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PubMed1996

IPPF enshrines rights of young people in charter. Secretary general outlines challenges for IPPF in adolescent reproductive health.

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Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

IPPF Charter on Sexual and Reproductive Rights. International Planned Parenthood Federation.

For most of human existence and in most societies, women have been considered to be property and subject to men. Throughout history, with such notable exceptions as Queen Boadicea, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Elizabeth I of England, and Catherine the Great of Russia, women had little or no power until early in the 20th century when the women's suffrage movement was successful in the United States and in some European countries. As women have gained political rights, groups of women have sought sexual and reproductive rights, as exemplified by the feminist movement of the past few decades in the United States. Although marked strides toward achievement of reproductive choice have been taken in high-income countries, there remain major strictures to reproductive freedom for women in low-income countries. This area, which is replete with ethical and moral issues, has been addressed by the International Planned Parenthood Foundation (IPPF), which has worked to improve the sexual and reproductive health of women throughout the world. The IPPF Charter on Sexual and Reproductive Rights is a paradigm for both women's rights and human rights. Karen Newman is policy adviser with the IPPF and has codrafted the IPPF Charter on Sexual and Reproductive Rights together with two lawyers. She has held several positions within the IPPF, including medical researcher, press officer, and programme adviser in Europe, where she had responsibility for working with new family planning associations (FPAs) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. At present, she is working to increase the capacity of IPPF member FPAs to undertake human rights-based advocacy for sexual and reproductive health and rights. Judith F. Helzner is director of Sexual and Reproductive Health at International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region, Inc., where she has worked since 1987. She holds M.A. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania in International Relations and Demography. Her previous employment includes the Pathfinder Fund and the International Women's Health Coalition.

Family Planning Services↗

PubMed1969

IPPF Medical Committee statement.

At the end of its 2-day meeting in London in December 1968, the IPPF Central Medical Committee issued the following press statement, which gives its views about 2 suggested adverse effects of oral contraceptives: Cervical carcinoma in situ: "The International Planned Parenthood Federation Central Medical Committee has reviewed unpublished studies reporting a statistical association between carcinoma in situ of the cervix and the use of oral contraceptives, and has come to the conclusion that the available evidence is insufficient to confirm or exclude a causal relationship. Other studies are in progress in several countries. Where cytological service is available, an annual cervical s mear makes possible the detection of carcinoma in situ at a stage when a complete cure can be effected. Therefore, existing facilities for annual cytological examinations should be used, and where such facilities do not exist they should be established if possible. The Committee, fully cognizant of its responsibilities, recommends that no programme of hormonal contraception should be deferred or interrupted since, at the present time, the Committee is of the opinion that the benefits to health of widespread use of oral contraceptives out-weigh the probable risks." Thromboembolism: "Recently published studies in th e United Kingdom reveal a significant statistical association between the use of oral contraceptives, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and possibly cerebral arterial thrombosis. There is no evidence that the risk varies with the duration of use or the type of compound. The excess risk of mortality due to thrombo-embolic disease among women using oral contraceptives in the United Kingdom appears to be of the order of 3 per 100,000 per year. Further studies should be undertaken in other parts of the world before accepting the above rate generally. The risk to life due to thrombo-embolic disease must be weighed against the mortality of pregnancy and childbirth, which ranges from about 20 deaths per 100,000 pregnancies in developed countries to 300 or more in developing countries."

Biology↗

PubMed1977