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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Does a gradually decreasing menstrual blood loss (MBL) in women wearing a Cu-IUD indicate a risk for an accidental pregnancy?

In three separate series, comprising 71 women using either a Gravigard, a Nova-T or a Multiload contraceptive device, the menstrual blood loss (MBL) was quantitatively assessed before and after insertion of each respective IUD. In three women, an involuntary pregnancy was registered with the IUD in situ. In these three women a successively diminishing MBL was registered during the last 3 months before conception, while none of the remaining women included in the series experienced any accidental pregnancy or any reduction of the MBL. Thus, this report emphasizes the potential risk for an accidental pregnancy in women wearing a Cu-IUD if successively diminishing MBLs are observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Copper IUDs, PID, and fertility in nulliparous women.

Some authors have suggested that use of IUDs (intrauterine contraceptive devices) in nulliparous women should be contraindicated because of the risk for PID (pelvic inflammatory disease); others have found nulliparous women to be suitable candidates for IUD use. Clinical studies of copper IUDs in which parous and nulliparous women have been compared with regard to risk of PID often point to young age as a risk factor, regardless of parity. Vital statistics of PID rates also show this trend. An overall PID rate of 1.49/100 woman-years (WY) was calculated from data contained in 28 of the clinical studies reviewed in this paper. These studies included 25,674 women, of whom 42.5% were nulliparous. Studies of fertility following use of copper IUDs indicate that fertility is not impaired by their use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

IUD compared with oral contraception in nulliparae.

172 nulliparae attending a Swedish family planning clinic were studied. Doctors and midwives with various experiences gave the contraceptive method. Continuation rate at 12 months was 58 per cent for IUD and 86 per cent for OC. The expulsion rate in the IUD group was 11 per cent and in 30 per cent of IUD users the device was removed because of adverse effects. 10 per cent of the IUD group and 5 per cent of the OC group discontinued their method without introducing another one, thereby risking an unwanted pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Management of uterine adhesions with 'Massouras Duck's Foot' and 'Butterfly' IUDs.

The Massouras Duck's Foot (MDF) IUD and the Butterfly IUD have been clinically evaluated. The MDF, which is Y-shaped, has 2 or 3 horizontal arms on a vertical stem and 2 triangular wings, in between the 'V'. When inserted after curettage, it prevents intrauterine or intracervical adhesions. The fan-shaped Butterfly IUD has 2 overlapping wings, thereby facilitating adjustment of the IUD to variable uterine cavities. Its wing span occupies the entire uterine cavity when inserted according to the instructions. Both IUDs are made of polyethylene plastic with barium sulfate. Several substitutions for barium sulfate are suggested, e.g., copper, silver, hormones, biodegradable polymers. The high antifertility action of these IUDs is due primarily to their occupancy of the entire uterine cavity.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

Intrauterine devices.

Approximately 60 million women use the intrauterine device (IUD) worldwide; however, owing primarily to nonmedical reasons, the IUD is far less popular in the United States. Although the contraceptive mechanism of action is unknown, it appears that spermicidal activity may be important. Overall, the efficacy of the copper devices is quite good, such that the overall lifespan can probably be extended. Possible pelvic infection remains the greatest potential risk, although in properly selected women the risk is quite low. Use of prophylactic antibiotics at the time of insertion may offer additional protection against this risk. Although IUD users may have more nonspecific vaginal inflammation than do other women, the clinical significance is probably limited. Further, users do not appear to have elevated risks for cervical infections. Although menometrorrhagia persists as a potential problem, the mechanism for such bleeding is not well understood. Finally, the retroflexed uterine position does not appear to increase the risk of abnormal outcomes.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Morphological characteristics of incrustates of intrauterine contraceptive devices.

The morphology of incrustates formed on intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) is described. It is demonstrated that due to manufacturing technology some IUDs have long, parallel excavations serving as sites for incrustate formation. A regional difference of incrustation on the different parts of IUD has also been observed. Electron microscopy was carried out in tissue fragments attached to removed IUDs. Alterations correspond to acute or chronic inflammation. Incrustate on the surface of IUD appears to have a primary role in induction of the process.

Calcium Carbonate↗