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Results for “Iris Diseases”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Iris atrophy in sickle cell disease.

Iris atrophy, of unknown origin and believed to be secondary to the vaso-occlusive process of sickle cell disease, has been observed in 25 eyes of 22 patients (two SS disease, 20 SC disease). The crude prevalence was highest in males with SC disease, in whom 14.7% of patients were affected. Iris atrophy was closely associated with proliferative sickle retinopathy in the same eye. Analysis of haematological indices failed to reveal any significant differences between patients with and without iris atrophy. The characteristics and distribution of iris atrophy are described as well as the histopathology in one 68-year-old male patient with SS disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Genetic context determines susceptibility to intraocular pressure elevation in a mouse pigmentary glaucoma.

BACKGROUND: DBA/2J (D2) mice develop an age-related form of glaucoma. Their eyes progressively develop iris pigment dispersion and iris atrophy followed by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Mutant alleles of the Gpnmb and Tyrp1 genes are necessary for the iris disease, but it is unknown whether alleles of other D2 gene(s) are necessary for the distinct later stages of disease. We initiated a study of congenic strains to further define the genetic requirements and disease mechanisms of the D2 glaucoma. RESULTS: To further understand D2 glaucoma, we created congenic strains of mice on the C57BL/6J (B6) genetic background. B6 double-congenic mice carrying D2-derived Gpnmb and Tyrp1 mutations develop a D2-like iris disease. B6 single-congenics with only the Gpnmb and Tyrp1 mutations develop milder forms of iris disease. Genetic epistasis experiments introducing a B6 tyrosinase mutation into the congenic strains demonstrated that both the single and double-congenic iris diseases are rescued by interruption of melanin synthesis. Importantly, our experiments analyzing mice at ages up to 27 months indicate that the B6 double-congenic mice are much less prone to IOP elevation and glaucoma than are D2 mice. CONCLUSION: As demonstrated here, the Gpnmb and Tyrp1 iris phenotypes are both individually dependent on tyrosinase function. These results support involvement of abnormal melanosomal events in the diseases caused by each gene. In the context of the inbred D2 mouse strain, the glaucoma phenotype is clearly influenced by more genes than just Gpnmb and Tyrp1. Despite the outward similarity of pigment-dispersing iris disease between D2 and the B6 double-congenic mice, the congenic mice are much less susceptible to developing high IOP and glaucoma. These new congenic strains provide a valuable new resource for further studying the genetic and mechanistic complexity of this form of glaucoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The association of iris color with eye disease in diabetes.

Iris (eye) color was examined for its effect on eye disease in a population-based study of diabetic retinopathy in Wisconsin. Eye color was determined by comparing the iris in a red reflex photograph with standard photographs. In younger-onset diabetic persons (N = 996), macular edema was more prevalent in persons with blue or grey eyes (12%) compared with intermediate (9%) or brown (6%) (P = 0.04). Cataracts were more prevalent in blue or grey eyes (32%) compared with intermediate (22%) or brown (20%) in the younger-onset group (P less than 0.001). In older-onset persons (N = 1370), intraocular pressure (IOP) was higher in persons with brown eyes (17.8 mmHg) compared with blue or grey (17.1 mmHg) or intermediate (16.6 mmHg) (P = 0.012). Eye color was not associated significantly with diabetic retinopathy in either the younger- or older-onset group or with age-related macular degeneration or glaucoma in the older-onset group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Manipulation of the iris in extracapsular lens extraction.

Successful extracapsular cataract surgery depends on adequate mydriasis, which will facilitate the anterior capsulotomy and provide a full field of view throughout the operation. The surgeon, especially the neophyte, must recognise which irises may present a difficulty in establishing, maintaining, and reversing mydriasis, with or without the introduction of an intraocular lens. The author describes the preliminary assessment of the iris for disease, previous iris surgery, ease of dilatation, and the place of primary iridectomy. Topical and subconjunctival preoperative mydriatics are assessed, and a practical account of the pharmacological, mechanical, and surgical means of maintaining intra-operative mydriasis is given. The indication for iridectomy in extracapsular lens extraction with or without an intraocular lens is reviewed, and the postoperative manipulation of the iris is described with reference to the problems caused by rebound mydriasis.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1992

Parasympathetic denervation of the iris in Chagas' disease.

The parasympathetic innervation of the iris along with cardiovascular reflexes involving parasympathetic and sympathetic function were studied in 45 patients with Chagas's disease and in 36 controls. The autonomic features in Chagas' disease included 15 with cardiomyopathy, three with megaoesophagus and five with megacolon. None of the patients had orthostatic hypotension. Parasympathetic cardiac reflexes (deep breathing 30:15 ratio, Valsalva) were abnormal. There were exaggerated pupillary responses to dilute pilocarpine. These studies suggest iris parasympathetic denervation and favour more widespread cholinergic involvement in patients with Chagas' disease, than previously recognized.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Mutations in genes encoding melanosomal proteins cause pigmentary glaucoma in DBA/2J mice.

Pigmentary glaucoma is a significant cause of human blindness. Abnormally liberated iris pigment and cell debris enter the ocular drainage structures, leading to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma. DBA/2J (D2) mice develop a form of pigmentary glaucoma involving iris pigment dispersion (IPD) and iris stromal atrophy (ISA). Using high-resolution mapping techniques, sequencing and functional genetic tests, we show that IPD and ISA result from mutations in related genes encoding melanosomal proteins. IPD is caused by a premature stop codon mutation in the Gpnmb (GpnmbR150X) gene, as proved by the occurrence of IPD only in D2 mice that are homozygous with respect to GpnmbR150X; otherwise, similar D2 mice that are not homozygous for GpnmbR150X do not develop IPD. ISA is caused by the recessive Tyrp1b mutant allele and rescued by the transgenic introduction of wildtype Tyrp1. We hypothesize that IPD and ISA alter melanosomes, allowing toxic intermediates of pigment production to leak from melanosomes, causing iris disease and subsequent pigmentary glaucoma. This is supported by the rescue of IPD and ISA in D2 eyes with substantially decreased pigment production. These data indicate that pigment production and mutant melanosomal protein genes may contribute to human pigmentary glaucoma. The fact that hypopigmentation profoundly alleviates the D2 disease indicates that therapeutic strategies designed to decrease pigment production may be beneficial in human pigmentary glaucoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Hormonal changes in patients with haematological malignancies.

Levels of immunologically reactive insulin (IRI), growth hormone (GH), thyroxine, cortisol and ACTH in sera of patients with various haematological malignancies were determined. IRI and GH levels were increased in 80% of the patients regardless of the type of disease. IRI was more elevated in relapse than in remission. Cytostatic treatment returned IRI serum levels to normal. Thyroxine, ACTH and cortisol in serum were higher in only two percent of the patient with haematological malignancies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Ocular disease in FeLV-positive cats: 11 cases (1981-1986).

A total of 147 cats positive for FeLV were retrospectively studied to determine the incidence of ocular disease. Of those cats, 97 had clinical cases of the disease and 50 were artificially infected with the virus. The incidence of ocular disease among FeLV-positive cats with clinical signs of disease was less than 2%, and represented less than 0.1% of the total feline cases for the 5-year period studied. The only ocular findings that could be associated with FeLV were pupillary and motility abnormalities. Retinal hemorrhage and subsequent degeneration found in experimentally infected and naturally infected cats were secondary to profound anemia, which was secondary to FeLV infection. On the basis of the literature and our findings, FeLV is not a major cause of primary or secondary ocular disease in the cat. Anterior uveal disease (iris bombé) was detected in 1 of 147 FeLV-positive cats, and the incidence of secondary infectious disease was zero.

Anemia↗
PubMed1987

Fluorescein iris angiography and anterior segment fluorophotometry in patients with Behçet's disease.

Fluorescein iris angiography and anterior segment fluorophotometry were performed in 63 eyes of 34 patients with Behçet's disease during its remission stage. Thirty normal eyes were studied as the control. A variety of leakage patterns comprising posterior chamber leakage and paravascular leakage were detected in 32 eyes with Behçet's disease by means of fluorescein iris angiography, while no leakage was detected in the control eyes. These leakage patterns were frequently seen in the posterior type uveitis group of Behçet's patients, but were scarce in the anterior type uveitis group. By anterior segment fluorophotometry, the levels of fluorescein concentration in the anterior chamber were significantly higher in the posterior type uveitis eyes of Behçet's patients than those in either the anterior type uveitis eyes or the controls (P less than 0.05-P less than 0.01). The results indicated that the damage to the vascular system still existed in the remission stage of the disease, and that this abnormality occurred more markedly in the posterior type group than in the anterior type group of Behçet's disease eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Conventional diagnostic ultrasound of iris lesions.

Eighty patients, referred for further evaluation of prominent iris lesions, were examined with conventional B-mode ultrasound equipment combined with a simplified immersion technique. The axial resolution of this system is about 350 microns. In 20.3% of the cases, the lesion was too small for ultrasound detection. A cystic lesion was diagnosed in 26% and a solid lesion in 53.7% of the patients studied. In 33.4% of the cases, the lesions were not confined to the iris but also appeared in the ciliary body. This last result shows the diagnostic value of the conventional ultrasound examination in the evaluation apparent iris lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Ultrasound biomicroscopy in iris lesions].

INTRODUCTION: It is difficult to classify lesions of the iris, especially when they are posterior or in the iridociliary angle of the eye. METHOD: We used an ultrasound biomicroscope (Humphrey, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) with a high-frequency sound head (30 and 50 Hz). This study included all patients with unspecified iris processes who were examined at the University Eye Clinic and Hospital of Ulm between September 1996 and February 1997. Fifteen patients, aged between 9 to 82 years (average age = 48.9 years), were prospectively evaluated. RESULTS: A cyst of the iris or ciliary body causing a tumor of the iris was found in six cases (40%). Seven patients (47%) showed a solid tumor of the iris and two patients (13%) a solid tumor of the ciliary body. CONCLUSION: The ultrasound biomicroscope can be used to assess lesions of the iris caused by a cyst or a solid tumor. The increasing size and depth expansion of a solid tumor may be helpful for differentiating between a malignant or benign process. Up to now it has not been possible to use the ultrasonic reflectivity of the tumor to decide if it is malignant.

Adolescent↗