Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LABOR, INDUCED”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Uterine activity in primiparous and multiparous women in spontaneous labor and induced labor with oxytocin].

An analysis was performed of 5187 intra-amniotically measured labor pressure curves in 40 births with spontaneous labour (20 primiparae and 20 multiparae) and 40 births births in which labor was induced with oxytocin (20 primiparae and 20 multiparae). The dilatation of the os uteri was divided into three phases--Phase 1, dilatation of the cervix to 2 cm; Phase 2, dilatation of the cervix from 2 to 4 cm, and Phase 3, dilatation from 4 cm onwards until complete. During the active phase, from 2 cm until dilatation of the os uteri was complete, no differences were observed between induced and spontaneous labor with regard to frequency and amplitude of contractions. In the induced-labor cases, the parameters for uterine activity, maximum contraction and dilatation speed were higher in all three phases of labor, and those for total duration of labor lower than in the spontaneous labor cases. The contraction/dilatation speed is an important parameter for monitoring the effect of drug-induced stimulation of labor. In the latency phase in spontaneous labor, more contractions were observed in multiparae than in primiparae. This fact which should be reason enough to intensify monitoring of both mother and fetus during this phase. In light of these results it would appear advisable, in the absence of progress in labor, to make a clear distinction between the goals of cervical maturity and promotion of uterine activity, and to institute different drug therapy accordingly.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The stretch modulus of human cervical tissue in spontaneous, oxytocin-induced, and prostaglandin E2-induced labor.

A total of 62 strips of cervical tissue from 28 patients at term were tested for stiffness (stretch modulus) by elongation and measuring the tension produced by a given stretch. The stretch modulus was taken as the slope of the linear regression curve derived from the linear portion of the stress-strain relationship. The data were obtained from three patient categories: (1) 17 strips from seven patients undergoing spontaneous labor, (2) 18 strips form 10 patients with labor induced by PGE2, and (3) 27 strips from 11 patients with labor induced by oxytocin. The stretch moduli of cervical tissue obtained from spontaneous and oxytocin-induced labor patients were similar. The stretch moduli of cervical tissue obtained from PGE2-induced labor patients were significantly lower than those from either the spontaneous or the oxytocin-induced labor groups. These results show that PGE2, when used for induction of labor at term, has the ability to lower the stiffness of cervical tissue. This property of prostaglandin may be useful therapeutically for the indicated induction of labor in patients with an unfavorable cervix.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1987

Changes in the plasma prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite before and during spontaneous labor and labor induced by amniotomy, oxytocin and prostaglandin E2.

To elucidate the role of endogenous prostaglandin F2 alpha in spontaneous and induced labor, plasma concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were determined before the onset of labor, at onset of labor, during active labor, at the crowning of the fetal head, and 1 and 2 hours after delivery. Patients in spontaneous labor and labor induced by amniotomy, oxytocin, and prostaglandin E2 were studied. The levels of plasma PGFM in patients who entered spontaneous labor fell 2 to 3 weeks before delivery, whereas those in the induced labor group did not change until the time of induction. Although the levels of PGFM rose gradually with the progress of labor in all cases, the levels in the spontaneous labor were significantly lower in each stage than in the corresponding stage of induced labor. These results suggest that endogenous prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) production decreases 2-3 weeks prior to the spontaneous onset of labor and is increased again as labor progresses, that the patterns of PGF2 alpha production are similar to each other during spontaneous labor and labor induced by various methods. Therefore, it is felt that endogenous PGF2 alpha may participate in the progress of all kinds of labor.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Intravaginal misoprostol versus dinoprostone as cervical ripening and labor-inducing agents.

OBJECTIVE: To compare dinoprostone (prostaglandin E2) and misoprostol (prostaglandin E1) for ripening the cervix and inducing labor at term. METHODS: Sixty-three women were randomized to receive 100 micrograms misoprostol or 3 mg dinoprostone, both as intravaginal tablets. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the groups for pre-induction status. The mean Bishop scores before drug insertion were almost identical. Twelve hours after insertion, the mean change in the Bishop score was significantly higher in those receiving misoprostol (5.0 versus 3.3) (P = .008). However, there were no significant differences in induction-to-delivery interval, spontaneous labor rates, type of delivery, fetal outcome, or maternal complications. CONCLUSION: Misoprostol is as effective as dinoprostone for inducing labor at term.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1999

[National survey on the use of induced labor by obstetricians. Study Group on Induced Labor].

INTRODUCTION: A strong rise in the use of induced labor has been observed in France. The aim of this work was to analyze the different methods used for achieving induction of labor and their implications. METHODS: One out of four French obstetricians were randomly selected to answer a questionnaire on their practice for achieving induction of labor. Four hundred of the 997 obstetricians answered the questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analysis was applied. RESULTS: A high rate of induced labor was correlated with some areas of the country and with private practice. Certain methods were used in spite of opposing advice by experts in the field: elective induction of labor with unfavorable cervix, use of prostaglandins in elective induction of labor, induction of labor in cases of scarred uterus or breech presentation, use of misoprostol. Some methods were still used in spite of their poor efficacy: intravenous oxytocin used with unfavorable cervix, use of intravensou PGE2. CONCLUSION: This study would show that theory and practice are often distinctly different. Induction of labor is currently used on a far wider scale than ever before. We obviously need studies for careful assessment of the circumstances in which induction of labor is used in order to improve methods and indications of such a clinical practice.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Excessive uterine activity accompanying induced labor.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and timing of excessive uterine activity accompanying induction of labor with misoprostol using different routes (oral or vaginal) and forms (intact tablet or crushed) and to compare these with dinoprostone gel, oxytocin, and spontaneous labor. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 519 women at term who had labor induced and 86 women at term in spontaneous labor. Induction agents included misoprostol, dinoprostone, or oxytocin. Fetal heart rate and uterine activity tracings were analyzed independently by three maternal-fetal medicine physicians. The diagnosis of tachysystole or hyperstimulation required the agreement of two or more reviewers. RESULTS: The incidence of tachysystole was highest with misoprostol administered by vaginal tablet (misoprostol vaginal tablet 50 microg every 4 hours, 48.6%; vaginal tablet crushed 50 microg and suspended in hydroxyethyl gel every 4 hours, 30.7%, P =.009; oral tablet 50 microg every 4 hours, 22.2%, P =.001; oral tablet crushed 50 microg every 4 hours, 15.5%, P <.001; dinoprostone gel, 33.0%, P =.022; intravenous oxytocin, 30.2%, P =.027; and spontaneous onset of labor, 23.3%, P <.001). Hyperstimulation occurred more often with dinoprostone gel (16.5%) than with other forms of induction or spontaneous labor. Hyperstimulation occurred significantly more often with vaginal misoprostol crushed tablet (7.9%) and vaginal misoprostol intact tablet (7.6%) than with crushed oral misoprostol (1.0%) (P =.016 and.018, respectively). There was a shorter time to tachysystole with increasing doses of vaginal misoprostol tablet (P =.01). CONCLUSION: The incidence of tachysystole and hyperstimulation, and time to tachysystole, varied depending on the route and form of misoprostol given.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1995

Amniotomy to induce labor.

Amniotomy to induce labor is used frequently. The potential risks compared with potential benefits of artificial rupture of membranes have caused the popularity of amniotomy to vary in the last two centuries. Although there are little data available from prospective randomized studies regarding the effectiveness of amniotomy alone to induce labor, several series have showed success in its use. In addition, no well-accepted, prospectively randomized study is available comparing the effectiveness of amniotomy to oxytocin for induction of labor. The most effective combination of amniotomy with uterotonic agents to induce labor is still a fertile area for investigation.

Amnion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cost evaluation of two induced labor methods].

Two induced labor methods, the venoclysis with oxitocin and the self-stimulation of the nipples, were comparatively evaluated in 2 groups of pregnant women (80) admitted at the Eastern Gyneco-obstetric and Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba during the first semester of 1993. The following variables were calculated: drugs intake, material expenses, length of stay, and quality. A questionnaire was used to collect them. Percent and chi square were applied to these data, which were represented by tables. The self-stimulation of the nipples proved to be the most economical as regards the saving os spendable material and drugs. Hospital stay and the perinatal results connected with the type of labor and the newborn status were similar with both methods.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1987

Changes in plasma oxytocin, prostaglandin E1, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha during labor induced by prostaglandin E2 or F2 alpha and spontaneous labor.

To observe the changes in endogenous oxytocics during spontaneous and induced labor, the plasma concentrations of oxytocin, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured during labor in 9 cases of spontaneous labor (group 1), 10 of PGE2-induced labor (group 2), and 7 of PGF2 alpha-induced labor (group 3). Unextracted samples were used for radioimmunoassay of oxytocin. PGE and PGF were extracted and separated for radioimmunoassays of PGE1 and PGFM. Although oxytocin levels in groups 1 and 3 did not change during labor or slightly increased toward delivery, those in group 2 decreased as labor progressed. The mean oxytocin in group 2 was significantly lower at the times of established labor (15.3 +/- 3.2 microU/ml, mean +/- SE) and crowing of the fetal head (10.8 +/- 2.0 microU/ml) than before labor (52.7 +/- 14.8 microU/ml). Plasma PGE1 levels in groups 1 and 3 were low and did not change during labor. Plasma PGFM levels in groups 1 and 2 gradually rose toward delivery. These results suggest that exogenous PGE2 suppresses oxytocin secretion during labor and stimulates endogenous PGF2 alpha production, that endogenous PGE1 may not play an important role in the progress of spontaneous and PGF2 alpha-induced labor, and that endogenous PGF2 alpha may participate in the promotion of all kinds of labor.

Alprostadil↗