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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Serum fatty acids and fish intake in rural Japanese, urban Japanese, Japanese American and Caucasian American men.

To examine the relationship of fish intake with serum fatty acids cross-culturally, we surveyed a total of 136 men aged 34 to 55 years in four different populations: rural Japanese (RJ), urban Japanese (UJ), Japanese Americans (JA), and Caucasian Americans (CA). Mean levels of estimated total fish intake per day were 124.9 g in RJ, 70.8 g in UJ, 45.7 g in JA, and 32.3 g in CA. The percentage of total serum fatty acids contributed by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in these populations was 11.8% in RJ, 9.0% in UJ, 3.4% in JA and 2.5% in CA. Means of omega-3 fatty acids and intake of fish were correlated at the population level; this relationship was strongest when intake of dark-meat fish was considered (n = 4, r = 0.979, p = 0.02). Within each population, except for UJ, individual omega-3 fatty acid levels and dark-meat fish intake were significantly associated (p less than 0.05). A 20 g increase in dark-meat fish consumption was associated with an estimated relative increase in omega-3 fatty acid content of serum by 0.76% in RJ, 0.75% in UJ, 0.64% in JA, and 0.22% in CA. The association between fish intake and serum omega-3 fatty acids at the individual level was not explained by other coronary risk factors. Mortality from coronary heart disease is much lower in Japan than in the US. Population differences in fish intake and serum omega-3 fatty acid levels may contribute to the population difference in the risk of coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Do American born Japanese children still grow faster than native Japanese?

Growth patterns of Japanese schoolchildren in Hawaii, composed of 2,954 boys and 3,213 girls aged between 11 and 17, were compared with those comparable groups of Japanese schoolchildren in Japan based on the data published by the Japanese Ministry of Education. Growth characteristics studied were height, weight, and relative weight index, weight/(height). The Hawaii-Japanese boys were taller at early ages but the difference disappeared by age 16. Native Japanese girls were shorter than Hawaii-Japanese until age 13, but they overtook the latter by age 14, exceeding them in height after age 15. A similar pattern was found in weights of girls but the Hawaii-Japanese boys remained consistently heavier by 5.0 to 9.0 kg than native Japanese. The relative weight measure indicated that the Hawaii boys were more "obese" than native Japanese boys for the growth period studied; whereas the same tendency was maintained until age 15 in girls. These observations indicate a marked degree of convergence of the patterns of physical growth of the two populations, whose differences were unmistakably in favor of American born children in earlier studies. It is concluded that the convergence is due largely to the improved environmental conditions in Japan in recent years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Phylogenetic studies on some Japanese amphibia by means of immunoelectrophoresis. II. Relationships of some amphibians to Japanese pond frogs (author's transl)].

Since the Japanese pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata and R. brevipoda) are known to be very closely allied with each other in morphological, ecological, physiological or immunological characters, the phylogenetical relationships between the Japanese pond frogs and other 10 species of Japanese amphibians were investigated by means of immunoelectrophoretic analysis of liver extract. The results obtained are as follows: (1) There are conservative antigens which are commonly found in all species of Anura. (2) The Japanese pond frogs have specific antigens. (3) R. nigromaculata and R. brevidpoda are very closely allied with each other. (4) Four species of the genus Rana (R. rugosa, R. catesbeiana, R. ornativentris and R. japonica) are closely related to the Japanese pond frogs. (5) Two species of the genus Rhacophorus (Rh. arboreus and Rh. burergeri) are related to the Japanese pond frogs. (6) R. limnocharis is related to the Japanese pond frogs at the same extent as the genus Rhcophorus is. (7) Tow species of the suborder Procoela (Hyla arbored and Bufo bufo) are only partially related to the Japanese pond frogs. (8) Cynops pyrrhogaster pyrrhogaster of Urodera had only a few common antigens with the Japanese pond frogs.

Amphibians↗
PubMed1992

Comparative studies on thermoregulatory responses to heat between Japanese Brazilians and Japanese.

Eight male Japanese Brazilians (20-32 yrs) and 11 male Japanese (22-24 yrs) volunteered for this study. The Brazilians had been staying for about 2-21 weeks in Japan. Their physical characteristics are not significantly different from those of the Japanese. Each one of them sat on a chair for 45 min at 40 degrees C (R.H. 50%) in a climatic chamber. Then, they exercised using a bicycle ergometer in a semi-reclining position for 45 min at 40% of maximal oxygen uptake. Forearm blood flow (FBF), oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), skin temperature (Tsk), sweat rate (SR) at chest region and body weight loss (delta Wt) were measured. Thermal sensation and thermal comfort were also measured. Thermal and comfort sensation confirmed that Japanese Brazilians felt cooler and more comfortable in 40 degrees C environment than the Japanese. VO2, SR and delta Wt for both groups were not significantly different. FBF and HR for Brazilians were significantly lower than those for Japanese. Tsk at chest region for Brazilians was found to be significantly higher than that for Japanese. Thus the thermoregulatory responses observed in Japanese Brazilians may be largely attributed to the climate in their native places located on the Tropic of Capricorn.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Tree pollens and nasal allergy (XI). Relationship of age to the total IgE level, Japanese cedar RAST score, Japanese cedar-specific IgG antibodies and IgG subclass].

Japanese cedar pollinosis occurs most frequently in the twenties and thirties. To understand this phenomenon, total serum IgE, frequency of positive RAST reactions to Japanese cedar and Japanese cedar-specific IgG antibody were examined in serum samples from a general population consisted of 1,491 subjects and their age-related changes were investigated. The difference of mean value of total serum IgE was not significant between age groups. Positive RAST's to Japanese cedar were found in 13.9% of cases. The frequency of positive RAST reactions showed a peak in the twenties and decreased thereafter with aging. The amount of Japanese cedar-specific IgG antibodies was 244.7 +/- 373.2 GRU/ml (mean +/- S.D.) and there was no significant difference between males and females. There was no difference in the amount of specific IgG antibodies among the subjects giving RAST scores of 0-3, whereas those giving RAST scores of 4 had lower specific IgG antibodies. The amount of Japanese cedar-specific IgG antibodies increased from the fifties. Specific antibody of IgG1 subclass to Japanese cedar increased with age, whereas IgG4 antibody increased slightly without statistically significant difference. Based on the above result, we discussed why Japanese cedar pollinosis occurs most frequently in the twenties and thirties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comparative study of prostatic carcinoma bone metastasis among Japanese in Japan and Japanese Americans and whites in Hawaii.

Metastatic prostate carcinomas in autopsy cases from three populations 49 cases of indigenous Japanese, 29 cases of Japanese Americans and 14 from whites in Hawaii) were compared in terms of their clinicopathological, immunohistochemical (tenascin and ras p21) and lectin binding (Helix Pomatia antigen, HPA) properties. Only the clinicopathological features were analyzed in the cases of whites in Hawaii. The results indicate that poorly differentiated carcinoma is less common, whereas distant metastasis is more frequent, in indigenous Japanese. Some of the Japanese-American cases with poorly differentiated carcinomas did not show any distant metastases. HPA and ras p21 expression are more common, but tenascin is less common in indigenous Japanese. HPA expression is more common in cases with metastasis, especially with metastasis to the bone and other organs, than nonmetastatic cases. Prostatic cancer cases in indigenous Japanese were more aggressive biologically than those in Japanese Americans, but no phenotypic differences were seen relevant to the presence or absence of bone metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The association of drinking levels and drinking attitudes among Japanese in Japan and Japanese-Americans in Hawaii and California.

This study examined cross-cultural differences in drinking attitudes and drinking levels and their correlation among Japanese in Japan and Japanese-Americans in Hawaii or California. In most situations, an increase in drinking levels was associated with more tolerant drinking attitudes in all three groups. Abstainers were less likely to say that getting drunk is sometimes all right, whereas the reverse was true for heavier drinkers. Drinking levels among Japanese, especially among Japanese women, were not highly associated with how much drinking was perceived as acceptable in each situation, whereas among Japanese-Americans, drinking levels were highly associated with drinking attitudes. Although the Japanese had generally tolerant attitudes toward drinking, they indicated higher abstention rates before driving than Japanese-Americans regardless of their drinking levels. This may reflect the impact of public education on drunken driving in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Plasma IgA, IgG and IgM and their relationship to breast cancer in British, Japanese and Hawaiian-Japanese women.

The plasma levels of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM have been measured in 35 British, 44 Hawaiian-Japanese and 37 Japanese healthy adult women. Previous investigations showed that the mean levels of all three immunoglobulins were higher in Japanese than in British normal women. The present study finds that Hawaiian-Japanese women have "Japanese" levels of IgA, "British" levels of IgM and are intermediate for IgG. Thus, plasma IgM concentrations correlate with breast cancer incidence rates in the three racial groups and the reduced amounts of plasma IgM found in Japanese patients with breast cancer support this association.

Asian People↗
PubMed1990

Genetic or cultural determinants of drinking: a study of embarrassment at facial flushing among Japanese and Japanese-Americans.

Facial flushing after the ingestion of alcohol is common among Asians. Flushers are genetically less able to tolerate alcohol than nonflushers and are less likely to become alcoholics. This study examined whether lower consumption of alcohol among flushers was correlated with cultural factors such as embarrassment over flushing as well as with biological factors among Japanese in Japan and Japanese-Americans using data from a joint Japan-U.S. collaborative survey. Eight hundred forty-six Japanese and 737 Japanese-American current drinkers with known flushing status were studied. The mean alcohol intake differed significantly between groups: (1) habitat--Japanese versus Japanese-Americans, (2) flushing status--flushers versus nonflushers, and (3) embarrassment about flushing. Among men, ethnicity was the major determinant of alcohol consumption, followed by flushing status and embarrassment about flushing. Among women, differences were not significant. Lower alcohol consumption by flushers than by nonflushers has been attributed to differences in physiological reactions to alcohol. However, this study demonstrated that cultural factors such as embarrassment also contribute to lower alcohol consumption by flushers. The lack of interaction between habitat and flushing status and between habitat and embarrassment status suggests that flushing status and embarrassment status associated with drinking levels are independent of habitat.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Reference genomes of Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes viverrinus) and a Japanese red fox (Vulpes vulpes japonica).

We established primary fibroblast cultures from a Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes viverrinus) and a Japanese red fox (Vulpes vulpes japonica) and generated highly contiguous reference genome assemblies using Oxford Nanopore Technologies PromethION long-read sequencing. The Japanese raccoon dog assembly spanned 2.69 Gb in 813 scaffolds, with a scaffold N50 of 52 Mb and a Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) completeness score of 98.2%. The Japanese red fox assembly spanned 2.47 Gb in 903 scaffolds, with a scaffold N50 of 139 Mb and a BUSCO completeness score of 97.5%. Phylogenomic analysis placed the Japanese raccoon dog in a lineage distinct from the continental raccoon dog, supporting its evolutionary differentiation within Nyctereutes. The Japanese red fox formed a distinct lineage within the red fox clade, consistent with its recognized regional differentiation. These genome assemblies and associated fibroblast cultures provide resources for studies of canid systematics, population history, local adaptation, comparative genome evolution, and conservation genetics.

Canidae↗
PubMed1989

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in healthy Japanese individuals and Japanese families with Gaucher disease.

We analysed the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of 30 unrelated, healthy Japanese individuals and the members of seven Japanese families with Gaucher disease (5 Type I, 2 Type III) with the cDNA for human glucocerebrosidase, to investigate the frequency of the RFLP among healthy Japanese individuals and to determine the feasibility of the use of this probe DNA for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis in Japanese families with Gaucher disease. In the Pvu II polymorphism, the common allele reported by Sorge et al was the rare allele for healthy Japanese individuals. The frequency of the common allele (+) in Japanese was 0.75 and the rare allele (-) was 0.25. The RFLP study was informative for carrier detection in the family in which both parents were heterozygous for the Pvu II polymorphism. Even in the family in which only one parent was heterozygous, carrier detection was feasible by combining the clinical history and the RFLP, although prenatal diagnosis was not feasible. The Kpn I polymorphism was not detected. It is necessary for precise carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis to investigate other restriction endonucleases which reveal the RFLP.

DNA↗
PubMed1992

The effect of acculturation on drinking attitudes among Japanese in Japan and Japanese Americans in Hawaii and California.

Data from a joint Japan-U.S. collaborative study were examined to determine the relationship of acculturation to drinking attitudes among Japanese in Japan and Japanese Americans in Hawaii and California. Drinking attitudes (i.e., self-reported acceptable or appropriate levels of drinking) among ethnic groups differed significantly for the nine situations studied: (1) at a bar with friends, (2) at a party at someone else's house, (3) as a parent, spending time with small children, (4) during working hours, (5) visiting in-laws, (6) with friends at home, (7) with friends after work, (8) with people at sports events and (9) before driving a car. Factor analysis was used to determine the differences in drinking attitudes among these ethnic groups. Japanese and Japanese Americans differentiated drinking situations into different categories. The major difference between the two groups was that the Japanese associated spending time with small children with a situation appropriate for drinking, such as being with friends at home, whereas Japanese Americans associated spending time with small children with a situation inappropriate for drinking, such as before driving.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1992

Alcohol-related problems encountered by Japanese, Caucasians, and Japanese-Americans.

Using population-based survey data, personal-problematic and socioproblematic factors were examined among Japanese in Japan, Japanese-Americans in Hawaii, and Japanese-Americans; Caucasians in California were analyzed as a control group. Caucasian males were more likely to exhibit drinking-related social problems, whereas Japanese males showed more personal-problematic symptoms. Japanese-American men, both in Hawaii and California, were least likely among the three ethnic groups to have personal-problematic symptoms and were more likely to have socioproblematic symptoms than Japanese men. These differences might be explained by differences in the perception of social problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The super-elastic Japanese NiTi alloy wire for use in orthodontics. Part III. Studies on the Japanese NiTi alloy coil springs.

Closed and open Japanese nickel titanium (NiTi) alloy coil springs were fabricated from the Japanese NiTi alloy wire. The closed coil springs were subjected to a tensile test and the open coil springs were subjected to a compression test to evaluate the mechanical properties. At the same time, a test with the commercially available steel coil springs also was done. It was clearly established that the Japanese NiTi alloy coil springs exhibited superior springback and super-elastic properties similar to the properties of the Japanese NiTi alloy arch wires. In addition, it was shown that the load value of super-elastic activity can be effectively controlled by changing the diameter of the wire, the size of lumen, the martensite transformation temperature, and the pitch of the open coil spring. The most important characteristic of the Japanese NiTi alloy coil springs is the ability to exert a very long range of constant light, continuous force. It is possible to use this coil selectively to obtain optimal tooth movement.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of hip fracture incidence among native Japanese, Japanese Americans, and American Caucasians.

Hip fracture incidence rates among men and women of Japanese ancestry living on Oahu, Hawaii, from 1979 to 1981 were compared with rates for Japanese living on Okinawa, Japan, from 1984 to 1985. Both rates were further compared with those for various American Caucasian populations, including that of Rochester, Minnesota, from 1978 to 1982. Age-specific and cumulative (age 50-84 years) hip fracture rates among persons of Japanese ancestry were approximately half that of Caucasians for both sexes. Although diet and other cultural attributes of the Oahu group have become more westernized than the Okinawan population, there were no detectable differences in hip fracture rates between Oahu and Okinawa Japanese. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the observed differences in fracture rates between Caucasians and Japanese might be related to differences in bone mass, body size, frequency of falls, or other factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

McGurk effect in non-English listeners: few visual effects for Japanese subjects hearing Japanese syllables of high auditory intelligibility.

The McGurk effect is a phenomenon that demonstrates a perceptual fusion between auditory and visual (lip-read) information in speech perception under the condition of audio-visual discrepancy, created by dubbed video tapes. This paper investigated whether or not the McGurk effect could be extended to Japanese subjects listening to Japanese syllables of different auditory intelligibility. The audio and video signal of a female talker's speech for ten Japanese syllables (/ba/, /pa/, /ma/, /wa/, /da/, /ta/, /na/, /ra/, /ga/, /ka/) was combined on videotapes, giving 100 audio-visual stimuli. These stimuli were presented to ten Japanese subjects who were required to identify the stimuli as heard speech in both noise-added and noise-free conditions. For both conditions, the intelligibility of the auditory stimuli was measured, by presenting the audio-alone stimuli. The results showed that, in the noise-free condition, the McGurk effect was small and almost limited to auditory stimuli of which the intelligibility was less than 100%. In the noise-added condition, the McGurk effect was very strong and widespread. These results indicate that the "Japanese McGurk effect" is less easily induced than the English one, and that it depends on the auditory intelligibility of the speech signal.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Molecular-genetic study of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies: deletion analyses of 45 Japanese patients and segregation analyses in their families with RFLPs based on the data from normal Japanese females.

This study consisted of 1) molecular deletion analyses in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) using the entire cDNA for the DMD gene as hybridization probes, 2) RFLP analyses in a large number of Japanese normal women using 11 DMD-linked cloned DNAs as probes, and 3) segregation analyses with these RFLP data in 17 DMD families in which prenatal or carrier diagnosis was required. The deletion study showed that 18 (43%) of 42 male DMD patients had a deletion within the DMD gene, while no detectable deletion was found in 3 BMD patients. These deletions were preferentially observed at the 5' end of the DMD gene, while no deletion was found in the 3' portion of the gene. Of a total of 15 RFLPs detected with the 11 probes, one was a new RFLP (probe/enzyme: P20/MspI). In 6 RFLPs, the allele frequencies in the Japanese were statistically different from those in the Caucasian. Based on the RFLP data combined with the result of the deletion study, an estimated diagnostic rate for prenatal diagnosis and/or carrier detection in the Japanese DMD families was 63%. The real diagnostic rate obtained from the prenatal and carrier diagnoses, which were practically performed in 17 families, corresponded to the estimation. A protocol useful for the diagnosis in Japanese DMD families is presented.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1992

Dysplastic nevus syndrome among Japanese. A case study and review of the Japanese literature.

Three Japanese families with dysplastic nevus syndrome (DNS) are reported. Each family had at least two members with multiple dysplastic nevi (DN). Family members with DN or multiple moles had paler skin than average Japanese, usually sunburned, and tanned less than average, whereas members with darker skin almost never had DN. Each of two families had one cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) patient associated with multiple DN. Both CMMs were on the leg. In Japanese DNS, skin color and sun sensitivity seem to be closely related to DN. The locations of CMMs associated with DNS were unique: No CMMs were found on acral areas where they most frequently occur in Japanese.

Adult↗