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PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of acephate (orthene) on tissue levels of thiamine, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, glycogen and blood sugar.

Effect of Acephate, an organophosphorus insecticide, on tissue levels of thiamine, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, glycogen and blood sugar, has been studied. The albino rats, injected subcutaneously with Acephate (25 mg/10 gm body wt./day) for 4 weeks and 8 weeks, showed appreciable depletion of thiamine in liver, heart, kidney, brain and blood. The depletion of thiamine was found to be more after 8 weeks of Acephate injection. There was concomitant increase in pyruvic acid and lactic acid in various tissues. There was enormous depletion of glycogen in liver and slight rise in blood sugar concentration. The animals injected thiamine (120 micrograms/100 gm body wt./day) along with Acephate, showed more or less normal levels of thiamine, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, liver glycogen and blood sugar. The increase in pyruvic acid and lactic acid in tissues has been attributed to depletion of thiamine which is required of pyruvic acid oxidation. The increase in blood sugar has been attributed to the excess breakdown of glycogen.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Microbial shelf life determination of vacuum-packaged fresh beef treated with polylactic acid, lactic acid, and nisin solutions.

The effectiveness of polylactic acid, lactic acid, nisin, and combinations of the acids and nisin on extending the shelf-life of raw beef was determined. Fresh beef pieces (5 by 5 by 2.5 cm) were dipped in a solution of 2% low molecular weight polylactic acid (LMW-PLA), 2% lactic acid (LA), 200 IU of nisin per ml, or the combinations of nisin in either 2% LMW-PLA or 2% LA. The samples were then drip-dried, vacuum-packaged, and stored at 4 degrees C for up to 56 days. The beef surface pH values and numbers of psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic and mesophilic Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, and Lactobacillus were determined weekly for 56 days. The average surface pH values of the beef samples treated with 2% LMW-PLA or the combination of 200 IU of nisin per ml and 2% LMW-PLA were significantly reduced to 5.19 and 5.17, respectively, at day 0 (P < or = 0.05), while those decontaminated with 2% LA or 200 IU of nisin per ml in 2% LA solution were significantly decreased from 5.62 to 4.98 and 4.96, respectively. The 2% LMW-PLA, 2% LA, or the combinations of each acid and nisin showed immediate inhibitory effects on psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria (1.94, 2.36, 2.59, and 1.76 log reduction, respectively), psychrotrophic Enterobacteriaceae (1.37, 1.86, 1.77, and 1.35 log reduction, respectively), mesophilic Enterobacteriaceae (1.00, 1.00, 0.82, and 0.68 log reduction, respectively), and Pseudomonas (1.77, 1.57, 1.76, and 1.41 log reduction, respectively) on fresh beef (P < or = 0.05). The reduction was evident up to 56 days as seen by the numbers of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas (P < or = 0.05). Because there was no interaction between treatments and storage times, the data in each period were combined and presented as effect of treatments on overall microbial counts of fresh beef. It was found that 2% LMW-PLA, 2% LA, and the combinations of each acid and nisin significantly lowered the population of the above organisms compared with the untreated control, water, or nisin alone (P < or = 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, and pH in the stools of breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.

We measured fecal pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and lactic acid concentrations in 67 healthy infants ranging in age from 1 to 5 months. The babies were divided into five groups according to their diet: group 1: human milk, with subgroups of 1 month of age (n = 8), and 2-5 months (n = 12); group 2: formula milk, with subgroups of 1 month of age (n = 9) and 2-5 months (n = 10); group 3: cow's milk, one group of 2-5 months of age (n = 12); group 4: human milk supplemented with formula milk, 2-5 months of age (n = 8); and group 5: human milk supplemented with cow's milk, 2-5 months of age (n = 8). Fecal VFA concentration and pH of bottle-fed infants (groups 2 and 3) were significantly higher and lactic acid concentrations significantly lower than those of the breast-fed group. Groups 4 and 5 showed significantly higher pH and propionic acid concentration, and lower lactic acid concentration than Group 1 did. There were no significant differences in the data on pH, VFA, and lactic acid concentrations between the feces of formula and cow's milk groups. On the other hand, the addition of formula or cow's milk to the human milk was sufficient to alter the profile of VFA, the pH, and the lactic acid concentration of breast-fed infants stools. Low pH, low VFA, and high lactic acid concentrations make the colonic content of breast-fed babies an environment favorable for Bifidobacteria growth, and this is probably the main protective factor against gastrointestinal infections.

Acetates↗
PubMed1994

Fifty:fifty poly (DL glycolic acid-lactic acid) copolymer as a drug delivery system for 5-fluorouracil: a histopathological evaluation.

Fifty:fifty poly (DL glycolic acid-lactic acid) copolymer (PGLA) is a potentially useful depot drug delivery system for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fibroinflammatory reaction induced by this polymer. Polymer discs without 5-FU were inserted subconjunctivally in one eye of each of two guinea pigs and four pigmented rabbits (control group), and discs containing 20% 5-FU were inserted subconjunctivally in both eyes of nine pigmented rabbits (study group). The tissue reaction to the copolymer did not differ between rabbits and guinea pigs, with a mild mixed inflammatory reaction 1 week after implantation. At 2 weeks a thin fibrous capsule surrounded the discs, with no change in the amount of inflammation. At 4 weeks the disc had disintegrated, but residual polymer was seen within multinucleated giant cells in the episcleral tissue. Granulation tissue and inflammatory responses were mild. Less inflammation and fibrosis occurred in the study eyes, although the pattern of response was similar in the two groups. The inflammatory response to PGLA was markedly less than that to implanted collagen shields, and our findings suggest that PGLA implant is a promising ocular drug delivery system for 5-FU after filtration surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Survival of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A on vacuum-packaged raw beef treated with polylactic acid, lactic acid, and nisin.

Low-molecular-weight polylactic acid (LMW-PLA) and lactic acid (LA) were used to inhibit growth of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A on vacuum-packaged beef. Nisin was also used simultaneously as an additional hurdle to the growth of this pathogen. Inoculated beef cubes were immersed in a solution of 2% LMW-PLA, 2% LA, 400 IU/ml of nisin, or combinations of each acid and nisin for 5 min and drip-dried for 15 min. The cubes were then vacuum-packaged and stored at 4 degrees C for up to 42 days. Surface pH values of beef cubes treated with 2% LMW-PLA, the combination of 400 IU/ml of nisin and 2% LMW-PLA (2% NPLA), or 400 IU/ml of nisin alone were significantly reduced from 5.59 to 5.18, 5.01, and 5.19, respectively, whereas those decontaminated with 2% LA or 400 IU/ml of nisin and 2% LA (2% NLA) were significantly decreased from 5.59 to 4.92 and 4.83, respectively, at day 0 (P < or = 0.05). The 2% LMW-PLA, 2% LA, 2% NPLA, 2% NLA, and 400 IU/ml of nisin showed immediate bactericidal effects on L. monocytogenes Scott A (1.22-, 1.56-, 1.57-, 1.94-, and 1.64-log10 reduction, respectively) compared with the initial number of 5.33 log10 CFU/cm2 of the untreated control at day 0 (P < or = 0.05). These treatments, combined with vacuum-packaging and refrigeration temperature, succeeded to inhibit growth of L. monocytogenes during storage up to 42 days. At the end of 42 days, the numbers of L. monocytogenes Scott A remaining viable on these samples were 1.21, 0.36, 2.21, 0.84, and 0.89 log10 CFU/cm2, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The effect of citric acid, lactic acid, sodium citrate and sodium lactate, alone and in combination with nisin, on the growth of Arcobacter butzleri.

The importance of Arcobacter spp. as a cause of human foodborne illness is unresolved. Organic acids and their sodium salts, and nisin are preservatives commonly used in the type of foods from which the organism is recovered. In this study their effect on the growth of A. butzleri in culture, alone and in combination, was investigated. At 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% lactic and citric acids inhibited A. butzleri growth; 2% sodium lactate was effective in inhibiting growth over 8 h incubation but not over longer periods. Sodium citrate was more effective than sodium lactate. Nisin alone inhibited A. butzleri growth at 500 IU ml-1 over 5 h. It did not enhance the effect of sodium citrate inhibition but it did augment the effect of sodium lactate alone over 8 h.

Arcobacter↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of acute ingestion of ethanol on several metabolic parameters (blood sugar, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, lactic acid and uric acid) in subjects with type I diabetes mellitus].

7 diabetic type I patients and 17 normal subjects underwent to acute ethanol oral load (0,8 g/Kg), in order to investigate the modifications produced on glucose, triglycerides, FFA, lactate and uric acid plasma values. Our results show basal differences between diabetics and controls in all these parameters; furthermore, acute ethanol ingestion produces no significant variations of blood glucose in both groups, a significant decrease in FFA levels, an increase of triglyceridemic levels, more evident in diabetics and an increase of lactate, earlier in normals. On the other hand, there is no significant modification in uric acid plasma levels in controls, whereas in diabetics there is an increase, probably due to more elevated lactacidemic values in the late phase of the test.

Adolescent↗