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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Hostility and irritable mood in panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Twenty patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia were administered the hostility subscale of Kellner's Symptom Questionnaire and the irritability scales of Paykel's Clinical Interview for Depression and of Kellner's Anxiety Rating Scale before and after behavioral treatment of agoraphobia. A matched control group of normal subjects had the same assessments at two similar points in time. Hostility and irritable mood decreased and friendliness increased in patients with panic disorder after treatment; upon recovery, there were no significant differences in hostility between patients and controls, whereas such differences were striking during the illness. The results suggest that increased hostility and irritable mood may be symptoms of panic disorder and improve with the treatment of agoraphobia.

Agoraphobia↗
PubMed1993

Neuropsychiatric effects of anabolic steroids in male normal volunteers.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acute effects of anabolic steroids on mood and behavior in male normal volunteers. DESIGN: A 2-week, double-blind (subject and rater), fixed-order, placebo-controlled crossover trial of methyltestosterone. SETTING: An inpatient research unit at the National Institutes of Health. SUBJECTS: A volunteer sample of 20 men who were medication free, free of medical and psychiatric illness, not involved in athletic training, and had no prior history of anabolic steroid use. INTERVENTION: A sequential trial for 3 days each of the following four drug conditions: placebo baseline, low-dose methyltestosterone (40 mg/d), high-dose methyltestosterone (240 mg/d), and placebo withdrawal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mood and behavioral ratings were completed during each drug condition and included both subjective and objective measures. RESULTS: Significant (P < .05) albeit subtle increases in symptom scores were observed during high-dose methyltestosterone administration compared with baseline in positive mood (euphoria, energy, and sexual arousal), negative mood (irritability, mood swings, violent feelings, and hostility), and cognitive impairment (distractibility, forgetfulness, and confusion). An acute manic episode was observed in one of the 20 subjects, representing a 5% incidence, even under these conservative conditions. An additional subject became hypomanic. Baseline characteristics including family psychiatric history or previous drug abuse did not predict symptom changes. CONCLUSION: This is the first placebo-controlled prospective study demonstrating the adverse and activating mood and behavioral effects of anabolic steroids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Irritability: definition, assessment and associated factors.

The heading of 'Irritable Mood' was introduced into the Index Medicus in 1985 and it is noted that this term is frequently used but seldom defined. It is therefore important that a consensus is reached concerning its definition in the context of psychopathology and a definition is offered. It seems important to distinguish irritable mood and its outward manifestations from violently assaultive behaviour although there may be a continuum of disturbance from mildly to severely disordered behaviour. Irritability has so far not attracted much attention from clinicians and yet it is a common mood associated with many psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions. Severe irritability may cause considerable distress both to the patient, his associates and sometimes also those attempting to treat or otherwise help him. It may overshadow other symptoms and the correct diagnosis and management may be missed. The validity and reliability of a convenient self-assessment scale is re-examined in the light of further data. Data from previous studies in the context of mood disorders suggests that irritability is a mood state which is independent of the other major moods of depression and anxiety; the severity of irritability probably has an inverse correlation with age. The most important associated factors are listed in order to inform researchers of the possible methodological pitfalls.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prevalene of perimenstrual symptoms.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of perimenstrual symptoms (PMS) in a free-living population of US women and to determine if prevalence estimates varied with parity, contraceptive status, characteristics of the menstrual cycle, and selected demographic variables. We identified all households from a census listing for five southeastern city neighborhoods that offered variation in racial composition and socioeconomic status. We ascertained all households in which there was one nonpregnant woman between the ages of 18 and 35 years per household. Of the 241 eligible women, 179 (74 per cent) participated in the study. Trained interviewers administered the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) and other demographic measures to women between March and July 1979. Symptoms with a prevalence greater than 30 per cent included weight gain, headache, skin disorders, cramps, anxiety, backache, fatigue, painful breasts, irritability, mood swings, depression, or tension. Only 2 to 8 per cent of women found most of these severe or disabling. The exceptions were severe cramps reported by 17 per cent of women and severe premenstrual and menstrual irritability by 12 per cent. Cramps, backaches, fatigue, and tension were most prevalent during the menstruum; weight gain, skin disorders, painful breasts, swelling, irritability, mood swings, and depression were more prevalent in the premenstruum. Parity, oral contraceptive use, age, employment, education, and income were negatively associated with selected PMS. Use of an IUD, having long menstrual cycles, long menstrual flow, or heavy menstrual flow, and being able to predict the next period were positively associated with selected PMS. Race had both positive and negative effects on PMS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Paroxetine as a treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Research into the psychobiology of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD) finds alterations in markers associated with serotonergic neurotransmission. Supporting this is work showing that patients with PDD respond to some agents that block the reuptake of serotonin. In this open trial, patients were treated for one cycle with placebo and then for three consecutive cycles with the serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine. The study population was composed of 14 participants who met DSM-IV criteria for PDD with moderate to severe symptomatology and specifically endorsed anger and irritability as a central premenstrual complaint. Patients showed modest improvement over the course of the pretreatment evaluation, with significant improvement occurring for feelings of worthlessness, decreased interest, and low energy. The effects of active treatment were marked by the first active cycle with luteal phase 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores decreasing from 14.9 (+/- 5.3) to 8.2 (+/- 4.9) in the first, 7.8 (+/- 5.1) in the second, and 7.8 (+/- 6.8) in the third active treatment cycles (F[1,13] = 17.6; p < 0.0001). A group of items from daily ratings indicative of anger and irritability (mood swings, anger and irritability, behavioral dyscontrol, and interpersonal conflicts) also showed improvement (F[1,13] = 5.94; p < 0.03). Various definitions of response were applied to treatment completers. The most conservative measure, the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), revealed that 7 of 14 patients had a complete response (CGI = 1 or 2) whereas 4 patients had a partial response (CGI = 3). These open trial findings are consistent with the notion that paroxetine is effective in the acute phase for the treatment of PDD.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Influence of dinner music on food intake and symptoms common in dementia.

The influence of dinner music on food intake and symptoms common in dementia such as depressed mood, irritability and restlessness was studied. The study was carried out in a nursing-home ward in Sweden. Soothing music was played as dinner music for weeks, Swedish tunes form the 1920s and 1930s for two weeks and pop music for two weeks. Prior to these periods, there was one week without music, and at the end of the intervention there was a two-week control period. The effects of the intervention were assessed by psychological ratings and by weighing the food helpings. It was found that during all three music periods the patients ate more in total. The difference was particularly significant for the dessert. The staff were thought to be influenced by the music, as they served the patients more food, both main course and dessert, whenever music was played. The patients were less irritable, anxious and depressed during the music periods. The results of the study suggest that dinner music, particularly soothing music, can reduce irritability, fear-panic and depressed mood and can stimulate demented patients in a nursing-home ward into eating more.

Affect↗
PubMed1995

Acute tryptophan depletion and increased food intake and irritability in bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: Data suggest that serotonin activity is reduced in women at normal weight who have bulimia nervosa. The authors tested whether acute perturbations in serotonin activity could alter short-term eating behavior and mood. METHOD: They examined the effect of acute tryptophan depletion in 10 women with and 10 women without bulimia nervosa. RESULTS: Women with bulimia nervosa exhibited an increase in caloric intake and mood irritability after acute tryptophan depletion. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that women with bulimia nervosa have an exaggerated or pathological response to transient alterations in serotonin activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Psychosomatic assessment of hirsute women.

Psychiatric illness, psychological distress and illness behavior were investigated in 30 hirsute women and 30 nonhirsute healthy control subjects matched for sociodemographic variables. The majority of patients showed a good psychological adaptation to illness: they did not report significantly more anxiety, depression, and abnormal illness behavior than controls. One-sixth of the patients, however, suffered from a clinically meaningful affective disorder. Further, hirsute patients displayed significantly more hostility and irritable mood than controls (p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Suicidal ideas during premenstrual phase.

The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of suicidal ideas and death wish among 296 women from urban, rural, industrial and college populations. Suicidal ideas and/or death wish during premenstrual period were reported by 30 (10%) subjects, more so among college students and industrial working women and less among housewives. Premenstrual symptoms, like depression, irritability, mood swings, sense of losing control and water retention, were significantly more often reported by women who had suicidal ideas as compared with women without suicidal ideas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Mania following head trauma.

The authors present psychiatric and neurologic data on 20 patients who developed mania after closed head trauma. An association was seen between severity of head trauma (based on length of posttraumatic amnesia), posttraumatic seizure disorder, and type of bipolar disorder. The manic episodes were characterized by irritable mood rather than euphoria and by assaultiveness. Psychosis occurred in only 15% of the sample, and 70% had no depressive episodes. Bipolar disorders were absent among 85 first-degree relatives. The authors suggest that posttraumatic seizures may be a predisposing factor in posttraumatic mania.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Recognition and management of dysthymic disorder.

Dysthymic disorder, a chronic disturbance of mood, manifests as depressed mood for most of the day, more days than not, for at least two years. In children, dysthymia may present as irritable mood, and a duration of symptoms of only one year is required to make the diagnosis. By definition, there is no history of a major depressive disorder. Associated symptoms include poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, low energy, low self-esteem and feelings of hopelessness. Because of the chronic nature of this disorder, treatment requires an understanding approach and continuity of care.

Counseling↗
PubMed1986

Current concepts in clinical therapeutics: major affective disorders, Part 1.

The epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical features, and treatment of unipolar (depressive) and bipolar (manic-depressive) affective disorders are described. Disturbances of mood are the most common psychiatric disorders in adults, with 18-23% of women and 8-11% of men having at least one major depressive episode. Genetic factors are important in both depression and manic-depressive illness. Depression is characterized by a persistent dysphoric mood accompanied by feelings of sadness or hopelessness nearly every day for at least two weeks. The essential feature of a manic episode is an elevated, expansive, or irritable mood associated with symptoms such as hyperactivity and lack of judgment. Treatment involves nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions. Psychotherapy in patients with depression is most useful in improving social functions, while antidepressant drugs reduce relapse rates. Electroconvulsive therapy is indicated in depressed patients at immediate risk of suicide or extreme incapacitation. Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine, doxepin, notriptyline, desipramine, trimipramine), second-generation antidepressants (maprotiline, amoxapine, trazodone, bupropion), monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (phenelzine, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, pargyline), and lithium are useful in treating patients with affective disorders. Tricyclic agents are the mainstay of treatment for depression; newer second-generation agents should be used in specific subgroups of patients. Lithium is the drug of choice for prophylaxis in bipolar patients, whereas combinations of lithium and tricyclic agents are useful during acute episodes of depression in bipolar patients. Major affective disorders occur commonly and require a careful balance of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for proper therapy.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1996

Mania due to general medical conditions: frequency, treatment, and cost.

OBJECTIVE: Mania due to general medicine conditions may occur in patients in a variety of settings. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of patients admitted to an adult psychiatric service over a nine-year period (Jan. 1985 to Dec. 1993). Patients were diagnosed with Organic Affective Syndrome (ICD-9 code 293.83) in 241 episodes (N = 227 patients). There were forty-seven manic or mixed episodes in forty patients (0.72% of all admissions). RESULTS: When DSM-IV criteria for Mood Disorder due to a General Medical Condition manic or mixed type (MDGMC) was applied, we found twenty-five patients with twenty-seven episodes (N = 30 treatment trials). Irritable mood predominated in twenty-seven (90%) of the thirty trials. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment included anticonvulsants in 63 percent, neuroleptics 63 percent, and lithium 40 percent. Favorable responses to anticonvulsants were seen; however combination therapy was used more frequently. Further research in this area is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Psychopathological concepts of dysphoria.

Dysphoric conditions are increasingly postulated as representing independent mood disorders. However, despite much effort at clarification, their psychopathological definitions remain unclear and variable. This paper reviews some examples of these divergent definitions, most of which are based on quality of mood, as well as responsiveness to external stimuli. The paper then introduces a strategy in possible solution of the above-mentioned definition problems. Setting out from restriction of the term dysphoria to conditions of a morose, tense and irritated mood, as suggested by Snaith and Taylor, we support the opinion that dysphoria should be accepted as a third possibility of mood swing, as a psychopathological disturbance which can be well distinguished from stable and unstable mixed states.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1988

Food craving, mood and the menstrual cycle.

Seventy-six women, with a mean age of 35.7 years, who reported premenstrual craving for sweet foods in a retrospective questionnaire, were assessed prospectively with a pre- and post-menstrual eating questionnaire and daily ratings of craving, mood, irritability and breast tenderness over two menstrual cycles. In 72% of these women a perimenstrual pattern of food craving was confirmed. In 13% this craving was confined to the menstrual phase. There was no consistent association between food craving and mood change, either in timing or severity. Women with more severe mood change did not report more severe craving. There was also no association between food craving and cyclical breast tenderness. Perimenstrual food craving, therefore, appears to be a cyclical phenomenon in its own right, of uncertain aetiology and worthy of further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Multidimensional psychometric assessment of preoperative mood. Effects of zolpidem compared to phenobarbital combined with promethazine as premedication].

The following double-blind, randomised study dealt with three questions: (1) Is a multidimensional psychometric rating scale suitable for the measurement of mood before anaesthesia? (2) What are the effects of the new benzodiazepine-like drug zolpidem on preoperative mood compared with phenobarbital? (3) Is the combination with Promethazine suggestive? METHODS. Three hundred and four patients were assigned to four groups (group 1: zolpidem 8.03 mg/promethazine 50 mg; group 2: zolpidem 8.03 mg/placebo; group 3: phenobarbital 100 mg/promethazine 50 mg; group 4: phenobarbital 100 mg/placebo). The drugs were given the evening before anaesthesia (09:30-10:00 p.m.). The sample was shifted by age and sex. Mood was measured by a multidimensional rating scale, which assessed aspects of elated mood, anxiety, hostility, deactivation, vigilance, and introversion. Statistics were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS. Zolpidem led to significantly higher expressions of hostility (negative mood, irritability, aggressiveness) than phenobarbital. Compared with placebo, promethazine led to greater deactivation (more tiredness and numbness, lower level of wakefulness). Specific emotions and somatic aspects were not affected. Patients who had received promethazine received a lower dose of thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia than patients with placebo. CONCLUSIONS. Zolpidem and phenobarbital have many common effects on preoperative mood. Differences were found in the unspecific emotional aspects of agitation and hostility. These negative effects must be weighed against the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages of zolpidem when this drug is administered for premedication. The effects of zolpidem seem to be more sedative than anxiolytic. The study shows that a combination with promethazine is suggestive, because promethazine has a selective deactivating effect. The finding that promethazine lowers the dose of thiopentone required for induction of anaesthesia is an additional interesting point. The results of this study highlight the importance of using multidimensional rating scales for the measurement of mood before anaesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Clinical outcome and emotional-behavioural status after isolated coronary surgery.

In order to evaluate clinical and psychosocial results of isolated coronary artery by-pass graft (CABG) we studied 626 consecutive patients, mean age 61 +/- 8 years (86% men), in a follow-up (median: 58 months) with a complete questionnaire about cardiosurgical problems (post-operative vital status, angina relapse, infarction, heart failure, PTCA, redo, PM) and psychosocial variables (mood, irritableness, job satisfaction, hobby satisfaction, family relations, sexual activity, general well-being and work status). Global evaluation improvement of psychosocial variables was found in 71% of patients without cardiac events (group A) and 11% of patients with cardiac events (group B); worsening was found in 2% of group A and 1% of group B; no referred variations in 13% and 2% respectively (p < or = 0.05. Interests (in work, hobbies and sexual activities) demonstrate an improvement in 20% (group A) and 2% (group B); worsening in 12% (group A) and 4% (group B); no variations in 51% (group A) and 11% (group B) (p < or = 0.005). Patients reported a well-being evaluation improvement about 66% in the group returning to work without restriction, 13% in those with limitation, 6% no further working; worse or unchanged well-being evaluation was found in 9% of patients returning to work without restriction, 3% with limitation, 3% no further working (p < or = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Presentation of acute psychosis in an Egyptian sample: a transcultural comparison.

The symptomatological and diagnostic differentiations and outcome of acute psychosis were studied in 50 Egyptian patients using the Schedule of Clinical Assessment of Acute Psychotic States (SCAAPS). The prevailing symptoms were delusions, worry, irritability, mood changes, and disturbed behavior. Sixty-four percent of the patients were symptom-free at 1-year follow-up assessment. Various factors that affect clinical and social outcome were discussed. The problem of diagnostic terms was also studied comparing SCAAPS terms with those of DSM-III-R and ICD-10. The most frequent diagnosis was psychogenic psychosis or brief reactive psychosis corresponding to the previously mentioned first and second systems, respectively. The inclusion of acute and transient polymorphic psychotic disorders with or without stress in ICD-10 will encompass those clinical syndromes in different cultures. A comparative study with a matched Indian sample was also conducted, the results of which are discussed in detail.

Adolescent↗