[The management of teeth situated in the line of fracture in jaw fractures].
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Fracture Fixation↗
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[Alveolar fractures and jaw fractures--indications for silica wire bonded splints].
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Adult↗
Jaw fractures in the county of Stockholm (1978-1980). Jaw fractures in children and adolescents.
Jaw fractures are less frequent in children than in adults. Very few studies exclusively on jaw fractures in children have been reported. From an investigation earlier published about jaw fractures in the country of Stockholm during the years 1978, 1979 and 1980 the authors have selected all cases of jaw fractures in children and adolescents below the age of 20. One hundred and seventy-one patients were studied, 128 boys and 43 girls. The ratio between boys and girls was 3:1. The material was separated into 4 age groups: 0-5, 6-10, 11-15 and 16-20 years. Sixty percent of the fractures were found in the older age groups. The majority of the injuries (62%) occurred during the period May-September, mostly on Fridays and Saturdays, in the younger groups in day time, in the older group during the evening. Fractures due to falling and playing dominated in the younger age groups, but decreased with age. Even if all bicycle traffic accidents were excluded, this vehicle caused 31% of all play and sporting accidents. The relatively percentage of traffic accidents increased steadily from 17 to 42% in the age groups. In the oldest age group violence exceeded traffic as the dominating cause. Le Fort fractures were not found in the younger groups, were fractures of the mandibular condyle and maxillary alveolar process dominated. An erupted tooth in the fracture line was registered in 43% of the cases. Most patients received outpatient treatment.
Accidents↗
Jaw fractures in the County of Kopparberg and Stockholm 1979-1988. A retrospective comparative study of frequency and cause with special reference to assault.
The material comprised all 367 patients with fractured jaws treated at the Departments of Oral Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (216) and the Central Hospital in Falun (151) during 1979, 1982, 1985 and 1988. Manibular fractures predominated. There was no increase of the number of fractures in Stockholm and a slight decrease in Falun. In both districts the patients were predominantly men aged between 20 and 35. The most common cause of fractures in Stockholm was assault followed by traffic accidents. In Falun traffic accidents were most common, followed by assault. No increase in assaults was found. The study refutes the widespread impression of a steadily increasing incidence of cases of assault and an increasing frequency of aggravated assault.
Accidents, Traffic↗
Orthognathic surgery for occlusal reconstruction of old malunited jaw fracture.
Old malunited jaw fractures of nine patients who underwent orthognathic surgery for occlusal reconstruction were clinically evaluated. Early surgery on fractures of the jaw is the optimal treatment when due attention must be paid to occlusion. Since occlusal revision surgery subsequent to inaccurate diagnosis and inappropriate surgery is certainly very difficult and often unsuccessful, surgeons need to pay special attention to this situation.
Adult↗
Pediatric jaw fractures: indications for open reduction.
Jaw fractures in children are generally managed without major surgical intervention. Closed reduction usually is sufficient to restore normal anatomy and function. The one inviolate principle is early treatment. During the past three years, four pediatric jaw fractures that required open reduction were treated. This mode of treatment was necessitated by the limitations imposed by pediatric dental anatomy and by the type of fractures encountered. In at least 24 months of follow-up, no dental problems have been seen.
Child, Preschool↗
Incidence and aetiological pattern of jaw fractures in Greenland.
All of the cases involving fractures of the mandible and/or maxilla in Greenland were recorded in a 1 1/2 year period beginning 1 July 1981. Further information of aetiological patterns was added from 2 studies of mandibular fractures in Godthåb/Greenland. The incidence of jaw fractures in Greenland (17 to 10,000 per year) was the highest ever reported. In 90% of these cases, the cause of fractures were interpersonal violence. Jaw fractures were encountered in nearly all districts of Greenland, most often in urban areas and the patients were chiefly of Greenlandic descent. The % of patients in the age group of 20-29 years was extremely high (57%) as was the women (36%). 75% of the women were ill-treated by their spouses. In half of the cases, the victims and the assailants were related. Victims unknown to the assailants made up only 20% of the cases. These were trends typical of a small society. Compared to other reports, violence in Greenland was aggravated and involvement of alcohol was seen in 4 out of 5 cases. Regulation and deregulation of alcohol in Greenland had only temporary effects on the occurrence of jaw fractures. Aetiological patterns of jaw fractures changes from one subculture to another depending on social conditions. The figures from Greenland demonstrated this.
Accidents↗
[A survey of the changes of serum inorganic salts and alkaline phosphatase after jaw fractures].
OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of serum salts and alkaline phosphatase in patients with jaw fractures and its roles. METHODS: The serum salts and alkaline phosphatase were determined in 40 cases of jaw fracture and 14 health persons. RESULTS: The results showed that there was no significant difference in Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), Ca(2+) contents between jaw fracture group and normal group (P>0.05), but P(3-) Mg(2+), ALP levels were higher in jaw fracture group than that in normal group (P<0.05). Furthermore the Ca(2+), P(3-), Mg(2+), ALP were higher in multiple or communition fracture of jaw than in single or double line fracture (P<0.05) except Ca content. The level of Ca(2+) was higher in single jaw fracture than in jaw damage with whole body injury (P>0.05) but the levels of P(3-),Mg(2+), ALP were no difference (P>0.05). As the same all the Ca(2+), P(3-), Mg(2+), ALP levels were higher in early stage of fracture than in 4 weeks after fracture (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The contents of Ca(2+) P(3-), Mg(2+) ALP were increased after the axilla mandible were fractured and it has an important regulation role in the activity of osteoblast and osteoclast in healing of fractured jaw.
English Abstract↗
Jaw fractures in children.
From a total of 350 jaw fractures treated in 1980-1984 at Kuopio University Central Hospital, 20% were in children. These injuries were evaluated retrospectively regarding age, sex, incidence and etiology. Forty-five of the patients were boys and 25 girls. The frequency of maxillary and mandibular fractures in 70 young patients was 28.6%. The most common type of bone fractures was fracture of the alveolar process, which was prevalent in persons with mixed dentition. Before the age of 7 years, falls from height were the common causes of jaw fractures. The major cause of the jaw fractures in children from 7 to 15 years old was road accidents (47.1%), especially in boys. Most of these were cycling accidents, only a few patients were victims of automobile accidents. In addition, about one third (25.7%) of the patients were treated in the hospital because of multiple injuries to other organs.
Adolescent↗
Jaw fractures in the indigenous and non-indigenous populations of Western Australia: 1999-2003.
Little data exist on the analysis of jaw fractures in Australia, and none in Western Australia. This study was a retrospective analysis of all hospitalizations for jaw fractures in Western Australia between the years 1999-2000 and 2002-2003. The aims were to determine the incidence, distribution between males and females, different age groups, aboriginal and non-aboriginal groups, and rural and urban populations. The economic impact of jaw fracture hospitalizations was also determined. Males were more likely (80.4%) than females to be admitted for a jaw fracture. Fractures of the mandible were more common (61.9%) than maxillary fractures (38.1%). Aboriginal persons had nearly 10 times more hospitalization rate than that of non-aboriginal persons. Fracture rates were significantly (P<0.05) higher in rural (61.9 per 100,000) than in urban areas. Over the 4-year study period the total costs for all jaw fracture hospitalizations exceeded US$ 7.6 million. This study clearly indicates the burden of jaw fractures on the Western Australian population, in terms of physical and economic impact.
Adolescent↗
[A revised scheme for LeFort classification of upper jaw fractures].
OBJECTIVE: To put forward a revised scheme on LeFort classification for the upper jaw fractures. METHODS: 193 consecutive cases with the primary diagnoses of upper jaw fractures were involved in this study, for each one of which water's and CT scan were available to decide the fracture site and pattern. Data were filed in term of classification items as LeFort I, II and III fracture, as well as sagittal fracture and alveolar fracture. Statistical analysis was done to validate the meliorating thought on and revised scheme on LeFort classification. RESULTS: It was validated that of 185 cases with upper jaw fractures only 30.81% which presented single-line fracture and 34.06% which presented multiple-line fracture were covered with LeFort classification. Additional 13.51% with single-line fracture and 21.61% with multiple-line fracture could be included when LeFort classification was extended with increase of items of sagittal fracture and alveolar fracture. Further results revealed that among total 344 sites or fracture lines included in 193 cases, 81.10% could be diagnosed fracture pattern of LeFort classification. Of 65 fracture sites presenting LeFort III type, 92.31% were concomitant with LeFort II type or LeFort I and II type, very few being alone. CONCLUSIONS: A revised classification was proposeded that upper jaw fractures could be classified into four types as follows: (1) high horizontal fracture (corresponding to LeFort II and III type), (2) low horizontal fracture (corresponding to LeFort I type), (3) sagittal fracture (including midline and para-midline fracture) and (4) alveolar fracture.
Adolescent↗
Occlusal reconstruction: orthodontic techniques for treatment of jaw fracture.
AIM: Treatment by the multidisciplinary-team approach for jaw fractures, and the role of the orthodontist, are discussed and illustrated through case reports. METHODS: Two cases of jaw fractures treated with orthodontic techniques, as an alternative noninvasive procedure, are presented. One subject with a fresh mandibular fracture did not consent to surgery, despite a good indication for open reduction. The other subject had maljoined mandibular fractures from surgery, with insufficient occlusal consideration. CONCLUSION: Orthodontists, as well as oral surgeons, participate in every stage of the treatment of jaw fractures, including treatment decisions, in-patient management, dietary guidance, etc. Orthodontists also attend surgical operations to determine the most stable occlusion, making possible more detailed occlusal reconstruction.
Adult↗
Jaw fractures in the country of Stockholm (1978-1980). Injury dynamics--etiologic factors in relation to anatomic site of fracture.
This paper presents a retrospective review of jaw fractures sustained by 795 individuals in the county of Stockholm from 1978-80. The material comprised 904 mandibular and 249 maxillary fractures, a total of 1.153 fractures. The present part of the study concerns the relationship between etiologic factors and fracture location. Single fractures were noted in 43% of the mandibular fractures and in 4% of the maxillary fractures. The region most frequently fractured was the mandibular condyle (19% of all fractures). Violence was the etiologic in 42% of the total number of fractures and 47% of mandibular fractures. Compared to earlier reports, this seems to represent an increase over the last decades and probably reflects a general trend towards greater incidence of violence in society. Jaw fractures caused by traffic accidents accounted for 25% of all fractures and have decreased, probably as a result of the safety belt law of 1975 and better traffic security reforms. However, the severe Le Fort III fractures, combined with unconciousness and neurological injuries, are mainly the result of on traffic accidents. Falls accounted to 23% of the fractures, mostly localized to the mandible (81%).
Accidents↗
[Effect of teeth present in traumatized region or in fracture on the healing process in jaws fractures].
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Fractures, Bone↗
[Applied research of intermaxillary fixation screw in the jaw fracture].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and generalize the application of intermaxillary fixation screw in the jaw fracture. METHODS: 41 cases of jaw fracture have been treated with intermaxillary fixation screw. RESULTS: Both function and appearance have recuperated in 40 cases except 1 case has light malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS: Application of intermaxillary fixation screw advanced the traditional therapy.
Adolescent↗
Jaw fractures in Nigerian children: an analysis of 102 cases.
OBJECTIVES: To present the prevalence and pattern of jaw fractures in children aged 15 years and below attending two hospitals serving as referral centres for facial injuries in North Eastern Nigeria. DESIGN: Retrospective Cross Sectional Study. SETTINGS: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: One hundred and two patients with jaw fractures aged 15 years and below. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Aetiological factors and pattern of jaw fractufes in children aged 15 years and below. RESULTS: We retrospectively reviewed 102 patients with jaw fractures aged 15 years and below seen over a five year period at two referral centres in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. This constituted 9.5% of the total 1,074 cases of maxillofacial injuries managed during the period. The male to female ratio was 7.5:1 and there was a male responderance in all age groups. The main causes of fractures were road traffic accident (n = 55, 53.7%) followed by falls (n = 26, 25%). Other etiological factors such as fights, sports and gunshots accounted for the remaining cases. The mandible was the commonest site with the body commonly fractured (n = 74, 72.5%). No Le Fort III fractures were identified in this study. CONCLUSION: Despite some limitations to our data, such as exclusion of patients who attended private clinics and lack of modern diagnostic methods, this report shows that there is obvious need for concern about the high prevalence of maxillofacial injuries in children caused by road traffic accidents in North Eastern Nigeria.
Adolescent↗
[Clinical results of 46 patients with jaw fractures but delayed management].
46 cases with jaw fractures but delayed management were reviewed, the time, causes of delayed treatment and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. The delayed time to treatment was between 2 to 12 days. The causes of delay were multiple. All the patients underwent surgical treatment including open reduction and internal fixation. The results showed that 6 patients were treated 2 to 5 days after injury with primary healing. 31 patients were treated 5 to 10 days after injury, 27 were with primary healing. 9 patients were treated 10 to 12 days after injury with primary healing.
Adolescent↗