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Results for “Karyotype analysis”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Karyotype analysis of a frog pronephric tumor cell line.

Pronephric tumor cell lines, established from explants of a herpes virus induced frog renal adenocarcinoma, were shown to have a aneuploid modal chromosome number of 39. A karyotypic analysis of one line demonstrated the presence of abnormal chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations not previously reported for Lucké tumor cells. The cell line was characterized by two marker chromosomes of high incidence, but there was no evidence of a stemline population of tumor cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Chromosomal banding and karyotype analysis in an Ehrlich mouse ascites tumor cell line.

The karyotype and the banding pattern of chromosomes through different techniques following Giemsa staining have been worked out in an Ehrlich mouse ascites tumour cell line. The stemline cells show a mode at 74-76. A metacentric chromosome is present in almost all the cells. Some cells show a long telocentric chromosome with a possible secondary constriction. C-bands are restricted at the telomeric regions of the chromosomes excepting in the metacentric one. From the banding pattern it seems that the nucleolar organizers are located at the telomeric region. No band is associated with the second constriction of the long telocentric chromosome. It is suggested that the long metacentric chromosome has arisen out of a Robertsonian translocation involving end to end centromeric fusion of two non-homologue chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Karyotype analysis of teratocarcinomas and embryoid bodies of C3H mice.

Karotype and capacity for differentiation were determined in four transplantable teratomas, and their embryoid bodies, derived from C3H mouse embryos. An apparently normal karyotype was retained by one tumour and one subline that were able to differentiate into a wide range of tissues, but some chromosomal alterations were found in the two tumours and one subline that showed almost identical restrictions in their capacity for differentiation. Trisomy for chromosome 11 was shared by all three restricted tumours; two of the tumours had similar length changes in the same two chromosome (1 and 14) while the third was generally trisomic for four other chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Sexual differentiation of newborn rabbits with karyotype analysis for experimental use (author's transl)].

The sex of newborn rabbits is differentiated. A three-day blood culture of the blood of the retrobulbar venous plexus and a short term culture within one hour was followed by the preparation of the chromosome metaphases. The mitoses have a good spreading, and they are numerous for the sex differentiation. The sex determination is carried out with the Focomat microscope (E. Leitz, Wetzlar) after having photographed the metaphases.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Karyotype analysis of the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines by electron microscopy. 1. The diploid.

Heterodera glycines is a diploid amphimictic nematode with n = 9 chromosomes. Nine normal synaptonemal complexes (SC) were detected following 3-dimensional reconstruction of pachytene nuclei from electron microscopy of serial sections. Regions of unique 'modified synaptonemal complexes' (MSC) were observed along 2 SCs. These consist of a heterochromatic knob within which the SC appears either disorganized or stacked in layers of lateral elements. Its function is not known. Recombination nodules and 'cylindrical granular complexes', were not observed in H. glycines.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Karyotypic analysis of human cell lines (CaVe and HeLa) by the method of differential staining of chromosomes].

Karyological analysis of CaVe (human stomach cancer) and HeLa cell lines was carried out by means of differential Giemsa staining. In the CaVe cells 12 marker chromosomes were revealed, seven of them similar to those found in our HeLa cell strain. Four markers in our HeLa subline and seven in CaVe cells were similar to those of HeLa sublines described in literature. The authors have arrived at the conclusion that the CaVe line isolated in 1961 was contaminated and now represents a variant of HeLa cell line.

Cell Line↗
PubMed2025

Comprehensive chromosomal abnormality detection: integrating CNV-Seq with traditional karyotyping in prenatal diagnostics.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of copy number variation sequencing (CNV-Seq) in detecting chromosomal abnormalities in prenatal diagnosis, comparing its performance with traditional karyotype analysis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1001 prenatal samples collected between April 2021 and December 2023. Samples were analyzed using both CNV-Seq and karyotype analysis. The detection rates of chromosomal abnormalities were compared between the two methods across various prenatal diagnostic indications. Clinical follow-up was performed to assess pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: CNV-Seq detected chromosomal abnormalities in 89 of 1,001 cases (8.9%), compared to 50 cases (5.0%) identified by traditional karyotyping. CNV-Seq not only detected all abnormalities identified by karyotyping, including common aneuploidies such as trisomy 21 and sex chromosome abnormalities, but also uncovered 53 additional pathogenic submicroscopic CNVs associated with 33 known syndromes. The detection rates of CNV-Seq were significantly higher in high-risk groups, such as those identified by non-invasive prenatal testing (HR-NIPT) and maternal serum screening (HR-MSS), demonstrating superior sensitivity and accuracy in prenatal diagnostics. CONCLUSION: CNV-Seq demonstrated superior sensitivity in detecting chromosomal abnormalities, particularly submicroscopic alterations, compared to traditional karyotyping. The study highlights the potential of CNV-Seq as a valuable tool in prenatal diagnostics, offering improved detection of genetic abnormalities and guiding clinical decision-making. However, a combined approach using both CNV-Seq and karyotype analysis is recommended for comprehensive prenatal genetic screening.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

[Optical genome mapping analysis of a Chinese pedigree with a complex balanced translocation involving four chromosomes].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic characteristics of a complex balanced translocation involving four non-homologous chromosomes in a Chinese pedigree using optical genomic mapping (OGM). METHODS: A woman with primary infertility and her family members who presented at the Prenatal Diagnosis Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in October 2021 were selected as study subjects. Comprehensive analysis and verification of chromosomal abnormalities were conducted through conventional G-band karyotyping analysis, single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array) and OGM. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital (Ethics No.: E2022210). RESULTS: G-band karyotyping analysis indicated that the proband, her father, and younger brother have all carried a complex translocation involving four chromosomes. SNP array analysis revealed a duplication of approximately 21.63 Mb in the 9p24.1-p21.1 region in the proband's younger brother, while no abnormality was detected in other family members. OGM confirmed that the complex balanced translocation has involved chromosomes 5, 8, 9, and 10. CONCLUSION: The proband has harbored a complex balanced translocation. OGM has demonstrated certain advantages in characterization of complex chromosomal structural abnormalities.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Light microscope analysis of meiotic prophase chromosomes by silver staining.

A method is described for the silver staining of the synaptonemal complex in surface-spread mammalian spermatocytes for light microscope examination. The method is quick, reliable, of broad applicability, and provides a means of making karyotype analysis at meiotic prophase. Many hundreds of suitable cells can be examined in an average preparation in a relatively short space of time. It has so far been applied only to mammalian spermatocytes, but could be used for karyotype analysis in oocytes of mammals and also applied to gonocytes of non-mammalian species.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Murine myeloid leukemia: colony formation in vitro.

Normal and myeloid leukemic spleen cells from RF mice were cultured in vitro in plasma clots. In situ histochemical staining and karyotypic analysis of the colonies formed in the clot revealed that the colonies produced by leukemic and normal progenitors were indistinguishable morphologically and cytochemically. Colonies of leukemic origin were identified by in situ karyotypic analysis, a method not previously utilized in studies of hematopoietic proliferation in semi-solid matrices.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Periodate and concanavalin A induce blast transformation of rat lymphocytes by an indirect mechanism.

When rat lymph node cells, rendered incapable of division by treatment with mitomycin C, were then reacted with sodium metaperiodate (NaIO4), they stimulated the transformation of untreated, syngeneic lymph node cells in vitro. Unequivocal evidence that untreated lymph node cells responded in this situation was obtained by means of sex chromosome karyotype analysis. In experiments in which the ratio of responder to stimulator cells was varied between the limits of pure responder and pure stimulator cells at a constant cell density, [3H]thymidine incorporation increased linearly to a maximum at a ratio of 1:1, and then decreased linearly. These results suggest a predominantly bicellular reaction in which one periodate-treated cell stimulates only one responder cell. In experiments in which stimulator cells were reacted with periodate, but not treated with mitomycin C, and then mixed at a 1:1 ratio with untreated, syngeneic lymph node cells, karyotype analysis showed that both periodate-treated and untreated lymph node cells responded in significant numbers. Lymph node cells were cultured at various cell densities under three different conditions: one group was made up entirely of cells treated with periodate; a second group consisted of a 1:1 mixture of cells treated with periodate and untreated cells; the third group contained normal cells cultured in the presence of soluble concanavalin A. Expressed as [3H]thymidine incorporated per 10(6) cells, a progressive increase was found at the lower cell densities for all three groups, and identical slopes (about 2.5) were obtained when the results were plotted on a full logarithmic scale. Mitomycin C-treated lymph node cells incubated with concanavalin A and then thoroughly washed were found to be capable of transforming untreated, syngeneic lymph node cells. Maximal [3H]thymidine incorporation also occurred at a ratio of 1:1. These results show that, similarly to periodate stimulation, mitogenic stimulation by concanavalin A probably operates through an indirect mechanism, analogous to a mixed lymphocyte reaction. It is possible that other mitogenic agents also operate indirectly.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparative analysis of karyotypes in European shrew species. I. The sibling species Sorex araneus and S. gemellus: Q-bands, G-bands, and position of NORs.

The karyotypes of two closely related species of the genus Sorex (Mammalia, Insectivora) were compared with each other by G- and Q-banding techniques and by Ag-AS staining (GOODPASTURE and BLOOM, 1975). By comparing the G-banded karyotypes, it could be ascertained that the basic differences in karyotype between the two species lie in three pericentric inversions, three paracentric inversions, and one reciprocal translocation. This is in near agreement with FORD and HAMERTON (1970), who assumed that both species differ by three pericentric inversions and one tandem translocation. Furthermore, the karyotype of S. araneus (race C) presented by HALKKA et al. (1974) has been compared with the S. araneus of the present report. Considering the species with respect to karyotypic evolution, it is supposed that S. araneus and S. gemellus derive from a common ancestor.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Generation of Aneuploid Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Primary Amniotic Fluid Cells via Episomal Plasmid Electroporation.

The generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from amniotic fluid cells (AFCs) carrying defined chromosomal aneuploidies provides a powerful platform for modeling genetic disorders. However, establishing a reliable and reproducible reprogramming pipeline for aneuploid AFCs remains technically challenging due to the intrinsic genomic instability and variable proliferative capacity of these cells. Here, we present a comprehensive, non-integrating method for generating aneuploid human iPSCs from primary AFCs using episomal plasmid electroporation. This protocol details the complete workflow, encompassing cell thawing and expansion with a gradual media adaptation strategy, optimized plasmid delivery via electroporation system, sequential post-electroporation culture with mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET)-directed media changes, and mechanical colony picking based on defined morphological criteria. We further describe validation procedures, including immunofluorescence staining for core pluripotency markers, G-banding karyotype analysis to confirm aneuploid karyotype maintenance, and PCR-based episomal vector clearance verification. This feeder-free, integration-free protocol yields aneuploid iPSC lines suitable for disease modeling, drug screening, and studies of chromosome biology.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Isolation of a human prostate carcinoma cell line (DU 145).

A long-term tissue culture cell line has been derived from a human prostate adenocarcinoma metastatic to the brain. The cell line, DU 145, has been passaged 90 times in vitro over a period of 2 years. The cells are epithelial, grow in isolated islands on plastic Petri dishes, and form colonies in soft agar suspension culture. Karyotypic analysis demonstrates an aneuploid human karyotype with a modal chromosome number of 64. Distinctive marker chromosomes (a translocation Y chromosome, metacentric minute chromosomes and three large acrocentic chromosomes) have been identified. Electron microscopy of the original tumor tissue and of the tissue culture cell line show a remarkable similarity in cell organelle structure.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Establishment and characterization of a strain of human adrenal tumor cells that secrete estrogen.

We report the establishment of a new cell line, designated Fang-8, which originated from a human adrenal adenocarcinoma. It has been continuously propagated during the past 20 months. The cells exhibit an epithelioid morphology, resembling the cell structure of the zona reticularis when viewed by electron microscopy. Since passage 12, the cells showed a characteristic ring-forming property in culture. The cells produce neither testosterone, mineralocorticosteroids, nor glucocorticosteroids; instead, they possess the unique function of estrogen production. Karyotypic analysis revealed a 100% aneuploid, unstable karyotype in the hyperdiploid stem line. Identification of the Y chromosome was uncertain. In view of these characteristics, Fang-8 represents a new human cell line, unlikely to be contaminated with HeLa strains, and different from another cell line derived from human adrenal cortex andenocarcinoma, namely SW-13(ATCC CCL 105).

Adenocarcinoma↗