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Results for “Judicial Role”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Moving away from an emergency room mentality: an unorthodox view of the judicial role in violence prevention.

Discussions about the role of the judicial system in dealing with violence focus on cases of violent crime. While the criminal courts are an important component of any overall violence reduction strategy, the response is largely reactive rather than preventive. Family law cases, on the other hand, provide opportunities for the provision of prevention and early intervention services to families at risk. Such services are critical to successfully address the epidemic of violence.

Child↗

The judicial role in life-sustaining medical treatment decisions.

Although there has been speculation regarding the pervasiveness and nature of judicial decisions regarding life-sustaining medical treatment (LSMT), no attempt has been made to empirically assess their prevalence or the issues they address. An exploratory study utilizing a mail survey of a nationwide random sample (N = 905) of state trial court judges was conducted to provide initial information regarding this decision-making process. Twenty-two percent of the responding judges had heard at least one LSMT case, and judicial review did not appear endemic to particular states. The number of judges hearing LSMT cases dropped from 1975 to 1981 but has increased since then. Three major issues predominate: patient competency, appointment of a surrogate decisionmaker, and resolution of the ultimate issue of forgoing LSMT. Relatively few cases either contested a prior directive's validity or involved imposing sanctions for instituting or forgoing LSMT. Although subject to different interpretations, the results suggest the courts are having a significant impact on certain aspects of the LSMT decision-making process. However, the infrequency with which any one judge is called upon to make an LSMT decision causes concern about the judiciary's ability to respond in a timely and appropriate manner. With their potential for a profound effect on the actions of health care providers, greater attention to this decision-making process is warranted.

Judicial Role↗

Deference or deliberation: rethinking the judicial role in the allocation of healthcare resources.

The development of strategies by which healthcare resources are explicitly rationed has created significant challenges for many governments. In particular, those undertaking allocative decisions may struggle to establish sufficient legitimacy to enable them to make choices which are morally and politically controversial without generating distrust and resistance, which could jeopardise the effectiveness of the decision-making regime. This article considers possible means of addressing this difficulty from the perspective of public law. The mechanism which is currently favoured, most clearly seen in the UK, is to establish regulatory agencies which apply scientific and social-scientific methodologies to priority-setting questions. This has not been entirely successful. Accordingly, the article will propose a more developed role for courts, which can require that reasoned, relevant justifications for allocative choices are offered and thus provide a foundation for broad public deliberation on rationing. However, in order to fulfil such a function, the judiciary will need to modify its traditionally deferential stance on issues of this type. South African and Canadian cases illustrate how such a change may come about.

Health Care Rationing↗