm. 2. These subgroups have an incidence of 11 per cent in lobar pneumonia, and of 18 per cent in normal mouths. 3. Certain groups, IIb, IIc, IIf, and IIm, occur in normal mouths. 4. Subgroups IIa and IIh are met with largely in connection with disease. 5. The mortality of acute lobar pneumonia due to these atypical Type II pneumococci is fairly high-32 per cent.

Animals↗