Ixodes (Ixodes) pararicinus, n. sp. (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a South American cattle tick long confused with Ixodes ricinus.
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With BSK II medium, 4 strains of Borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from Ixodes granulatus Supino, Rattus confucianus and R, novregicus, which Ixodes and Ruttus all captured from forest areas in northern of Fujian province where have found Lyme cases. These isolated strains were identified by Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine.
As a contribution to the Ixodes-fauna of Germany the occurrence I. canisuga is described from a hunting dog near Aschaffenburg and from kennel dogs in Herford. With regard to the morphology of the areae porosae an aberrant specimen of this tick species is illustrated by scanning electron microscopy.
Previous reports from the literature have indicated the northernmost range of extension of Ixodes minor Neumann to be southern Georgia with the greatest number of collections having been made in the coastal regions of that state. An unpublished record in the U.S. National Tick Collection indicated that I. minor had been collected as far north as South Island, Georgetown County, S.C., as early as 1933. I. minor was collected on three separate occasions in Charleston County, S.C., between October 1990 and February 1991, thus verifying the northern extension of this tick's range and the probable existence of a stable population on the coast of South Carolina. The roof rat (Rattus rattus) is reported for the first time serving as a host for I. minor.
Spirochete strains HP3 and HO14, isolated from Ixodes persulcatus and I. ovatus in Hokkaido in 1989, were the first isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, to be recognized in Japan. Antigenic properties of the Japanese strains were compared with those of the strains isolated in the United States (B31 and 297) and Europe (IRS, P/Gau, P/Bi, 2/B45, and 3/B56) by Western blotting (immunoblotting), by using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against strains B31 and P/Bi. The Japanese strains reacted with MAb U40 against the 41-kDa antigen. MAb E34a31 against Osp A reacted with all the strains tested except for strain HP3. Furthermore, MAb U31b against Osp A reacted with all the American and European strains but did not react with the Japanese strains. When MAbs against Osp B were used, MAb E34b reacted only with European strains and MAb U34b reacted only with the American strains. However, neither showed reactivity to two Japanese strains. MAb E60 against 60-kDa antigen reacted with all the U.S. and European strains and strain HP3 but did not react with Japanese strain HO14. These results indicate that the antigenicity of the Japanese strains isolated from two species of ixodid ticks is different from that of the strains isolated in the United States and Europe. It is suggested that the Japanese strains are much more suitable than the U.S. or European strains as the antigen source for the serodiagnosis of Lyme disease in Japan.
The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi was detected in the adult stage of the ixodid ticks Ixodes persulcatus and I. ovatus collected in various localities in Japan. The total prevalence values were 16.6% of 777 I. persulcatus and 23.6% of 687 I. ovatus. Sixty-two (63.9%) of 97 isolates from I. persulcatus contained the 30-34-kD heterogeneous outer surface protein A (OspA) that reacted with monoclonal antibody H5332. In contrast, all 128 isolates from I. ovatus were homogeneous with regard to the type of 30-kD OspA protein, and were different from the I. persulcatus isolates in their protein composition. These data suggest that the transmission cycle of B. burgdorferi in I. ovatus is not related to that in I. persulcatus. No cases of Lyme disease transmitted by I. ovatus have been confirmed in Japan, in spite of the abundance of human tick bites by this species. Accordingly, the spirochetes of I. ovatus are thought to be a variant of B. burgdorferi with low virulence.
Two strains of Ixodes spirochetes, one isolated in the United States (B31) and the other in Sweden (G25), were examined by electron microscopy. Cells of strain G25 were 11-25 micron long with a wavelength of 2.1-2.4 micron and an amplitude of 0.4 micron. Eleven flagella were inserted subterminally at each end of the cell. Cells of strain B31 were similar but had eleven or seven flagella. Cytoplasmic tubules were not seen in cells of either strain. Although not identical, both strains showed ultrastructural details characteristic of the genus Borrelia.
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A partly fed female of I. festai was collected from Turdus merula L. caught in Hel Peninsula (Southern Coast of Baltic Sea). This species (known only as females) is a parasite of birds, and inhabits western part of the Mediterranean area. I. festai is a second species after Hyalomma marginatum which probably every spring is transferred by migratory bird into territory of Poland. This finding is the first recorded case of transfer of I. festai to Poland, therefore the description of female is given.
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