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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Comparison of the WISC-R and culture fair intelligence test in a juvenile delinquent population.

Culture Fair and WISC-R scores were obtained of 51 delinquent juveniles. Comparison of mean scores on the two tests for minority and white juveniles demonstrated the Culture Fair to be less culturally biased than the WISC-R. On analysis of variance there was a significant difference due to ethnicity and test used, and a significant interaction of those two factors. The interaction was due to the elevation of the score of minority juveniles on the Culture Fair compared with WISC-R scores. Correlations between the WISC-R scores, subtest scale scores, and Culture Fair scores were significant at the .01 level which provides further validation of the WISC-R.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Optometric intervention in the control of juvenile delinquents.

We are losing the battle against crime and delinquency and we have to continue to lose so long as we keep developing juvenile delinquents. In order to prevent crime, we have to prevent juvenile delinquency for criminals are not born, they develop from juvenile delinquents. Research studies in Chattanooga, Tennessee, show that the youngsters brought before the juvenile court have many different kinds of problems, but one problem that almost all have, other than the drug scene kid, is that they cannot read adequately. Many high school students are reading at first, second and third grade level; 91 percent to 94 percent of our juvenile delinquents are having reading and learning difficulties in the classroom. Consequently, they are all socially promoted and are facing the sting of failure which leads to truancy and conflict with school authorities. These children go from frustration to frustration and become behavior problems in the classroom. The teachers of the first, second, and third grades know which children are having difficulty with reading and will have possible behavioral problems, possibly becoming juvenile delinquents. This writer believes there are five essential preconditions which contribute to one's becoming a juvenile delinquent. Robert had them all: 1. Lack of proper supervision by the parents is the first precondition which contributes to juvenile delinquency. The family is the first and basic institution for the development of the child's emotional intellectual, moral, spiritual, physical and social behavior. 2. Improper discipline is the second factor. Experience teaches us that permissiveness should be controlled at an early age, and too much discipline is just as bad as too little discipline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Relating personality characteristics to juvenile offense categories: differences between status offenders and juvenile delinquents.

Examined the Jesness Inventories of 72 male juvenile offenders to see whether personality differences existed between the profiles of juvenile delinquents and status offenders. Of the 10 scales of the Jesness, analyses of variance yielded significant mean differences for 3 of the scales; 2 approached significance. A discriminant analysis also clearly discriminated between the two statutorily defined groups; status offenders appeared more rather than less disturbed than the juvenile delinquents. Results were discussed in terms of treatment ramifications and in providing empirical evidence to aid policy makers presently involved in deciding the appropriateness of court jurisdiction over status offenders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Hypertension, blood pressure variability, and juvenile delinquency.

Although the possible role of hypertension and/or blood pressure variability in the causation of juvenile delinquency has not been directly investigated hitherto, there is evidence to suggest (a) that an excess prevalence of blood pressure variability rather than hypertension is the aspect of cardiovascular functioning which characterizes adolescents, and some indirect evidence suggests (b) that increased blood pressure variability rather than hypertension is associated with juvenile delinquency. Official criminal statistics reveal a marked increase in the rate of convictions of males in their early and middle teens--the time of puberty and the adolescent growth spurt. It is hypothesized that increased blood pressure variability is one aspect of the general change in growth rate and metabolism occurring at puberty. These physiologic changes, together with the simultaneous addition of various social stresses, may lower the threshold for aggression and impulsivity, thus placing the individual at greater risk of involvement in the wide spectrum of behaviors collectively termed "delinquent".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The learning-disabled juvenile delinquent: a case for early intervention of perceptually handicapped children.

The relationship between learning disabilities and juvenile delinquency is examined from an historical perspective as well as from the author's investigations. The majority of studies suggest that learning disabilities occur with significant frequency in delinquent populations. Perceptual disorders can be a significant cause of academic underachievement and poor social adaptation among youthful offenders. Preliminary results of an investigation of the learning-disabled delinquent confirm that the perceptually handicapped child is at high risk for developing these behavioral problems. As one of the first professionals who may be involved in the evaluation and treatment of the perceptually handicapped child, the occupational therapist is a key person in effecting early intervention. Early intervention is considered of prime importance as one preventive measure of juvenile delinquency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Human figure drawing characteristics related to juvenile delinquents.

Human figure drawings were scored on seven characteristics popularly attributed to juvenile delinquents, i.e., head size, shading, and three indicators of emotional conflict, i.e., transparencies, omissions, and erasures. Ss were adolescents incarcerated at training schools. Delinquency was defined in terms of MMPI profiles associated with delinquency rather than by social-legal or medical-diagnostic classification. The results fail to support popular hypotheses concerning human figure drawings of delinquents. Delinquents drew significantly more transparencies; however, no other emotional indicator was significant. It was concluded that little support exists for hypotheses concerning human figure drawings of delinquents and drawings should be used with caution in the clinical assessment of a delinquent's personality.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Frontal lobe system maturational lag in juvenile delinquents shown in narratives test.

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that a brief clinical test of frontal lobe system (FLS) maturity levels, designated as Stages I, II, III, IV, can differentiate between three experimental groups (all of age 9-16): normal Ss, Ss with emotional problems, and juvenile delinquents. The stages represent 1) disjointedness of activities; 2) inability to switch the principle of action of an ongoing activity appropriately; 3) planning, and 4) ability to switch the principle of action of an ongoing activity and to re-program it appropriately in accordance with new circumstances. By means of a blindly performed brief form analysis of action patterns expressed through narratives, it was shown that 70% of the normal Ss attained stage IV, but only 47% of the delinquent Ss did so. These findings support the previously proposed new conceptual model about ethical action behavior in general (Pontius, 1972) and in particular with regard to a subgroup of juvenile delinquents who reveal signs of a neuro-physiological dysfunction, probably a maturational lag of the FLS. In the present sample, this appears to be especially revealed in the specific inability to switch in a flexible manner the principle or plan of action of an ongoing activity according to new circumstances, resorting to re-programming. Such specific inability calls for specific classification as such, thereby enabling the formulation of specific remedial efforts, which are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Environmental factors in juvenile delinquency].

Experimental data are cited for the proposition that the complicated aspects of juvenile delinquency can only be understood and explained by adopting a simultaneous psychological and sociological approach. It is also shown that the manifestations of delinquency, though not its actual presence, may be influenced by sex and a depressed city or rural background. Environmental factors serving as stimulating features and hereditary (i.e. predisposing) factors undoubtedly contribute to the formation of the Ego. The former, however, are elaborated by their receipient and are not sufficient to explain a certain type of behaviour. The influence of cultural models should not be underestimated. These, where predominant, tend to render normative what may be considered as deviant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Juvenile delinquency and the psychology of general deterrence.

The study was concerned with the relevance of the judicial concept of general deterrence of juvenile delinquency. A comparison of attitudes of high-school boys, in areas of low and high delinquency, towards the likelihood of apprehension and the painfulness of punishment for criminal offences, and of the boys' factual knowledge of judicial punishment, did not support the hypothesis that potential juvenile offenders are deterred by fear of apprehension and punishment, or by having an objective knowledge of penal measures. The attitudes of the boys were found to vary with different combinations of socio-economic status and delinquency levels in their geographic areas. The findings were discussed in the light of the relevant literature. It was concluded that prevention of juvenile delinquency should be based on the acquisition of appropriate social values at home and in school, and not on fear of judicial retribution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Juvenile delinquency, adult criminality, and adult psychiatric treatment: an epidemiological study.

This report explores some associations among juvenile-delinquency, subsequent criminality, and subsequent psychiatric treatment. A sample of 255 males known to the juvenile court 25 years prior to the study is examined in terms of subsequent documented psychiatric treatment and/or criminal activity. Of the 255 former delinquents, 6% were known later to both criminal justice and psychiatric systems, 6% to psychiatric systems only, 28% to the criminal justice system only, and 60% to neither. Delinquents with later psychiatric histories were twice as likely to be known to the criminal justice system than were those without psychiatric histories. Those with adult psychiatric histories were also significantly younger at the time of their first delinquent offense and committed more juvenile offenses than the nonpsychiatric group. Only 2 of the 16 individuals later known to both systems were diagnosed sociopathic. The findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Enhancement of male juvenile delinquents' self-concepts through photographed social interactions.

This study was designed to identify juvenile delinquent boys who had low social self-concepts as measured by the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) and to enhance their self-concepts through a program of photographic feedback of successful social interactions. A total of 30 Ss engaged in social interactions each week for 5 weeks, during which time the interactions were photographed. Compared with the control group, Ss who received the weekly photographic feedback increased in Total Self-concept, Social Self-concept, Personal Self-concept, Identity, andSelf-satisfaction as measured by the subscales of the TSCS. The experimental group Ss also showed decreased Maladjustment on the TSCS, as compared with the control group. Compared with the experimental group, the control group showed a decrease on the Behavior subscale of the TSCS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A report of juvenile delinquency over a two year period in Benin City.

From April 1969 to March 1971, 535 juvenile offenders were arraigned before a juvenile court in Benin City, Nigeria. Of these 282 (52.71%) were males while the rest 253 (47.29%) were females. Their ages ranged between 6 and 17 years. The majority of offenders in the study were in the 12--16 year age group. The most common offences for which the offenders were arraigned were hawking, stealing and assault, in order of frequency of occurrence. While male offenders were more often encountered in stealing and assault, females featured more in hawking. The juvenile delinquency rate in the population is 53:10,000.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of the WISC and WISC-R in a juvenile delinquent population.

WISC and WISC-R subtest and IQ scores were compared in two samples of juveniles referred to a large metropolitan juvenile probation department (Ns = 180 and 185, respectively). The samples were equated for age, sex, race, and grade level. Significant differences were found on six of the 10 subtests. There were also significant differences between WISC and WISC-R scores on the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale scores. In each case the WISC-R score was lower than the WISC score with the exception of the Arithmetic subtest. We conclude from these data that juvenile delinquents score significantly lower on the WISC-R than on the WISC. Psychologists using the WISC-R where the WISC had been previously used should educate their referral sources and other users of scores from the WISC-R to the differences in the test scores between the WISC and WISC-R.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Psychiatric illness, maladjustment and juvenile delinquency: an ecological study in a London borough.

Patterns of adult psychiatric referral, of child guidance referral and of juvenile delinquency in a metropolitan borough were examined. The 3 sets of rates showed parallel trends among the 20 electoral wards of the borough, all 3 being similarly related to socio-demographic indices. A cluster analysis technique was used to combine the 450 enumeration districts of the borough into 22 clusters defined by social characteristics rather than by geographical boundaries. Ecological correlates of treated psychiatric disorder and of delinquency, based on these clusters, were found to be similar to those derived from the electoral ward data. The findings suggest that it may be possible to demarcate relatively small urban areas with high concentrations of psychiatric disorder, maladjustment and delinquency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Personality traits of 47,XYY and 47,XXY males found among juvenile delinquents.

The mental features of nine 47,XYY males and six 47,XXY males found among Japanese juvenile delinquents were examined. The results of intelligence tests suggested a slight impairment among 47,XYY and 47,XXY males. The psychiatric interviews and the psychological tests revealed that 47,XYY males had a high activity level while 47,XXY males had a low one. Analyses of the offense type and psychophysiological features supported these findings. As the activity level is considered to be largely determined genetically, the extra Y is suspected to be responsible for the high activity level and the extra X in males to be responsible for the low activity level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Prevention and control of child and juvenile delinquency and criminality. The home of the child and its parents].

The author: 1. Summarizes the finding to date governing the behaviour children's problems of delinquency and serious efforts that will be made to prevent and combat juvenile delinquency, to help the individual child who runs into difficulty by offending essential rule of the legal code. This can be done in institutions as it has been shown brillantly by Anglo-American psychiatric and psychoanalytic teachers. It is built up through the establishment of a good relationship which accepts and treats instead of resenting the child and his inevitable initial rebuffs. The greatest gain will come from psychiatric treatment of the casual breakdown. Nobody in the present culture is better prepared to give the better solution than an experienced psychiatrist. 2. Propose insight simplified organisation to prevent early brain injuries and early psychological trauma: the home of parents and child.

Adolescent↗